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第四纪代表了地质历史时期最新的地质年代,持续了2.58个百万年,以两极发育冰盖、多期次的冰期-间冰期旋回和人属的出现为特征。第四纪年代地层学研究在建立高精度地层格架、了解地球气候系统演化规律和预测气候变化趋势等方面具有重要意义。依据现今的定义,第四系包括更新统和全新统,而更新统进一步划分为4个阶。其中,杰拉阶底界、卡拉布里雅阶底界和全新统底界全球层型剖面与点位(GSSP)已确立,而更新统中阶和上阶底界GSSP的研究工作正在进行中,界线标志已确定。近年来,随着同位素测年技术的不断提高和天文旋回理论的普遍应用,第四纪年代地层界线年龄在不断更新,天文轨道旋回控制的万年尺度气候事件可以作为全球对比的标尺。当前国际地层委员会第四系分会的主要任务包括更新统中、上阶底界金钉子的确立、全新统进一步划分和"人类统"概念的提出。 相似文献
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中国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位的划分 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
十多年来全球和我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层研究取得很大进展 ,在前人所积累的大量成果和资料的基础上 ,结合近年来的研究 ,厘定了我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位系统 ,建议分别以吉林浑江大阳岔 (或江西武宁或湖北宜昌黄花场 )、湖北宜昌黄花场、浙江常山黄泥塘、新疆柯坪大湾沟和湖北远安苟家垭剖面为界线层型 ,将中国奥陶系自下而上划分为 :新厂阶 (或特马豆克阶 )、道保湾阶、大湾阶、达瑞维尔阶、艾家山阶和钱塘江阶。为了客观反应我国奥陶系的特点 ,同时便于与全球年代地层单位界线对比 ,建议将上述各个阶底界的的界线依次划在 R.taojiangensis( =R.praeparabola) / H .simplex、 O.communis、 B.triangularis/ T.laevis、 U.austrodentatus、 N .gracilis和 N ankinolithus带的底部 ;中下奥陶统和中上奥陶统之间的界线分别定在道保湾阶 /大湾阶和达瑞维尔阶 /艾家山阶之间。建议下志留统最下部两个年代地层单位——龙马溪阶和大中坝阶——以湖北宜昌王家湾剖面为界线层型 ,分别以 A.ascensus和 D .triangulatus的首现为划分标志。对每一个阶的命名、含义、界线层型剖面的岩性特征、界线划分的生物标志、与全球相关年代地层单位层型和点 ( GSSP)的对比 ,以及与过去曾经建议或使用过? 相似文献
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十多年来全球和我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层研究取得很大进展,在前人所积累的大量成果和资料的基础上,结合近年来的研究,厘定了我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位系统,建议分别以吉林浑江大阳岔(或江西武宁或湖北宜昌黄花场)、湖北宜昌黄花场、浙江常山黄泥塘、新疆柯坪大湾沟和湖北远安苟家垭剖面为界线层型,将中国奥陶系自下而上划分为:新厂阶(或特马豆克阶)、道保湾阶、大湾阶、达瑞维尔阶、艾家山阶和钱塘江阶.为了客观反应我国奥陶系的特点,同时便于与全球年代地层单位界线对比,建议将上述各个阶底界的的界线依次划在R.taoyiangensis(＝R.praeparabola)/H.simplex、O.commums、B.triangularis/T.laevis、U.austrodentatus、N.gracilis和Nankinolithus带的底部;中下奥陶统和中上奥陶统之间的界线分别定在道保湾阶/大湾阶和达瑞维尔阶/艾家山阶之间.建议下志留统最下部两个年代地层单位--龙马溪阶和大中坝阶--以湖北宜昌王家湾剖面为界线层型,分别以A.ascensus和D.triangulatus的首现为划分标志.对每一个阶的命名、含义、界线层型剖面的岩性特征、界线划分的生物标志、与全球相关年代地层单位层型和点(GSSP)的对比,以及与过去曾经建议或使用过的有关年代地层单位或名称的关系进行了讨论和说明,并按所划分的年代地层单位序列,依次指出了与上述各个阶时代相当的主要岩石地层单位的名称.新厂阶(或特马豆克阶)的区域性界线层型剖面究竟定在何处,道保湾阶的命名、层型剖面和界线标志问题,以及钱塘江阶界线标志和精确对比问题还需进一步研究. 相似文献
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福建宁化上石炭统类生物地层自下而上划分为4带3亚带:1)Pseudoendothyraninghuaensis带,2)Fusulina-Fusulinella带,其中包括Fusulinellahelenae-Pseudostaffellapaxadoxa亚带、Beedeinamayiensis亚带和Fusulinaquasicylindrica亚带,3)Protriticitesobsoletus带和4)Montiparusmontiparus-Quasifusulinafusiformis带。该区生物地层可与我国华南、华北和西北沉积区以及俄罗斯地台同期地层进行对比,其年代地层归属于上石炭统达拉阶至逍遥阶下部,相当于国际地层表上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)的莫斯科阶和卡西莫夫阶。 相似文献
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国际三叠纪年代地层研究进展 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
简要概述了近年来国际三叠纪年代地层等方面所取得的一些重要进展:国际地层委员会三叠系分会已于上世纪90年代确定将三叠系划分为3统7阶,但至今仅确定了三叠系底界一个“金钉子”,安尼阶-拉丁阶界线层型有望在近期内被最后确认,而其他5条界线仍在加紧工作中;随着同位素测年技术和手段的不断改进,三叠纪一些重要的年代地层界线的地质年龄也在不断更新;亚阶虽然不是国际三叠系研究的重点,但亚阶的划分也是三叠纪年代地层研究的重要方面,尤其在下、中三叠统研究中已有较好的基础;以脊椎动物为基础的陆相三叠纪年代地层划分方案有待在推广应用中得以完善。全国地层委员会于2 0 0 0年提出了3统6阶的中国海相三叠系划分方案和3统7阶的中国陆相三叠系划分方案,为启动中国三叠纪年代地层学奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本文根据东昆仑地区石炭系所含(竹蜒)类化石的旋壁构造——蜂巢层的出现和演替过程呈渐变而并非截然分开的这一重要事件,将该区原划分的中石炭统和上石炭统合并为上石炭统。将整个东昆仑地区石炭系分为下石炭统和上石炭统。 相似文献
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近10余年来,特别是2000年召开第三届地层会议后,中国年代地层研究得到很快发展。首先,在全国地层委员会主持下,经各断代工作组专家们的共同努力,编制完成了《中国区域年代地层（地质年代）表》,系统建立了从震旦系至第四系中共102个阶（其中包括52个陆相地层区的阶）和新建3个系级单位。从2001年开始,在中国地质调查局的大力支持下,由全国地层委员会主持,组织全国知名地质科研院所、高校和部分地质调查院的专家,围绕中国区域年代地层表,开展了系统的建阶研究。5年来,共涉及45个阶,9个界线层型和2个新建系及2个统级单位的研究,取得重要进展。先后已有4个全球界线层型（GSSPs）被国际地质科学联合会批准建立在中国,还有3～4个全球界线层型正待国际地质学科学联合会批准建立在中国,另有3～4个界线层型剖面有望争取成为全球的界线层型。其他研究所涉及到的阶、系、统等单位,也有明显进展,成熟度明显提高,为《中国区域年代地层（地质年代）表》的广泛应用奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
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华北地台晚古生代年代地层系统 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文系《华北晚古生代聚煤规律》地层研究的一部分。以华北晚古生代聚煤盆地的整体作为研究范围，应用界线层型概念以及与首要门类生物地层单位界线的相关性讨论了各个年代地层界线，包括石炭、二叠系界线、石炭系内部界线和二叠系内部界线，并采用了国际通用阶名，与国内外相当地层界线进行了讨论和比较，建立了系统的和完整的华北地台晚古生代年地层系统。 相似文献
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The Carboniferous culm of the Pays-de-Sault is divided into two diachronous and synshortening series. These series are dated Late Visean (Pic d'Ourtiset series in a northern overthrust unit) and Early Namurian E2 (La Fajolle series in a southern underthrust unit) from an association of foraminifers, algae, and microproblematica identified in clasts of conglomerates. According to structural positions and facies criteria, these two series are interpreted as two turbiditic depocenters which were generated by southward thrust propagation during Late Visean and Early Namurian. At the scale of the Pyrenean Hercynian range, this evolution is consistent with a thrust and depocenter sequence propagating on the wedge-top depozone of a foreland basin system from the northeast (Mouthoumet subpyrenean massif) to the southwest (end of the High Primary Range) during Late Visean to Westphalian C time interval. 相似文献
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全球石炭纪-二叠纪植物群的演化和分布特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在全球范围内，石炭纪和二叠纪植物群可以划分为五个植物群，即早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔Ａ期）的全球性拟鳞木植物群（Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓｆｌｏｒａ）和晚石炭世（纳缪尔Ｂ—Ｃ期、威斯发期和斯蒂芬期）至二叠纪的华夏植物群、欧美植物群、安加拉植物群和冈瓦纳植物群。早石炭世拟鳞木植物群广泛分布于世界许多地区，具有全球一致性，以Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓ，Ｓｕｂ ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ，Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｓｉｇｉｌａｒｉａ，Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｃａｌａｍｉｔｅｓ，Ｃａｒｄｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ，Ｒｈｏｄｅｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ，Ｒｈａ ｃｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ，Ａｄｉａｎｔｉｔｅｓ，Ｔｒｉｐｈｙｌｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ等为特征。拟鳞木植物群逐渐从泥盆纪植物群分离出来，繁盛于早石炭世早期，绝灭于早石炭世末期。在早石炭世和晚石炭世的转换期，全球性气候变化和构造运动导致早石炭世拟鳞木植物群典型分子的绝灭和晚石炭世植物群先驱分子的出现。因此，华夏植物群、欧美植物群、安加拉植物群和冈瓦纳植物群衍生于早石炭世全球一致性拟鳞木植物群，但它们各自发展在不同的环境中。 相似文献
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《Gondwana Research》2014,26(4):1338-1347
The late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA) is the closest example that can be compared with current climate conditions. Near the beginning of the LPIA fossil plants of Mississippian (late Visean to earliest Serpukhovian) age indicate a widespread frost-free climate in a wide belt on Gondwana indicating an interval of greenhouse conditions between the earlier Visean and later Serpukhovian icehouse times. This warm-temperate floral belt has been named the Paraca floral belt after the locality on the Peruvian coast where it was first recognized. The origin of this particular zono-biome was due to the interplay of (1) climate oscillations, (2) several kinds of long-distance plant dispersal within, between or through zono-biomes, and (3) plate motion. The Carboniferous age strata on the Paracas Peninsula in Peru serve as an example for an analysis of these large scale patterns through the analysis of local geology, paleobotany, and paleoecology. The processes observed during this time interval can serve as a model for long-distance plant dispersal at other times. 相似文献
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A.V. Prokopiev V.B. Ershova E.L. Miller A.K. Khudoley 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2013,54(10):1195-1204
The first U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Lower Carboniferous sandstones in the frontal part of the northern Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt showed that detrital zircon age spectra for the Lower Visean (Krestyakh Formation) and the Upper Visean–Serpukhovian (Tiksi Formation) rocks are quite different. The Early Visean sandstones contain up to 95% detrital zircons of Precambrian age, while those of Late Visean–Serpukhovian age, only 55%. The shape of age distribution plots of Precambrian zircons for both samples is similar, indicating that reworking of terrigenous sediments of the Krestyakh Formation or the same sources dominated in Early Visean time (crystalline basement of the craton, eroded Meso- and Neoproterozoic sedimentary complexes, and igneous rocks of Central Taimyr) contributed significantly to the accumulation of the Late Visean–Serpukhovian deposits. In the rocks of the Tiksi Formation, 45% of detrital zircons are of Paleozoic age, while 24% are Early Paleozoic, with prevailing Cambrian and Ordovician ages. Possible provenance areas with abundant igneous rocks of this age could be the Taimyr–Severnaya Zemlya and Central Asian fold belts extending along the northern, western or southwestern margins of the Siberia. The presence of Middle–Late Devonian zircons is thought to be related to the erosion of granitoids of the Yenisei Ridge and the Altai–Sayan region. Early Carboniferous detrital zircons probably had a provenance in igneous rocks of the Taimyr–Severnaya Zemlya fold belt, on the assumption that collision between the Kara block and the northern margin of the Siberian continent had already occurred by that time. In Early Visean time, sedimentation occurred in small deltaic fans, likely along steep fault scarps that formed as a result of Middle Paleozoic (Devonian–Carboniferous) rifting. The clastic material came from small rivers that eroded the nearby area. Late Visean–Serpukhovian time was marked by a sharp increase in the amount of clastic material and by the appearance of detrital zircons coming from new provenance regions, such as fold belts extending along the northern and southwestern margins of the Siberian continent. A large river system, which was able to transport clastic material over large distances to deposit it in submarine fans on the northern Verkhoyansk passive continental margin, had already existed by that time. 相似文献
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根据Gr值、TH/U值和成像测井等测井资料,以及岩心、薄片等反映沉积基准面和沉积相变化的资料,在哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩台地内划分出18个高频层序(四级层序),其中杜内阶和维宪阶高频层序界面类型主要为瞬时加深淹没间断面,谢尔普霍夫阶高频层序界面类型主要为瞬时暴露间断面。高频层序一般厚十几米至几十米,杜内期—维宪早期厚度较薄且差异不大,维宪中晚期—谢尔普霍夫期厚度差异增大,最终使下石炭统整体呈西薄东厚、北薄南厚的特征。杜内—维宪早期高频层序下部主要发育蒸发潟湖和局限潟湖亚相,上部主要为局限潮坪亚相;维宪中晚期—谢尔普霍夫期高频层序下部主要发育局限潮坪亚相,向上变为蒸发潮坪和台内浅滩亚相。通过对高频层序的成因分析认为,周期性高频海平面升降变化和气候是高频层序发育的主控因素,气候对维宪晚期—谢尔普霍夫期高频层序发育的影响更大。Marsel探区在早石炭世位于镶边台地内部,先后经历了早期(杜内期)局限台地—蒸发台地、中期(维宪期)局限台地—蒸发台地和晚期(谢尔普霍夫期)开阔台地—局限台地—蒸发台地这3期沉积演化过程。高频层序的研究为建立高精度层序地层格架和有利储集层的精细划分、对比及预测奠定了基础。 相似文献
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河南商城—固始地区石炭系沉积环境及其构造意义 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据沉积相分析,同时综合分析区域地质资料,笔者提出河南商城－固始地区石炭系及安徽金寨地区梅山群为典型前陆磨拉石含煤建造,其沉积相主要为滨海、潮坪、泻湖、局限台地及砾质辫状河－冲积扇相,代表了统一的石炭纪一二叠纪合肥弧后前陆盆地的南部边缘相,说明大别地块（北大别弧）于早古生代晚期－晚古生代早期即与华北板块碰扪结成一体。 相似文献
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Carboniferous deep‐water marine strata have been insufficiently studied in western Junggar, NW China where the deep‐water facies successions have long been disputed in terms of age constraints, sequence and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. This paper introduces some views in the light of new materials obtained from this region in recent years. The presence of the Visean plant fossils from the upper Ta'erbahatai Formation in the Tarbgatay Mountains indicates that the formation can be extended to the Early Carboniferous epoch in age. This unit also displays obvious diachroneity, which is of Late Devonian to Early Tournaisian age in the Saur Mountains and Late Devonian to Visean age in the Tarbgatay Mountains. The Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations are widely distributed in northwestern Karamay areas. The scouring structures and graded bedding near the boundaries between the three formations confirm the stratal sequence that they were originally assigned, namely the Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations in ascending order. The ‘fossil chaos’ of the three formations is due to mistaking fossils of other stratigraphic units for fossils of these three formations. After revision, only the Early Carboniferous fossils are considered reliable, and combined with the newly found plant fossils, the Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations are re‐assigned to the early Visean, late Visean, and latest Visean to Serpukhovian ages, respectively. An extension of the lower Hala'alate Formation was recognized in the southwestern Hala'alate Mountains. The presence of the latest Early Carboniferous brachiopods constrains the Hala'alate Formation as late Serpukhovian to Bashkirian in age, bearing the mid‐Carboniferous boundary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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湖南中部早石炭世腕足动物组合及几个问题的讨论 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对湘中下石炭统腕足动物群的系统研究表明,该地区的腕足动物群自下而上可划分为6个组合带;1.“plicatifera” tenuiplicaia Hou Ass.（Lower Toumaisian）,2.Unispiri-fer tournaicensis（Kon.）—Eochoristites alatus（Ching）Ass.（Middle Tournaisian）; 3．Finosp-irifer shaoyangensis（Ozaki）—Marginatia vaughani（Muir--Wood）Ass.（Upper Tournasian）;4.（?）itiliproductus groberi（Kren.）——Pugilis hunanensis（Ozaki）Ass.（Lower Visean）;5.Para-kansuella subrhomboidea Sp·nov.——Kansuella——Gigantoproductus maximus （M’coy）Ass．（UpperVisean）;6.Latiproductus latissimus（Sow.）—Gigantoproductus edelburgensis（Phillips）Ass.（Lower Namurian or Serpukhovian）.这些腕足动物大部分是特提斯区广泛分布的属种,能够与西欧,苏联等地的同时期动物群进行很好的对比.对邵东组腕足动物的研究表明,该组的地质时代属晚泥盆世末期.其所产腕足动物能很好地与西欧及苏联同期地层的腕足动物比较.研究表明,在湘中杜内与维宪阶的生物地层界线,根据腕足动物,应置于Finospirifer-marginatia动物群和Delepinea subcarinata—Megachonetes zimmermanni组合带之间,而不是过去认为的Eochoristives—Martiniella动 相似文献
20.
M. F. Pereira C. Ribeiro F. Vilallonga M. Chichorro K. Drost J. B. Silva L. Albardeiro M. Hofmann U. Linnemann 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(5):1453-1470
This study combines geochemical and geochronological data in order to decipher the provenance of Carboniferous turbidites from the South Portuguese Zone (SW Iberia). Major and trace elements of 25 samples of graywackes and mudstones from the Mértola (Visean), Mira (Serpukhovian), and Brejeira (Moscovian) Formations were analyzed, and 363 U-Pb ages were obtained on detrital zircons from five samples of graywackes from the Mira and Brejeira Formations using LA-ICPMS. The results indicate that turbiditic sedimentation during the Carboniferous was marked by variability in the sources, involving the denudation of different crustal blocks and a break in synorogenic volcanism. The Visean is characterized by the accumulation of immature turbidites (Mértola Formation and the base of the Mira Formation) inherited from a terrane with intermediate to mafic source rocks. These source rocks were probably formed in relation to Devonian magmatic arcs poorly influenced by sedimentary recycling, as indicated by the almost total absence of pre-Devonian zircons typical of the Gondwana and/or Laurussia basements. The presence of Carboniferous grains in Visean turbidites indicates that volcanism was active at this time. Later, Serpukhovian to Moscovian turbiditic sedimentation (Mira and Brejeira Formations) included sedimentary detritus derived from felsic mature source rocks situated far from active magmatism. The abundance of Precambrian and Paleozoic zircons reveals strong recycling of the Gondwana and/or Laurussia basements. A peri-Gondwanan provenance is indicated by zircon populations with Neoproterozoic (Cadomian-Avalonian and Pan-African zircon-forming events), Paleoproterozoic, and Archean ages. The presence of late Ordovician and Silurian detrital zircons in Brejeira turbidites, which have no correspondence in the Gondwana basement of SW Iberia, indicates Laurussia as their most probable source. 相似文献