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1.
利用广州新电视塔自动站和中大自动站2007年9月至2009年4月的观测资料,结合天气形势进行对比分析,结果表明:热带气旋天气类型的阵风特点是平均阵风、瞬间阵风最大,强风影响的时间长,大气边界层与地面风力差最大;冷空气天气类型的阵风特点是平均阵风较大,瞬间阵风最小,强风影响的时间长,大气边界层与地面风力差最小;低槽天气类型的阵风特点是平均阵风最小,瞬间阵风较大,强风影响的时间短,大气边界层与地面风力差较大。在热带气旋天气类型中,在珠江口和粤西沿海地区登陆的热带气旋对广州大气边界层的风力影响最大,最大阵风出现在热带气旋强度最强且路径离广州最近的时间段里;另外,弱冷空气对热带气旋的风力有增强作用。在冷空气天气类型中,500hPa形势场的旋转型低槽有利于大气边界层出现强风。在低槽天气类型中,强低槽类型有利于大气边界层出现时间长强度强的阵风,雷雨大风类型有利于大气边界层出现短时极大风。 相似文献
2.
南海热带辐合带的气流分型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2001～2005年Micaps每日08:00的850hPa天气图,及相关海区指标站实时资料,对出现在南海的热带辐合带进行分析,结果表明:南海热带辐合带按其组成气流和所出现的地理位置大致可分为4种类型,即偏东型、偏西型、东西相连型和南压型,这4种类型与其组成气流和出现季节有密切关系,对南海不同海区天气的影响有较大差异。 相似文献
3.
渤海大风特点以及海陆风力差异研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2009年7月至今渤海浮标站观测资料,分析了渤海大风的特点.结果表明,2009年出现大风、强风57天,2010年为101天,2011年为38天.11月大风、强风日数最多,1月次之;夏季大风、强风日数较少.从风向来看,北风、东北风的大风、强风日数最多.浮标站与沿海两站风场的对比表明,大风日,东北、东风瓦房店站的最大风速更接近浮标站,其他风向旅顺站接近浮标站;强风日,8个风向都是旅顺站相对接近浮标站.从风速差最大值来看,沿海站比浮标站小2～4级.大风日与强风日的对比表明,大风日沿海站的风速更接近浮标站.对极大风速而言,沿海站与浮标站的风速相差较小,旅顺站的风速更接近浮标站.不同的大风过程由于影响系统不同,海陆风向风力会有很大的不同.但无论什么系统造成的大风,最大风速海陆差异都比极大风速海陆差异明显,最大风速海陆差异最小1级,最大5级,而极大风速只差1级左右.当北路、西路冷空气造成大风时,瓦房店站的风速更接近浮标站,最大风速小1～2级,极大风速小1级;当地面低压(包括热带气旋)造成南大风时,3个测站差别不大,最大风速小1级,极大风速相近. 相似文献
4.
以2001-2008年问进入广西影响区域界线的24个热带气旋对防城港市造成的影响作对比分析,找出几类天气与热带气旋的中心强度、位置和移动路径的关系,并探讨防城港市出现台风暴雨和强风天气与热带气旋进入广西影响线后时间先后的联系. 相似文献
5.
文章分析了１９９６年第１７号台风ＴＯＭ演变成温带气旋的某些特征。结果指出：台风ＴＯＭ演变为温带气旋没有新鲜冷空气侵入，而属于中，低纬天气系统之间相互作用引起的锋生现象；文章揭示了台风外围西北侧出现的远远超过风暴中心最大风速的特强偏北大风后对强风的成因进行了初步分析；指出这是由台风环流，梯度风和静止锋共同作用的结果。 相似文献
6.
西沙海区是我国受热带气旋影响最频繁的海区之一，全年除2月份外，各月均有热带气旋影响。由于西沙海区是南海的主要交通枢纽，了解西沙海区热带气旋的活动规律及做好该海区的热带气旋预报，具有重要的经济和国防意义。本文在统计分析1949～1995年西沙海区热带气旋活动规律的基础上，根据天气预报的多层递阶方法卜」的基本思路——将天气系统看成是随机动态的时变系统，把对天气系统的状态预报分成两步。首先对系统的时变参数进行预报，然后再对系统的状态进行预报。为了改进目前多层递阶方法中大多采用仅有预报因子的线性单输出系统模型存… 相似文献
7.
利用2010～2016年中国地面站重要天气报文、中国气象局（CMA）热带气旋最佳路径数据集以及地面站逐小时降水资料，对热带气旋（TC）影响下我国东南地区地面大风及其伴随天气特征进行统计分析，结果表明：（1）该区域TC大风主要沿海岸线分布，至内陆频次递减；TC大风多以东北风向为主，登陆前大风站点居多，12级以上的强风速基本分布在距TC中心300 km范围内。（2）强热带风暴（STS）和台风（TY）强度TC引起的站点大风最多，但16级以上大风主要出现在强台风（STY）和超强台风（Super TY）强度等级。慢速TC引起的站点大风主要出现其移向右前侧，快速主要出现在其右后侧。TC大风中向岸风均值略大于离岸风，其中12级以上风速向岸风站点多于离岸风，但16级以上大风则是离岸风站点明显多于向岸风。（3）约89.8%的TC大风伴随降水，分布于TC中心附近，东北风为主，峰值出现在8月。约10.2%的TC大风无降水，主要分布在TC外围，北风和东南风为主，风速较弱，多出现于5月和12月。12级以上TC大风几乎均伴随着降水，而无降水TC大风风速达12级以上样本很少。（4）约23.8%的TC大风伴随强对流天... 相似文献
8.
2019年秋季（9—11月）大气环流特征为：北半球极涡呈绕极型分布,中高纬度环流呈4波型。随月份增加,欧亚大陆中高纬度环流的经向度不断加大,冷空气势力增强,但仍较历史平均偏弱。西太平洋副热带高压较历史平均偏强,热带气旋活动频繁。我国近海出现了17 次8级以上大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程有9次,热带气旋大风过程4次,冷空气与热带气旋共同影响的大风天气过程3次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程1次。西北太平洋和南海共生成16个热带气旋,全球其他海域生成热带气旋 27个。我国近海浪高在2 m以上的海浪过程有9次。秋季,我国近海海域海面温度逐月下降,北部海域的降温幅度明显大于南部海域。 相似文献
9.
10.
热带气旋外围环流和广州灾害性高温关系的研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
利用1983-2004年6-9月常规天气资料、广州单站数据和此期间热带气旋年鉴资料、NCEP／NCAR再分析资料，并定义连续3天或以上日最高气温≥35℃为一次灾害性高温天气过程，对广州灾害性高温天气和热带气旋活动的关系进行了分析，结果发现：（1）广州市的灾害性高温天气的出现和热带气旋外围环流紧密相关，且37℃以上的灾害性高温天气主要出现在广州市东南或偏东方向400—1600km范围内的洋面或海面有热带气旋活动时；（2）副热带高压控制下的强烈太阳辐射是广州灾害性高温出现的基础，而热带气旋外围下沉气流导致的强下沉增温是重要因素。 相似文献
11.
In this study, coastal gales and rainfall attributed to the landfall of Typhoon Soudelor (2015) are analyzed based on observational dense automatic weather stations data, advanced scatterometer-retrieved 10-m ocean surface wind data and simulations using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. This study focuses on gale bands in the right-front quadrant of the typhoon and associated coastal winds over Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces in China before the landfall of the typhoon. The results are summarized as follows. (1) 10-m surface wind data from automatic weather stations over land and islands, advanced scatterometer-retrieved 10-m ocean surface wind data, and the WRF simulation indicate similar mesoscale offshore gales. (2) The model simulation with a 333-m grid mesh indicates a gale zone over the right-front quadrant of the typhoon; the gale is “broken” over the coastal areas, and formed an inhomogeneous gale band. (3) The model-simulated winds agree well with the island observations. (4) Non-uniform gales over boundary layers result in horizontal wind-speed gradients and strong convergence that favors the development of convection and the maintenance of ocean surface gales. 相似文献
12.
Abstract The Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP) provided an opportunity for comparing two quite different remote‐sensing approaches to the detection of precipitation: radar backscatter and ambient ocean sound. Several of the gales passing the observation area during CASP produced substantial precipitation with the periods of radar backscatter showing close coincidence with simultaneous acoustic signals. The ambient sound record most readily yields an indication of precipitation from shifts in spectral slope. An important result of the experiment is the demonstration that an identifiable precipitation signal occurs even in strong wind conditions. The surface bubble layer formed during strong winds only partially attenuates the higher frequency acoustic components generated by precipitation. During rain‐free periods the attenuation can be interpreted in terms of the bubble size distribution. 相似文献
13.
The possibility of using a nonlinear empirical atmospheric model for hybrid coupled atmosphere-ocean modelling has been examined
by using a neural network (NN) model for predicting the contemporaneous wind stress field from the upper ocean state. Upper
ocean heat content (HC) from a 6-layer ocean model was a better predictor of the wind stress than the (observed or modelled)
sea surface temperature (SST). Our results showed that the NN model generally had slightly better skills in predicting the
contemporaneous wind stress than the linear regression (LR) model in the off-equatorial tropical Pacific and in the eastern
equatorial Pacific. When the wind stresses from the NN and LR models were used to drive the ocean model, slightly better SST
skills were found in the off-equatorial tropical Pacific and in the eastern equatorial Pacific when the NN winds were used
instead of the LR winds. Better skills for the model HC were found in the western and central equatorial Pacific when the
NN winds were used instead of the LR winds. Why NN failed to show more significant improvement over LR in the equatorial Pacific
for the wind stress and SST is probably because the relationship between the surface ocean and the atmosphere in the equatorial
Pacific over the seasonal time scale is almost linear.
Received: 2 March 1999 / Accepted: 13 July 2000 相似文献
14.
利用舟山市1994—2003年的实测风资料分5类统计了舟山群岛冬半年大风的发生规律。对一次冷空气个例进行诊断分析结果表明:大风是强冷平流、高空急流、动量下传等共同作用的结果。对一次低气压引起的大风的分析认为涡度平流、温度平流、潜热释放对低压发展有重大贡献。根据大风的成因和预报经验选择有关物理量进行t统计分析, 选择有异常表现的物理量作预报因子。最后用人工神经网络方法建立预报模型, 并进行了试报, 试报误差都在4.5 m/s以下。 相似文献
15.
2020年夏季（6—8月）,北半球极涡呈现明显的单极型分布,极涡主体位于北极圈内,中心偏向东半球,中高纬环流呈现4波型分布。6—7月,西太平洋副热带高压较常年平均偏强,且位置偏西偏南,不利于热带气旋活动。2020年夏季共有8个热带气旋在西北太平洋和南海生成,其中7月没有热带气旋生成。除西北太平洋和南海之外,其他热带洋面另有20个热带气旋生成,其中北大西洋11个,东太平洋8个,北印度洋1个。受偏南暖湿气流的影响,我国北方海域多海雾天气。同时受入海气旋活动影响,多海上大风过程。夏季近海海域共出现了7次比较明显的海雾过程,其中6月3次,7月1次,8月3次。大风过程出现了10次, 2次由热带气旋影响,7次与入海气旋活动有关。发生2 m以上的大浪过程12次,6—8月分别出现了4次、5次和3次。 相似文献
16.
Arctic forcing of decadal variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean in a high-resolution global coupled GCM 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kristopher B. Karnauskas 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(11-12):3375-3388
The hypothesis that northern high-latitude atmospheric variability influences decadal variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean by modulating the wind jet blowing over the Gulf of Tehuantepec (GT) is examined using the high-resolution configuration of the MIROC 3.2 global coupled model. The model is shown to have acceptable skill in replicating the spatial pattern, strength, seasonality, and time scale of observed GT wind events. The decadal variability of the simulated GT winds in a 100-year control integration is driven by the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The regional impacts of the GT winds include strong sea surface cooling, increased salinity, and the generation of westward-propagating anticyclonic eddies, also consistent with observations. However, significant nonlocal effects also emerge in concert with the low-frequency variability of the GT winds, including anomalously low upper ocean heat content (OHC) in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. It is suggested that the mesoscale eddies generated by the wind stress curl signature of the GT winds, which propagate several thousand kilometers toward the central Pacific, contribute to this anomaly by strengthening the meridional overturning associated with the northern subtropical cell. A parallel mechanism for the decadal OHC variability is considered by examining the Ekman and Sverdrup transports inferred from the atmospheric circulation anomalies in the northern midlatitude Pacific directly associated with the AO. 相似文献
17.
湖北三类组织形态强对流系统造成的地面强对流大风特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用湖北省2012~2017年区域自动站、天气雷达和周边探空站观测资料,对三类不同组织形态的中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System, MCS)(线性MCS、非线性MCS和孤立对流风暴)造成的地面强风(极大风速≥17 m/s)的时空分布、移动与传播、对流环境特征等方面进行了统计对比分析,并结合个例讨论了地面入流大风的成因及其对对流系统发展、组织的影响。结果表明:(1)大量的非线性MCS可能是由更早发生在山区和丘陵的孤立对流风暴向平原地区移动过程中组织形成的,孤立对流风暴造成的地面大风出现的峰值时间在17:00(北京时,下同)前后,非线性MCS地面大风的峰值时间在19:00左右;线性MCS造成的强对流大风主要出现在平原地区。(2)非线性MCS和孤立对流风暴是造成湖北省地面大风的主导系统,其中,非线性MCS造成的地面大风站次数占强对流大风站次总数的41.9%,而39.3%的地面强对流大风站次是由孤立对流风暴造成的。(3)虽然大于17 m/s的地面入流大风占所有强对流大风的比例很小,但存在地面入流大风的强对流系统的影响范围、持续时间均远大于同一类型对流系统的平均值。基于一次长生命史线性MCS(飑线)造成强对流大风事件的分析表明:雷暴系统前侧的地面入流大风是由对流强烈发展造成,这支暖湿入流又进一步增强了对流风暴的发展,同时地面入流大风的形成进一步加强了垂直风切变,因而强的地面入流更有利于对流系统的组织化发展。(4)虽然暖季强对流系统的平均引导气流均以西南风为主,但线性MCS主要自西向东移动、非线性MCS以自西南向东北移动为主、孤立对流风暴的移动方向则更具多样性,也更易出现后向传播现象。孤立对流风暴相对组织化的强对流系统而言,往往发生在更不稳定或更干的层结大气中,且环境垂直风切变更弱、风速更小。 相似文献
18.
Recent climatic trends in the tropical Atlantic 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Jacques Servain Guy Caniaux Yves K. Kouadio Michael J. McPhaden Moacyr Araujo 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(11):3071-3089
A homogeneous monthly data set of sea surface temperature (SST) and pseudo wind stress based on in situ observations is used to investigate the climatic trends over the tropical Atlantic during the last five decades (1964–2012). After a decrease of SST by about 1 °C during 1964–1975, most apparent in the northern tropical region, the entire tropical basin warmed up. That warming was the most substantial (>1 °C) in the eastern tropical ocean and in the longitudinal band of the intertropical convergence zone. Surprisingly, the trade wind system also strengthened over the peirod 1964–2012. Complementary information extracted from other observational data sources confirms the simultaneity of SST warming and the strengthening of the surface winds. Examining data sets of surface heat flux during the last few decades for the same region, we find that the SST warming was not a consequence of atmospheric heat flux forcing. Conversely, we suggest that long-term SST warming drives changes in atmosphere parameters at the sea surface, most notably an increase in latent heat flux, and that an acceleration of the hydrological cycle induces a strengthening of the trade winds and an acceleration of the Hadley circulation. These trends are also accompanied by rising sea levels and upper ocean heat content over similar multi-decadal time scales in the tropical Atlantic. Though more work is needed to fully understand these long term trends, especially what happens from the mid-1970’s, it is likely that changes in ocean circulation involving some combination of the Atlantic meridional overtuning circulation and the subtropical cells are required to explain the observations. 相似文献
19.
—Upper ocean thermal data and surface marine observations are used to describe the three-dimensional, basinwide co-evolution
of interannual variability in the tropical Pacific climate system. The phase propagation behavior differs greatly from atmosphere
to ocean, and from equatorial to off-equatorial and from sea surface to subsurface depths in the ocean. Variations in surface
zonal winds and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) exhibit a standing pattern without obvious zonal phase propagation. A nonequilibrium
ocean response at subsurface depths is evident, characterized by coherent zonal and meridional propagating anomalies around
the tropical North Pacific: eastward on the equator but westward off the equator. Depending on geographic location, there
are clear phase relations among various anomaly fields. Surface zonal winds and SSTs in the equatorial region fluctuate approximately
in-phase in time, but have phase differences in space. Along the equator, zonal mean thermocline depth (or heat content) anomalies
are in nonequilibrium with the zonal wind stress forcing. Variations in SSTs are not in equilibrium either with subsurface
thermocline changes in the central and western equatorial Pacific, with the former lagging the latter and displaced to the
east. Due to its phase relations to SST and winds, the basinwide temperature anomaly evolution at thermocline depths on an
interannual time scale may determine the slow physics of ENSO, and play a central role in initiating and terminating coupled
air-sea interaction. This observed basinwide phase propagation of subsurface anomaly patterns can be understood partially
as water discharge processes from the western Pacific to the east and further to high latitudes, and partially by the modified
delayed oscillator physics.
Received: 17 January 1997 / Accepted: 10 March 1998 相似文献
20.
利用常规地面高空观测资料、地面自动站资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2017年秋季发生在河北省中部的一次由飑线引发的雷暴大风天气进行分析。结果表明：本次雷暴大风过程发生在高空冷涡底部,槽后冷空气与低层暖平流叠加配合地面冷锋的有利天气背景下,由飑线回波直接造成。环境条件中水汽和热力达到了中国华北地区产生强雷暴大风的平均值,大气温度直减率和垂直风切变比夏季更适宜,但能量不如夏季充足。飑线的强度、形态与夏季产生雷暴大风的雷达回波特征无异,但依据低层径向速度大值区预警秋季飑线大风需提高阈值。秋季飑线过程中地面同样伴随风场辐合、雷暴高压等中尺度系统,冷池密度流作用有利于地面大风产生。 相似文献