共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
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W. G. Tifft 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1996,244(1-2):187-210
Starting from a model of 3-d time in units of the Planck energy, it is possible to model fundamental particles and forces. Masses are associated with 3-d volumes of time; forces are related to 4-d space-time structures from which the fine structure constant can be derived. Fundamental particles may then be assembled into larger objects, up to galaxies, within which special relativity is satisfied. The component parts of an object retain a common quantized temporal structure which appears to link the spatially distributed parts together. The flow of time is associated with a flow of the common temporal structure within a general 3-d temporal space. Each galaxy evolves along a 1-d timeline such that within a given galaxy standard 4-d space-time physics is satisfied. The model deviates from ordinary physics by associating different galaxies with independent timelines within a general 3-d temporal space. These timelines diverge from a common origin and can have different flow rates for different classes of objects. The common origin is consistent with standard cosmology. The radius of temporal space replaces the standard radius of curvature in describing redshifts seen when photons transfer between objects on different timelines. Redshift quantization, discordant redshifts, and other observed cosmological phenomena are natural consequences of this type of model. 相似文献
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V. Yu. Terebizh 《Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory》2010,106(1):103-126
Characteristic features of the probabilistic models used in classical mechanics, statistical physics, and quantum theory are
discussed. The viewpoint according to which there is no room for probabilities in Nature, as such, is consistently substantiated;
the researcher is forced to introduce probabilistic concepts and the corresponding models in conditions that provide only
partial predictability of the phenomena being studied. This approach allows one to achieve a consistent interpretation of
some important physical phenomena, in particular, the relationship between instability and irreversibility in time, the stochastic
evolution of systems in the theory of deterministic chaos, Boltzmann’s H-theorem, and paradoxes of quantum mechanics. 相似文献
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R. D. Bentley 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2009,104(1-4):87-91
Heliophysics is a new discipline that studies of the effect of the Sun on the Solar System and spans a number of existing scientific domains—solar physics, heliospheric physics, and magnetospheric and ionospheric physics. In order to build a virtual observatory for heliophysics we have to find ways to conduct searches that span the domains and track the evolution of phenomena in 4 dimensions as they propagate through interplanetary space. To facilitate this it will be necessary to improve the quality of the metadata that are used in the search and to describe the observations. We describe some of the issues and how these can be addressed. 相似文献
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The aurora and other phenomena in near Earth space are becoming a considerable part of the science curriculum in upper secondary school (high school) in Norway. Introducing scientific methods to the young students is an important objective of the education, but experimental experience is mainly restricted to simple laboratory exercises under controlled conditions; observations of uncontrollable natural phenomena are generally left to academic scientists and researchers. The Space Physics Group and The Science Education and Outreach Group at The Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, are constructing a Space Science Suitcase with a set of simple versions of instruments for monitoring solar and geophysical activity in near Earth space. The instruments will be lent to physics classes in upper secondary schools. 相似文献
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应用当代物理学中的量子化方法，将日—地空间量子化。借天体分层结构特征，对地震震级公式及天体引潮力激起的孤波储能触发地震的原理作了探索性讨论。 相似文献
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Marcoen J. T. F. Cabbolet 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,350(2):777-780
The measurement of the gravitational properties of antimatter is currently a hot research area in experimental physics. Using an outcome of QED calculations by Alves et al. (arXiv:0907.4110, 2009), this letter proves that QED and repulsive gravity are incompatible by showing that an extension of QED with the assumption of negative gravitational mass for antimatter yields a concrete prediction that is already falsified by the recent Eöt-Wash experiments: if repulsive gravity, and thus negative gravitational mass, would be observed by any of the upcoming experiments, then QED is thus experimentally falsified; the same goes for QCD. An immediate consequence is that virtual particle-antiparticle pairs from contemporary quantum theory cannot be a model for Hajdukovic’s virtual gravitational dipoles, nor for the dipolar medium of Blanchet and Le Tiec. There may be ways to reformulate quantum theory to restore consistency with experiment if repulsive gravity would be observed, but these involve a departure from the framework of four dimensions and four forces of nature: an observation of repulsive gravity would thus provide a reason to reject the quantum paradigm in its entirety and to search for new fundamental physics. 相似文献
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The Square Kilometre Array (SKA), when it becomes functional, is expected to enrich Neutron Star (NS) catalogues by at least an order of magnitude over their current state. This includes the discovery of new NS objects leading to better sampling of under-represented NS categories, precision measurements of intrinsic properties such as spin period and magnetic field, as also data on related phenomena such as microstructure, nulling, glitching, etc. This will present a unique opportunity to seek answers to interesting and fundamental questions about the extreme physics underlying these exotic objects in the Universe. In this paper, we first present a meta-analysis (from a methodological viewpoint) of statistical analyses performed using existing NS data, with a two-fold goal. First, this should bring out how statistical models and methods are shaped and dictated by the science problem being addressed. Second, it is hoped that these analyses will provide useful starting points for deeper analyses involving richer data from SKA whenever it becomes available. We also describe a few other areas of NS science which we believe will benefit from SKA which are of interest to the Indian NS community. 相似文献
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K. G. Strassmeier R. Pallavicini J. B. Rice M. I. Andersen F. M. Zerbi 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2004,325(4):278-298
We lay out the scientific rationale for and present the instrumental requirements of a high‐resolution adaptiveoptics Echelle spectrograph with two full‐Stokes polarimeters for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in Arizona. Magnetic processes just like those seen on the Sun and in the space environment of the Earth are now well recognized in many astrophysical areas. The application to other stars opened up a new field of research that became widely known as the solarstellar connection. Late‐type stars with convective envelopes are all affected by magnetic processes which give rise to a rich variety of phenomena on their surface and are largely responsible for the heating of their outer atmospheres. Magnetic fields are likely to play a crucial role in the accretion process of T‐Tauri stars as well as in the acceleration and collimation of jet‐like flows in young stellar objects (YSOs). Another area is the physics of active galactic nucleii (AGNs) , where the magnetic activity of the accreting black hole is now believed to be responsible for most of the behavior of these objects, including their X‐ray spectrum, their notoriously dramatic variability, and the powerful relativistic jets they produce. Another is the physics of the central engines of cosmic gamma‐ray bursts, the most powerful explosions in the universe, for which the extreme apparent energy release are explained through the collimation of the released energy by magnetic fields. Virtually all the physics of magnetic fields exploited in astrophysics is somehow linked to our understanding of the Sun's and the star's magnetic fields. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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G. T. Ter-Kazarian 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1992,194(1):1-129
Different in principle from the contemporary standard black hole accretion models, a new approach to the understanding of the internal structure of highly compact stationary supermassive celestial bodies has been worked out. The equations of equilibrium configurations of baryonic protomatter (ECBP) have been discussed. In a particular case of ideal degenerated neutron gas in absence of a process of inner distortion of the space and time, it has been shown that the theory suggested by Ter-Kazarian (1989c) leads to the same results as those obtained by Oppenheimer and Volkoff (1939) based on Einstein's theory. The numerical integration of equations of ECBP in the most simple case of equilibrium single-component configurations of degenerated ideal gas of neutrons in a presence of one-dimensional space-like inner distortion of space-time continuum is carried out. It has been shown that the stable stationary supermassive cores are formed in the central parts of the considered configurations. As the models of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) one has considered only the configurations that consisted of these cores surrounded by accretion disks. The fundamental difference from the standard black-hole accretion models is the fact that the central cores are in a stable equilibrium state with certain radial distributions of density and pressure and with a number of integral characteristics. The significant effect of metric singularity cut-off has been established, due to the action of which a singularity of metric ceased to be significant. The numerous integrations have also revealed the other fact of great importance, the presence within the outlined theory of a rigorous restriction on the upper limit of possible values of total masses of considered equilibrium configurations, which is to beM3.5×108
M
. In the last section one has proceeded to the direct modelling of concrete AGNs (for 61 sources), the whole point of which comes to the solving of the inverse problem. The results of all calculations that have been carried out in the present work are summarized in Tables I–VII and represented by means of numerous figures. Finally, one should emphasize the important fact of the existence of BL Lac objects OJ 287, 3C 66A, and B2 1308+32, the observed time-scale for flux variations of which are inconsistent with contemporary black hole aceretion models. The case is quite different within the scope of the suggested theory. It seems that a decisive significance for these objects has the action of metric singularity cut-off effect. Due to this their observed sizes are less than the sizes of corresponding spheres of the event horizon. This may serve as a further indication that the suggested theory is preferable to the standard models. 相似文献
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R. H. Miller 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1988,45(1-3):19-26
Computation and a wealth of new observational techniques have reinvigorated dynamical studies of galaxies and star clusters. These objects are examples of the gravitationaln-body problem withn in the range from a few hundred to 1011. Relaxation effects dominate at the low end and are completely negligible at the high end. The gravitationaln-body problem is chaotic, and the principal challenge in doing physics where that problem is involved (whether computationally or with analytic theory) is to ensure that chaos has not vitiated the results. Enforcing a Liouville theorem accomplishes this with collision-free large-n problems, but equivalent recipes are not in common use for smallern. We describe some important insights and discoveries that have come from computation in stellar dynamics, discuss chaos briefly, and indicate the way the physics that comes up in different astronomical contexts is addressed in numerical methods currently in use. Graphics is a vital part of any computational approach. The long range prospects are very promising for continued high scientific productivity in stellar dynamics. 相似文献
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Stjepan Selak 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1984,107(2):357-371
By assuming that the whole matter of the Universe possesses a dilatational degree of freedom, we attempted to show the equivalence between the curvedmetric of space-time and the flat metric of dilated space-time. In the framework of this procedure we supposed that the metrical field and the physical space and time change their roles. The basic result suggests that gravitation and dilatation are interrelated phenomena. In addition we discuss the possibility of the Universe which is of a hybrid type: it possesses at the same time properties of the evolutionary and stationary Universe. Finally, we discuss the lenghtening of day in time as an example which can support our ideas. There was suggested that this phenomenon appears partly as cosmological manifestation. 相似文献
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H. A. Harutyunyan 《Astrophysics》2009,52(3):307-321
Ambartsumian’s paradigm for the creation of galaxies owing to the decay of denser matter is examined. The roots of this concept
can be found in the very earliest papers of Ambartsumian on quantum fields and the structure of atomic nuclei. In the early
1930’s his papers contained new ideas regarding the ejection by one physical object of another which had not originally existed
inside the first. The basic observational data which served as the basis for the final formulation of the new concept are
described. Special attention is devoted to those objects and phenomena, which, upon further study, have confirmed the validity
of Ambartsumian’s reasoning and arguments. It is noted that the discovery of Hubble expansion’s acceleration of the universe
opened up new possibilities for the interpretation of activity phenomena in terms of Ambartsumian’s concept. The further extension
of this concept is discussed and it is suggested that the major result of this approach should be the proof of the existence
of galaxies of all ages within a finite volume of space. 相似文献
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The acceleration of the expansion of the Universe which has been identified in recent years has deep connections with some of the most central issues in fundamental physics. At present, the most plausible explanation is some form of vacuum energy. The puzzle of vacuum energy is a central question which lies at the interface between quantum theory and general relativity. Solving it will presumably require to construct a quantum theory of gravity and a correspondingly consistent picture of spacetime. To account for the acceleration of the expansion, one may also think of more dynamical forms of energy, what is known as dark energy, or modifications of gravity. In what follows, we review the vacuum energy problem as well as the basic models for dark energy or modification of gravity. We emphasize the conceptual aspects rather than the techniques involved. We also discuss the difficulties encountered in each approach. This review is intended for astrophysicists or physicists not specialized in particle physics, who are interested in apprehending the issues at stake in fundamental physics. 相似文献
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We consider a particular effect which can be expected in scenarios of deviations from special relativity induced by Planckian physics: the loss of additivity in the total energy of a system of particles. We argue about the necessity to introduce a length scale to control the effects of non-additivity for macroscopic objects and consider white dwarfs as an appropriate laboratory to test this kind of new physics. We study the sensitivity of the mass-radius relation of the Chandrasekhar model to these corrections by comparing the output of a simple phenomenological model to observational data of white dwarfs. 相似文献
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Kunitomo Sakurai 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1974,28(2):375-519
This paper discusses solar cosmic ray phenomena and related topics from the solar physical point of view. Basic physics of the solar atmosphere and solar flare phenomena are, therefore, considered in some detail. Since solar cosmic rays are usually produced by solar flares, we must first understand the processes and mechanism of solar flares, especially the so-called proton flares, in order to understand the acceleration mechanism of solar cosmic rays and their behaviour in both the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space. For this reason, detailed discussion is given on various phenomena associated with solar flares, proton flare characteristics, and the mechanism of solar flares.Since the discovery of solar cosmic rays by Forbush, the interplanetary space has been thought of as medium in which solar cosmic rays propagate. In this paper, the propagation of solar cosmic rays in this space is, therefore, discussed briefly by referring to the observed magnetic properties of this space. Finally, some problems related to the physics of galactic cosmic rays are discussed.Astrophysics and Space Science Review Paper. 相似文献
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高能宇宙线的起源、加速和传播是重大的前沿科学问题,回答该问题需要对宇宙线的能谱、各向异性以及各类高能天体电磁辐射进行精确观测.通过空间粒子探测器对宇宙线各成分能谱的直接测量是研究宇宙线物理问题的重要手段.中国于2015年底发射并持续运行至今的暗物质粒子探测卫星以其大接受度、高能量分辨率等特点,在宇宙线直接探测方面取得了系列重要成果,揭示出质子、氦核、硼碳和硼氧比例等宇宙线能谱的新结构,为理解宇宙线起源等科学问题提供了新的依据.介绍了暗物质粒子探测卫星的仪器设置、运行状况、科学成果及其物理意义. 相似文献
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Shenglin Cao 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,208(2):191-203
In relation to some interesting subjects in the process of evolution of the universe, the nature of Finsler space-time and its cosmological implications are discussed. It is shown that the natures of the universal evolution could be attributed to the geometric features of the Finsler space-time. Based upon the theory of the singularities and bifurcation of caustics in the 3-dimensional space, galaxy formation and the large scale structure of the universe are also discussed. Electrons in the hot gas created by pancake shocks can upscatter photons in CBR, causing spectral distortions, and the largest scale of pancake limited by COBE observation would be 20 Mpc atz = 5, and 80 Mpc atz = 1.The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
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The connection between avalanche dynamics and space physics has been studied for several years. In that context we recently suggested an avalanche model which explains the phenomena of reconnection. In this work the model is generalized to include the influence of an extremely strong perturbation, reflecting the effect of plasma storms originating from the sun. In addition, we allow for diffusion processes and show that the behavior changes with the onset of diffusion processes, rendering it quasi-periodic, along with the supression of small-size avalanches. 相似文献