共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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针对中深部（1 500~4 000 m）地热资源深井同轴“保水取热”科学评价问题,以COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场耦合数值计算软件为模拟平台,构建垂直单井岩-水耦合传热模型,以西安地区地层与地温特征为模拟背景,计算分析2种地温梯度（0.027、0.030℃/m）与4种注水口流速（0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00 m/s）工况下深层（3 500 m）地热单井套管换热能力。同时,建立5种井间距下的群井数值模型,分析不同井间距下群井中心井的出口温度变化规律。模拟结果显示:地温梯度越大,进出口温差越大,单位时间换热量与单位延米换热量越大;入口注水流速越大,进出口温差越小,但单位时间换热量与单位延米换热量越大,即地温梯度、流速越大,深层垂直钻孔套管换热的效率越高;西安地区3 500 m井深工况下,相邻地热井的间距为30 m时能够保证其地层温度不会相互干扰。研究结论可为深层地热开发利用提供科学参考。移动阅读 相似文献
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积极推进中深层地热能供暖技术,是践行国家碳达峰碳中和“双碳”目标的重要举措。中深层同轴套管式换热系统可避免对地下水资源和环境造成损害,且影响要素之间存在着复杂的非线性相互作用。基于中深层同轴套管式换热器的理论分析和数学描述,建立地热井分层换热模型,并验证其可靠性;以陕西关中盆地某中深层地热井为依托,采用数值模拟方法对各项因素影响下的地热井换热性能及连续运行过程的取热能力进行系统分析。结果表明：采用均质模型、分层模型计算地热井出水温度与实测值最大相对误差分别为14.08%、11.50%,平均误差分别为7.29%、6.93%,分层模型较均质模型具有较高的计算精度;影响因素中地热井深度、地温梯度及地层导热系数对取热功率影响最为显著,在一定程度上取热功率与地温梯度、进水温度、内管导热系数基本呈线性关系,且固井材料导热系数对传热过程具有热阻效应;中深层地热井取热量随运行年限的增加而降低,前5个供暖季取热量降幅较大,之后取热量降幅减缓,经过50个供暖季,年平均取热功率下降15.59%,将地温下降值超过1℃视为地温场受到影响,地温场平均受影响半径约为65 m,此外,由于地层的差异性,地热井周围地层温... 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2019,(6)
关中盆地中深层地热资源丰富,为关中地区冬季供暖提供了保障。作为深层能地热开发利用的示范项目,首次在西安凹陷中施工了2 000m以深的两对U型对接井,对接井水平段长200m,形成了闭式地埋管换热器,且静置时间超过2年,能够反映初始地温。地层初始地温是深层地热井换热能力计算关键参数,高精度的测量可保证数据的可靠性。利用进口直读式热电偶测温探头,对上述2组对接井(4口)初始地层温度进行了测量,并利用线性回归的方法计算了地温梯度。结果显示,在垂向上和平面上,4口井地温都表现出高度的重合性,显示区内对接井地温和地下流场稳定,地热能开采潜力大; 4口地热井单井地温梯度变化范围为3. 45～3. 47℃/hm,平均3. 46±0. 01℃/hm,地温梯度异常是由于关中盆地地壳厚度较薄,以及相对高的地幔热流的热传导和深大断裂沟通的水体热对流相互叠加造成的;蓝田-灞河组分布稳定、富水性好、渗透率高和导热性强,为区域稳定的热储层,根据地温和地温梯度的变化规律,建议区内对接井对接层段为1 866m以深的蓝田-灞河组,以保证最大的换热效率和持续稳定的热源;通过测井资料验证,对接井在1 500～1 600m存在地温异常,与地层地下水活动和地层含砂量高相关。 相似文献
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针对增强型地热系统中水通过复杂裂缝系统提取干热岩储层热量的过程,基于离散裂缝网络模型热流耦合构建了增强型地热系统的解析模型,利用Laplace变换得到了干热岩储层解析解,分析了在五点井网开采下注采井网参数对出口端温度及热提取的影响。研究结果表明:不同裂缝网络和井网模型下出口端温度下降幅度和热突破的时间不同;在相同裂缝网络下,井距越大,热突破时间越晚,当井距分别为50.0、100.0和150.0m时,热突破时间分别为2.0、5.2和15.0a;注水速率越小,温度下降越慢,当注水速率分别为0.1,0.2和0.3kg/s时,生产20.0a,温度下降幅度分别为53.0,34.5和26.8℃;通过正交实验分析方法得到注采参数中井距影响最大,其极差为13.15,其次为注水速率和注水温度,井网模型影响最小。 相似文献
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雄安新区地热资源丰富,本文通过对地热井资料的收集分析,并对单井地温梯度值进行计算,结合区域资料,编制本区盖层地温梯度等值线图,并分析了地温梯度值纵横向变化规律及影响因素。本区地温梯度值基本上都在3.0℃/100m以上,局部达到6.0℃/100m;平面上,地温梯度值总体特征是北高南低、中间高两侧低的特点;纵向上,盖层地温梯度值高,热储层内部地温梯度值低;其地温场的变化主要受地质构造、地层岩性、盖层、水文地质条件等因素控制,其中由于地质构造的影响,加上岩石热导率之间的差异,造成来自地幔的热量向上传递过程中重新分配,向背斜核部集中,导致盖层局部地温梯度值高。 相似文献
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归纳了新疆塔什库尔干谷地地热地质条件,分析了区内地质构造、地温分布、地热流体化学及同位素特征,研究了地热形成机理,计算了曲曼地热田的地热资源量和可开采量。结果表明: 研究区地热资源受断裂构造控制; 地温变化与盖层、完整基岩、断裂带(热储)表现出明显的一致性,目前实测最高热储温度为161 ℃,深部热储计算温度可达222~268 ℃,地温梯度最高为149.20 ℃/100 m; 地热流体具有深循环特征,与浅表冷水的水化学和同位素特征具有明显的差异; 地热流体来源于大气降水,在断裂及裂隙内储存、运移、富集,在侵入岩体放射性生热和结晶余热的热量供应下,地下流体不断与围岩进行热量及物质交换,在热储围岩和盖层中,热量以传导方式为主,在热储内,热量以对流方式为主; 曲曼地热田储存的热量为55.919×1011 MJ,地热流体可开采量约为12 593 m3/d,产能(热能)约为77.9 MW。因此认为,塔什库尔干谷地热储埋藏深度浅,易开采,具有可观的直接和间接经济价值。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩热储层具有地热资源丰富、开采条件好、单井涌水量大等特点,是中深层地热资源开发利用的主要热储层之一。在地热长期开采、尾水回灌过程中,既要保持抽灌井之间的水力联系,又要避免热突破的发生,对抽灌井热储层温度长期监测和热源分析计算,是地热资源可持续开发利用的重要课题。文章介绍了抽灌井分布式光纤测温技术,监测了碳酸盐岩热储抽水回灌对地温的影响,根据监测数据分析、计算了热储温度恢复的热源及热量。研究结果表明：受抽灌井间距较小和碳酸盐岩热储优势通道的影响,供暖后第6天,抽水井热储温度明显下降,平均降幅1.6℃,抽灌井产生了热突破;因长期大量低温尾水回灌,第二个供暖季之前回灌井热储温度未能恢复到初始温度,抽水井温度基本恢复;经分析计算,储层热量恢复的主要来源为地热水对流聚热,其次为高温储层、地热水传导聚热。基于该研究结果,在大规模回灌条件下,回灌井温度降低,抽灌井发生热突破是必然的发展趋势,深入开展抽灌井合理井距研究、防止短时间内发生热突破,对促进地热资源可持续开发利用是非常必要的。 相似文献
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热源、热储层(砂体厚度、孔隙度、渗透率)、地温场等是影响地热资源评价的重要因素。本文以渭河盆地西安凹陷-西安市延长石油西化小区为例,在收集前人资料的基础上,应用地层测温、测井、岩芯分析等资料,分析了研究区地温场特征、热储层特征及地热资源量,运用多种参数对热储层有利区进行了综合评定。研究结果表明延长石油西化小区属地热异常区,地温梯度为3.5℃/100 m;研究区张家坡组、蓝田灞河组砂泥岩互层发育,砂厚分布在40～140 m之间,平均孔隙度分布在15.68%～30.3%之间,蓝田灞河组砂层厚度、地层热量、含水量和总热量均高于三门组和张家坡组地层,地热开发条件最好;综合考虑砂体厚度、地层含水量、地温梯度、地温、热储层物性因素,认为西安凹陷延长石油西化小区地热开发应选择蓝田灞河组为主要目的层段,最优的地热开发方式应采用采灌平衡法进行地热开采,综合考虑研究区更宜选择中深层地埋管井下换热方式进行地热资源开发。 相似文献
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本文通过对德州水文家园砂岩热储地热回灌井全井段温度监测,在深度上分为5个区段论述了地温场的变化特征,重点对热储温度恢复的热量来源进行了分析。研究结果表明,在规模化生产性回灌时,低温地热尾水回灌会使得回灌井周边热储温度明显降低,并且恢复速率特别缓慢;通过定性分析和定量计算,认为大地传导热流和顶部地层传导热流在热储温度恢复中的作用极其微弱,而外围同层相对高温地层传导的热量和地热水流动带来的热量是其温度恢复的主要热量来源。基于该研究结果,在规模化回灌条件下,发生热突破是必然的,因此深入开展回灌工程采灌井合理井距研究、防止短时间内发生热突破是非常有必要的。 相似文献
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地热井与周围热储层的传热过程对地热井产热性能研究有重要意义。由于实际工程中在地热井周边布置测点较难,无法获取地热井周围热储层的参数变化,进而为地热热储模拟结果提供验证,故以往大多地热热储模拟仅将地热井作为源项处理,未考虑地热流体和储层的耦合流动换热。实验室条件下的模拟试验方便布置测点,可为热储-井筒耦合流动传热模型提供试验验证,其中如何实现实验室尺度下有温度梯度的模拟地层是试验研究的关键,目前尚未有类似研究。基于传热学基本原理,研究了实验室条件下有较高温度梯度多孔地层的快速实现方法,通过确定模拟热储层和热储盖层几何尺寸、优选填充多孔介质和实现恒定温度的模拟热储层,设计了一套实验室尺度下有高温度梯度的模拟地层系统,通过分层加热与边界动态热补偿方法,较快实现了热储层温度分别为60,65,70°C下模拟地层的线性温度分布,采用有限体积法得到的数值模拟与试验结果的相对误差在±2.5%范围内,二者吻合较好。文章设计搭建的模拟地层系统可为开展地热井筒-热储耦合模拟试验提供条件,进而为开发的地热热储-井筒耦合传热数值软件提供试验验证。 相似文献
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Aref Lashin 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(8):2807-2828
The Gulf of Suez is characterized by the presence of many hot springs and deep thermal wells scattered around its coastal areas. So it is considered one of the promised geothermal areas in Egypt. In this study, the main emphasis is to investigate the geothermal potential around the Gulf of Suez using the available logging and geothermometer datasets. The temperature profiles and well logging data of some hot springs and deep wells around or within the coastal area of the Gulf of Suez are used in this study. The temperature profiles are analyzed and some important thermophysical properties are estimated (geothermal gradient, thermal conductivity, heat flow, and specific heat capacity). Such analysis revealed that a medium to high geothermal gradient (22.0–30°C/Km) is given for the Gulf of Suez as a whole, with some spots of much higher gradient in the order of 35.0–44°C/Km (Ras Fanar and Hammam Faraun areas). The compiled thermal plots show that the thick evaporites and rock salt lithology, which is a major constituent in this area, attain the highest thermal conductivity (>3.10 W/m/K) and heat flow (>90 mW/m2) and the lowest specific heat capacity (<0.30 J/kg/K). The available gamma ray and the natural gamma ray spectroscopy logs are used to conduct a radioactive-based heat generation study using the characteristic radioactive nature of some elements like; 238U, 235U, 232Th, and of the isotope of 40K. A good linearity is observed between the heat production (A in microwatt per cubic meter) and the gamma ray (API) along a wide range of datasets (0–150 API) in all wells. The heat production factor increases in the carbonate lithology (up to 3.20?μW/m3) and is proportional to the shale volume. A geothermometer-based study is used to estimate the subsurface formation temperature and heat flow from the geochemical analysis of some water samples collected from the studied hot springs. The estimated thermal parameters are in harmony with the regional thermal regime concluded form logging data. A thermal basin growth study, in relation to the clay diagenesis is conducted concerning the thermal effects that take place with depth giving rise to another clay mineral (illite). Furthermore, a number of 2D thermal–burial history diagrams are constructed for the complied sections of some of the studied areas to show the vertical distribution of the estimated petrothermal properties. A reserve evaluation study is carried out to estimate the economic geothermal capacity of these hot springs to be used as alternative clean source for possible energy production (electricity) and other low-temperature purposes. 相似文献
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汤泉位于河北省遵化市西北部,为山前丘陵地貌,地热资源丰富。本文对汤泉地热田内分布的诸多基岩热水井进行了钻孔测温,利用测温结果对该地热田地温场分布特征及控制因素进行了研究。研究发现:钻孔温度明显受地下水流的影响,绝大部分测温井表现为对流传热特征,个别表现为传导为主的传热特征;地温异常区域位于汤泉福泉宫和疗养院一带,异常中心呈两极分布,地热异常中心50 m埋深水温为51~54℃,100 m埋深水温可达60~67℃;该地热系统中地热水系地下水在深循环过程中,在正常的大地热流背景下被围岩逐渐加热所致;由花岗岩隔水底板构造形态所形成的隐伏盆地,构成了福泉宫至疗养院一带的蓄水构造;由于断裂构造切割花岗岩体,造成深部的热流沿断裂上升,混合并加热赋存于福泉宫至疗养院一带蓄水构造中的片麻岩裂隙水,形成该地段的地热异常现象;福泉宫地区和疗养院地区片麻岩含水层裂隙发育,使得深部热量能够快速到达浅部地层,并在浅部出现局部异常高温;汤泉地热田片麻岩热储层地热流体属于含岩盐地层溶滤的陆相沉积水,主要来源于大气降水。 相似文献
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When porous, fluid-saturated, bodies of geologic dimensions are subjected to temperature gradients on the order of the normal geothermal gradient (25°C/km) it is shown that large (km) scale eddy currents will spontaneously arise and persist in these bodies. The velocity of these fluid currents is on the order of 1 meter per year, but taken over a period of several million years, the mass flux accompanying the fluid flow is large enough to produce significant porosity changes. It is shown that diffusive mass transfer is generally a negligible component of the total mass flux when characteristic distances are greater than grain diameters and it is concluded that most post-depositional reservoir cementation is due to slowly circulating fluids. In terms of a broad perspective, reservoir diagenesis can be regarded as a low heat flow analogue of hydrothermal alteration, occupying the low fluid flow regime of the spectrum, and passing into the hydrothermal regime as the heat flow and fluid velocities increase. 相似文献
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ZUO Yinhui QIU Nansheng HAO Qingqing ZHANG Yunxian PANG Xiongqi LI Zhongchao GAO Xia 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(3):915-930
The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin, China, and has abundant oil and gas reserves. To date, there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields. This study measured the rock thermal conductivity of 324 cores from 47 wells, and calculated rock thermal conductivity for different formations. The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow were calculated for 192 wells on basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells. The results show that the Dongpu sag is characterized by a medium-temperature geothermal field between stable and active tectonic areas, with an average geothermal gradient of 32.0°C/km and terrestrial heat flow of 65.6 mW/m2. The geothermal fields in the Dongpu sag is significantly controlled by the Changyuan, Yellow River, and Lanliao basement faults. They developed in the Paleogene and the Dongying movement occurred at the Dongying Formation depositional period. The geothermal fields distribution has a similar characteristic to the tectonic framework of the Dongpu sag, namely two subsags, one uplift, one steep slope and one gentle slope. The oil and gas distribution is closely associated with the present geothermal fields. The work may provide constraints for reconstructing the thermal history and modeling source rock maturation evolution in the Dongpu sag. 相似文献
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S. Bachu 《Tectonophysics》1985,120(3-4):257-284
A detailed study of the groundwater and terrestrial heat flow was carried out over an area of 23,700 km2 west of Cold Lake, Alberta, which is part of the western Canada sedimentary basin. The information for the study was provided from data from 3100 wells drilled in the area. The screening and processing of thousands of stratigraphic picks, drillstem test data, bottom hole temperatures and formation water chemistry data was performed mainly using a specially designed software package. As a result, every stratigraphic unit is characterized by appropriate hydraulic and thermal parameters.
A sequence of aquifers, aquitards and aquicludes was differentiated. The groundwater flow in the Paleozoic aquifers is regional in nature and mainly horizontal. The flow in the Cretaceous aquifers is of intermediate type, mainly downward oriented. In general, the permeability of the Cretaceous and Paleozoic strata has such low values that the fluid velocity is less than 1 cm/yr.
The convective heat transport in the hydrostratigraphic sequence is negligible with respect to the conductive heat transfer, as shown by the Peclet number of the fluid and heat flow in porous media. The flow of the terrestrial heat flux from the Precambrian basement of the sedimentary basin to the atmosphere is controlled by the variability in the thermal properties of the formations in the basin.
The geothermal gradients were computed by hydrostratigraphic unit using a linear regression fit to the temperature data. As expected, they show higher values for the less conductive layers, and lower values for the more conductive ones. The weighted average, or the integral geothermal gradient of the whole sedimentary column, was computed by considering the difference between the temperature measured at the Precambrian basement and the annual average temperature at the surface. The areal distribution of the integral geothermal gradient (with an average of 22.0 mK/m) shows a strong correlation with the lithology.
The areal temperature distribution for each hydrostratigraphic unit was analyzed by mapping the deviation of the measured value from the computed geothermal gradient. The lateral heat flow from warmer to colder areas is one order of magnitude smaller than the vertical heat flow. In the more homogeneous units, the lateral heat flow presents a trend that seems to reflect the geometry and lithology. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(3):641-652
Data from sixteen deep walls drilled for oil exploration purposes in the Anambra Basin of southeastern Nigeria indicate large variations in temperature gradients and heat flow within the basin. Geothermal gradients vary between 25 and 49 ± 1°C km−1, while heat flow estimates are in the range 48 to 76 ± 3 mW m−2. The highest geothermal gradients and heat flow values were computed for the wells located in the southwestern part of the basin north of Onitsha and Asaba. This part of the basin coincides with zones of thick, low conductivity sediments, low ground surface elevation, and hydraulic discharge zones. The general direction of increase in geothermal gradient, originally projected as south to north by earlier workers dealing with the Niger Delta data and the very limited well data from the Anambra Basin, is inconsistent with the results of the present study.The distribution of subsurface temperatures, geothermal gradients and heat flow is found to be directly related to the basin hydrodynamics - higher geothermal gradients and heat flow in areas of low hydraulic head distribution. Hydrocarbon metamorphism and migration appear to have been greatly influenced by the movements of circulating meteoric waters. A higher level of organic maturity of sediments should be expected in the southwestern zone, where the thermal anomaly exists. However, owing to hydrodynamic activities, tertiary migration would have taken place leaving many traces of residual hydrocarbons. The several cases of fluorescence noticed in wells in the southwestern zone of the Anambra Basin are taken as evidence that this process may indeed have taken place in the geological past of the basin. 相似文献
18.
中深层地热井下同轴换热器具有取热量大、出口水温高的特点,近年来受到供热行业的高度关注。目前的研究主要是对单个供热周期内的中深层地热井下同轴换热器的换热性能进行分析,缺乏对其长期换热性能的相关研究。本文根据中深层地热井下同轴换热器供暖季供热、非供暖季停歇运行的特点,基于能量守恒方程建立换热器的数值换热模型,并采用有限体积法对模型进行离散,通过Matlab平台数值分析其在长期运行过程中换热性能的变化规律。结果表明:换热器的换热性能随着运行年份逐渐下降,且下降程度逐年减小,最终达到准稳态。其中,次年平均换热量的下降比例最大,且换热器埋深越大,换热量的下降比例越小。埋深为2 000、2 500、3 000 m换热器的次年平均换热量的下降比例依次为4.00%,3.78%和3.56%,第30年的平均换热量较第1年分别下降13.7%、13.1%、12.4%。岩体温度逐年下降,其受干扰半径逐年增加。在30 a运行期间,埋深2 000 m的换热器在每年供热季结束时的岩体温度受干扰半径从13 m增加至105 m。此外,换热器深度越大,其周围岩体温度受干扰半径越大。本研究结果阐明了中深层地热井下同轴换热器在长期取热过程中换热性能的变化规律,对换热器长期取热的设计具有指导意义。 相似文献
19.
Temperature measurements carried out on 9 hydrocarbon exploration boreholes together with Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) from reflection seismic images are used in this study to derive geothermal gradients and heat flows in the northern margin of the South China Sea near Taiwan. The method of Horner plot is applied to obtain true formation temperatures from measured borehole temperatures, which are disturbed by drilling processes. Sub-seafloor depths of BSRs are used to calculate sub-bottom temperatures using theoretical pressure/temperature phase boundary that marks the base of gas hydrate stability zone. Our results show that the geothermal gradients and heat flows in the study area range from 28 to 128 °C/km and 40 to 159 mW/m2, respectively. There is a marked difference in geothermal gradients and heat flow beneath the shelf and slope regions. It is cooler beneath the shelf with an average geothermal gradient of 34.5 °C/km, and 62.7 mW/m2 heat flow. The continental slope shows a higher average geothermal gradient of 56.4 °C/km, and 70.9 mW/m2 heat flow. Lower heat flow on the shelf is most likely caused by thicker sediments that have accumulated there compared to the sediment thickness beneath the slope. In addition, the continental crust is highly extended beneath the continental slope, yielding higher heat flow in this region. A half graben exists beneath the continental slope with a north-dipping graben-bounding fault. A high heat-flow anomaly coincides at the location of this graben-bounding fault at the Jiulong Ridge, indicating vigorous vertical fluid convection which may take place along this fault. 相似文献