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生物、有机质成矿作用是目前国际成矿作用研究前沿领域。本文以我国典型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床——十红滩铀矿床为研究对象，分析了矿床的有机质、微生物地球化学特征，探讨了有机质和微生物的相互作用。认为好氧微生物积极地参与了矿床层间氧化带的形成和铀的活化迁移。在氧化还原过渡带，硫酸盐还原菌利用有机质生物化学作用的产物——轻烃和可溶有机物作为碳源，使容矿层地下水中硫酸盐发生还原作用形成硫化氢，地下水Eh降低和pH向弱酸性转化，导致铀的还原成矿和吸附成矿作用，有机质和微生物的相互作用控制着该矿床铀的成矿作用。 相似文献
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生物、有机质成矿作用是目前国际成矿作用研究前沿领域。本文以我国典型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床——吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿床为研究对象,分析了矿床的有机质、微生物地球化学特征,探讨了有机质和微生物的相互作用。认为好氧微生物积极地参与了矿床层间氧化带的形成。氧化带铁的生物氧化作用催化了铀的氧化、溶解以及迁移,为铀成矿提供了重要的铀源条件。在氧化还原过渡带,硫酸盐还原菌利用有机质生物化学作用的产物——轻烃和可溶有机物作为碳源,使容矿层地下水中硫酸盐发生还原作用形成硫化氢,地下水Eh降低和pH向弱酸性转化,导致铀的还原成矿和吸附成矿作用,有机质和微生物的相互作用对矿床的形成具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
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我国北西部地区层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床微生物与铀成矿作用研究初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床中微生物参与成矿现象和微生物活动证据越来越多,表明微生物对当今我国主攻的层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床的形成起重要作用。本文利用分子生物学、活菌培养和实验室模拟等方法对新疆十红滩和蒙其古尔两个典型砂岩型铀矿床中微生物与铀成矿作用关系进行了探讨,结果表明不同地球化学环境带岩石中主要微生物类群的分布特征不同,表现出明显的生物地球化学分带性,从氧化带到还原带,喜氧菌数量逐渐减少,厌氧菌数量递增,各带细菌的分布受容矿层中有机碳含量、铁的存在形式及含量、所赋存地下水的溶解氧和硫酸盐含量等的控制。微生物对铀成矿的影响是综合性的,同时也受到各种环境因素的制约,微生物之间也存在着共生、互生、竞争和拮抗的关系,从而影响着矿床的发育。该类铀矿床微生物富集铀的机制是以间接的非代谢性生物吸附为主,而代谢性富集机制则是次要的。 相似文献
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通过样品采集、细菌培养和鉴定等,首次在中国大型的十红滩层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床容矿层中发现不同种群的细菌。氧化带主要分布铁细菌、硫杆菌、硝化菌等好氧菌,矿石带主要分布厌氧的硫酸盐还原菌,其种类和数量上具明显的生物地球化学分带性,并与岩石的地球化学分带性一致。首次利用容矿层的硫酸盐还原菌在室内进行了硫酸盐还原试验。根据细菌的代谢特征,结合硫酸盐还原菌还原试验,分析了细菌在层间氧化带形成、铀氧化迁移和还原成矿过程中的作用。 相似文献
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吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿床有机地球化学特征浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿床属层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床,赋存于中侏罗统西山窑组含煤碎屑岩中。容矿层岩石中富含有机质,有机碳、可溶有机物、酸解吸附烃在不同地球化学分带的岩石中含量大小不同,尤以矿石带含量最高。矿石有机质母质类型为腐殖型,处于未成熟演化阶段,酸解吸附烃为煤成气型。统计计算表明:容矿层中铀和可溶有机物、酸解吸附烃含量之间具明显的相关关系。分析了有机质在砂岩型铀矿床形成过程中的作用,认为容矿层中有机质在含氧环境下分解的产物利于铀在水中的溶解和迁移,而在缺氧条件下分解的产物,构成铀沉淀的还原和吸附地球化学障,在铀的成矿过程中发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
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新疆十红滩砂岩型铀矿床基本特征及成因分析 总被引：29，自引：9，他引：29
新疆十红滩铀矿床是中国近年发现的层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿床。该矿床位于吐鲁番—哈密盆地西南部的艾丁湖斜坡带西侧,赋矿地层为中侏罗统西山窑组辫状河—曲流河相的含煤碎屑岩系;矿体严格受发育于河道砂体中的层间氧化带前锋线控制,矿体形态呈卷状或板状;含矿岩石主要为灰—深灰色疏松和次疏松细—粗粒长石石英砂岩,铀主要以吸附形式存在;全岩Pb同位素测定的主成矿年龄为24 Ma。研究认为:晚侏罗世后,持续干热气候条件下,层间氧化带的充分发育,高含氧水在富铀地层砂体中持续向前运移,在富还原剂地球化学障形成铀沉淀富集,是该铀矿床的成因。 相似文献
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十红滩铀矿床形成于新疆吐哈盆地西南缘艾丁湖斜坡带的中侏罗统西山窑组河流相砂岩中,属典型的层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床.物相分析表明,容矿层中铁的存在形式分别为FeCO3、Fe2 O3、硅酸盐铁和FeS2,其含量在各地球化学亚带间发生有规律的变化.黄铁矿是容矿层二价铁的主要形式,具有两期成因特点,属硫酸盐微生物还原作用的产物.分析了铁的地球化学行为在铀成矿过程中的作用,认为在氧化带铁的氧化作用催化了铀的氧化、溶解以及迁移,为铀成矿提供了重要的铀源条件.矿石带中黄铁矿在铀成矿过程中发挥着吸附剂的作用,其与沥青铀矿等具有同成因特点. 相似文献
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十红滩铀矿床中微生物种类多样性及生态分布规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用生物学方法对新疆十红滩砂岩型铀矿各亚带矿石中参与C、N、S、Fe、O等元素循环的主要微生物菌群进行了研究.结果表明:在铀矿床中赋存着硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁细菌(IB)、硫杆菌、硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、芽孢菌等各类细菌.其中sRB种类较多,主要为脱硫弧菌属、脱硫肠状菌属、脱磺单胞菌属、脱硫杆菌性等.IB主要为鞘铁菌属、球衣菌属、瑙曼氏菌属和赭菌属.硫杆菌包括氧化硫硫杆菌、氧化亚铁硫杆菌、排硫硫杆菌、脱氮硫杆菌.硝化细菌主要为硝化杆菌属.亚硝化细菌主要为亚硝化单孢菌属.异养反硝化细菌为施氏假单胞菌和类鼻疽假单胞菌,自养反硝化细菌为脱氮硫杆菌.芽孢杆菌包括巨大芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、侧孢芽孢杆菌、蜂房芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌.实验证明:各类细菌的种类和数量在铀矿床的空间分布上存在着一定的规律性对铀矿床的地球化学分带性具有一定的指示作用. 相似文献
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Evidence of uranium biomineralization in sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, northwestern China 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
We show evidence that the primary uranium minerals, uraninite and coffinite, from high-grade ore samples (U3O8>0.3%) in the Wuyiyi, Wuyier, and Wuyisan sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, Xinjiang, northwestern China were biogenically precipitated and psuedomorphically replace fungi and bacteria. Uranium (VI), which was the sole electron acceptor, was likely to have been enzymically reduced. Post-mortem accumulation of uranium may have also occurred through physio-chemical interaction between uranium and negatively-charged cellular sites, and inorganic adsorption or precipitation reactions. These results suggest that microorganisms may have played a key role in formation of the sandstone- or roll-type uranium deposits, which are among the most economically significant uranium deposits in the world. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):167-179
Unusual mineral structures have recently been found in a sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposit in the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the Shashagetai deposit, the northern Ordos basin, NW China. The structures possess a chemical composition and crystal structure characteristic of mineral coffinite [(USiO4)1−x(OH)4x], which occurs as nanoparticles with size ranging from 5 to 25 nm. These structures are interpreted to be fossilized microorganisms, based on mineralogical biosignatures including morphology, size, occurrence of biogenic coffinite as nano-crystals, and biological elements such as P. The intimate intergrowth of coffinite with secondary pyrite of bacterial origin, as defined by low δ34S values, and calcite cements with petroleum-derived carbon supports its biogenic origin. Oil inclusions in the host sandstone are characterized by abundant n-alkanes, slightly increased Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18 ratios, significant amounts of demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes, and the existence of unresolved complex mixtures. These characteristics are interpreted to be a result of mixing of an earlier, heavily degraded oil with a later charged fresh oil; subsequently the oils were slightly degraded. These lines of evidence lead to the proposal that the reduction of sulfate and oxidization of petroleum are likely synchronous with reduction of hexavalent [U(VI)] to tetravalent [U(IV)] uranium by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The discovery of a natural association of microorganism-like structures, a uranium mineral, and biodegraded petroleum has implications for uranium biomineralization and fossil fuel exploration. 相似文献
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相山铀矿田成矿作用的地球化学模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型热液铀矿田，在地质地球化学和高温高压实研究的基础上，利用地球化学模式程序ＥＱ３／６模拟了成矿热水溶液的形成过程和减压排泄区铀成矿作用。计算机模拟结果表明，通过大气降水与碎斑熔岩相互作用，可以形成富含Ｆ和ＳｉＯ２等矿化剂的含铀热水溶液；由于铀以ＵＯ２Ｆ＾３和ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３（＾２－３等配合形式存在，非常稳定，即使在深部强还原环境中仍能能够迁移；酸性和碱性环境，尤其是强酸性 相似文献
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Melanie J. Beazley Samuel M. Webb Martial Taillefert 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(19):5648-5663
The biomineralization of U(VI) phosphate as a result of microbial phosphatase activity is a promising new bioremediation approach to immobilize uranium in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In contrast to reduced uranium minerals such as uraninite, uranium phosphate precipitates are not susceptible to changes in oxidation conditions and may represent a long-term sink for uranium in contaminated environments. So far, the biomineralization of U(VI) phosphate has been demonstrated with pure cultures only. In this study, two uranium contaminated soils from the Department of Energy Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC) were amended with glycerol phosphate as model organophosphate source in small flow-through columns under aerobic conditions to determine whether natural phosphatase activity of indigenous soil bacteria was able to promote the precipitation of uranium(VI) at pH 5.5 and 7.0. High concentrations of phosphate (1-3 mM) were detected in the effluent of these columns at both pH compared to control columns amended with U(VI) only, suggesting that phosphatase-liberating microorganisms were readily stimulated by the organophosphate substrate. Net phosphate production rates were higher in the low pH soil (0.73 ± 0.17 mM d−1) compared to the circumneutral pH soil (0.43 ± 0.31 mM d−1), suggesting that non-specific acid phosphatase activity was expressed constitutively in these soils. A sequential solid-phase extraction scheme and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements were combined to demonstrate that U(VI) was primarily precipitated as uranyl phosphate minerals at low pH, whereas it was mainly adsorbed to iron oxides and partially precipitated as uranyl phosphate at circumneutral pH. These findings suggest that, in the presence of organophosphates, microbial phosphatase activity can contribute to uranium immobilization in both low and circumneutral pH soils through the formation of stable uranyl phosphate minerals. 相似文献