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1.
For short-period near-earthquake records in eastern China, from the empirical attenuation formula of coda ground motion amplitudeA with timeτ: lgA=G?2. 235 lgτ, using the single scattering theory modified with epicentral distance, we obtain the curve family of corrected coda amplitudeA c(r,t), andω/2Q c values for each time interval of coda. From this,Q c(f,h) values, which correspond to each observational average frequency and sampling depth, are calculated. The results substantially agree with those observationalQ c values in Yunnan, Beijing and central Asia.  相似文献   

2.
In the light of the single scattering model of coda originating from local earthquakes, and based on the aftershock coda registered respectively at the 4 short period stations installed near the foci shortly after theM7.6 Lancang andM7.2 Gengma earthquakes, this paper has tentatively calculated the rate of amplitude attenuation and theQ c-value of the coda in the Lancang and Gengma areas using a newly-founded synthetic determination method. Result of the study shows the rate of coda amplitude attenuation demonstrates remarkable regional differences respectively in the southern and northern areas. The southern area presents a faster attenuation (Q c=114), whereas the northern area shows a slower attenuation (Q c=231). The paper also discusses the reasons causing such differences. Result of the study also suggests a fairly good linear relation between the coda source factorA o(f) and the seismic moment and the magnitude. Using the earthquake scaling law, the following formulas can be derived: lgM 0=lgA 0(f)+17.6,M D=0.67lgA 0(f)+1.21 and logM 0=1.5M D+15.79. In addition, the rates of amplitude attenuationβ s andβ m are respectively calculated using the single scattering and multiple scattering models, and the ratioβ s/βm=1.20−1.50 is found for the results respectively from the two models. Finally, the mean free pathL of the S-wave scattering in the southern and northern areas are determined to be 54 km and 122 km respectively by the relations which can distinguish between the inherentQ i and scatteringQ s, testify to this areas having lowQ-values correspond to stronger scatterings. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 71–82, 1992. This study is partly supported by the Seismological Science Foundation of the State Seismological Bureau of China, and the present English version of the paper is translated from its Chinese original by Wenyi Xia, Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province.  相似文献   

3.
本文根据Aki等人提出的尾波理论,导出了地方震尾波水平分量与垂直分量的持续时间比的具体表达式: τ_H/τ_V=I_H/I_V(Q_H/Q_V)~(1/4)·B_H/B_V。该式表明,τ_H/τ_V的变化主要反映了震源体一定范围内,由于介质的各向异性而引起的尾波在不同方向上的激发及衰减能力的差异。本文还讨论了地震前τ_H/τ_V短临异常的物理机制,认为异常的产生与孕震期间介质内裂隙的出现和闭合有关。1986年门源6.4级地震和1975年海城7.3级地震前,τ_H/τ_V都有不同程度的短期低值异常及临震高值突跳。门源地震前后门源台记录的直达S波的最大振幅比A_(mH)/A_(mv)也有与尾波持续时间比类似的异常。最后通过对一些震例的分析,初步得到震级与异常时间的关系为M=0.657lnT+3.44。  相似文献   

4.
Small local earthquakes from two aftershock sequences in Porto dos Gaúchos, Amazon craton—Brazil, were used to estimate the coda wave attenuation in the frequency band of 1 to 24 Hz. The time-domain coda-decay method of a single backscattering model is employed to estimate frequency dependence of the quality factor (Q c) of coda waves modeled using Qc = Q0 fhQ_{\rm c} =Q_{\rm 0} f^\eta , where Q 0 is the coda quality factor at frequency of 1 Hz and η is the frequency parameter. We also used the independent frequency model approach (Morozov, Geophys J Int, 175:239–252, 2008), based in the temporal attenuation coefficient, χ(f) instead of Q(f), given by the equation c(f)=g+\fracpfQe \chi (f)\!=\!\gamma \!+\!\frac{\pi f}{Q_{\rm e} }, for the calculation of the geometrical attenuation (γ) and effective attenuation (Qe-1 )(Q_{\rm e}^{-1} ). Q c values have been computed at central frequencies (and band) of 1.5 (1–2), 3.0 (2–4), 6.0 (4–8), 9.0 (6–12), 12 (8–16), and 18 (12–24) Hz for five different datasets selected according to the geotectonic environment as well as the ability to sample shallow or deeper structures, particularly the sediments of the Parecis basin and the crystalline basement of the Amazon craton. For the Parecis basin Qc = (98±12)f(1.14±0.08)Q_{\rm c} =(98\pm 12)f^{(1.14\pm 0.08)}, for the surrounding shield Qc = (167±46)f(1.03±0.04)Q_{\rm c} =(167\pm 46)f^{(1.03\pm 0.04)}, and for the whole region of Porto dos Gaúchos Qc = (99±19)f(1.17±0.02)Q_{\rm c} =(99\pm 19)f^{(1.17\pm 0.02)}. Using the independent frequency model, we found: for the cratonic zone, γ = 0.014 s − 1, Qe-1 = 0.0001Q_{\rm e}^{-1} =0.0001, ν ≈ 1.12; for the basin zone with sediments of ~500 m, γ = 0.031 s − 1, Qe-1 = 0.0003Q_{\rm e}^{-1} =0.0003, ν ≈ 1.27; and for the Parecis basin with sediments of ~1,000 m, γ = 0.047 s − 1, Qe-1 = 0.0005Q_{\rm e}^{-1} =0.0005, ν ≈ 1.42. Analysis of the attenuation factor (Q c) for different values of the geometrical spreading parameter (ν) indicated that an increase of ν generally causes an increase in Q c, both in the basin as well as in the craton. But the differences in the attenuation between different geological environments are maintained for different models of geometrical spreading. It was shown that the energy of coda waves is attenuated more strongly in the sediments, Qc = (78±23)f(1.17±0.14)Q_{\rm c} =(78\pm 23)f^{(1.17\pm 0.14)} (in the deepest part of the basin), than in the basement, Qc = (167±46)f(1.03±0.04)Q_{\rm c} =(167\pm 46)f^{(1.03\pm 0.04)} (in the craton). Thus, the coda wave analysis can contribute to studies of geological structures in the upper crust, as the average coda quality factor is dependent on the thickness of sedimentary layer.  相似文献   

5.
We analyzed the local earthquakes waveform recorded on a broadband seismic network in the northwestern Himalayan Region to compute lapse time and frequency dependence of coda Q (Q c). The observed Q c values increase with increasing lapse time at all frequency bands. The increase in Q c values with lapse time is attributed to an increase in Q c with depth. This implies that attenuation decreases with increasing depth. The approximate radius of medium contributing to coda generation varies from 55 to 130 km. By comparing the Q c values with those from other regions of the world, we find that they are similar to those obtained from tectonically active regions. The estimated Q c values show a frequency-dependent relationship, Q c = Q 0 f n , where Q 0 is Q c at 1 Hz and n represents degree of frequency dependence. They represent the level of heterogeneity and tectonic activity in an area. Our results show that northwest Himalayas are highly heterogeneous and tectonically very active. Q 0 increases from 113 ± 7 to 243 ± 10 and n decreases from 1.01 ± 0.05 to 0.85 ± 0.03 when lapse time increases from 30 to 70 s. As larger time window sees the effect of deeper part of the Earth, it is concluded that Q 0 increases and n decreases with increasing depth; i.e., heterogeneity decreases with depth in the study area.  相似文献   

6.
The seismic quality factor (Q c) and the attenuation coefficient (δ) in the earth’s crust in southwest (SW) Anatolia are estimated by using the coda wave method based on the decrease of coda wave amplitude by time on the seismogram. The quality factor Q o, the value of Q c at 1 Hz, and its frequency dependency η are determined from this method depending on the attenuation properties of scattered coda waves. δ is determined from the observations of amplitude variations of seismic waves. In applying the coda wave method, firstly, a type curve representing the average pattern of the individual coda decay curves for 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24.0 Hz values was estimated. Secondly, lateral variation of coda Q and the attenuation coefficients for three main tectonic patterns are estimated. The shape of the type curve is controlled by the scattering and attenuation in the crustal volume sampled by the coda waves. The Q o and η values vary from 30 to 180 and from 0.55 to 1.25, respectively for SW Anatolia. In SW Anatolia, coda Q–f relation is described by and δ = 0.008 km−1. These results are expected to help in understanding the degree of tectonic complexity of the crust in SW Anatolia.  相似文献   

7.
Coda of local earthquakes that occurred during 2006–2007 are used to study the attenuation characteristics of the Garhwal–Kumaun Himalayas. The coda attenuation characteristics are represented in terms of coda Q or Q c . It is observed that Q c increases with frequency. Q c also varies with increase in lapse time of coda waves. Q c increases up to an 85-s average lapse time. This is similar to observations around the world reported by many workers who have interpreted this as a manifestation of the fact that heterogeneity decreases with depth. However, around a 90-s average lapse time Q c is lower than its values for lower and higher average lapse times. This is interpreted as an indication of possible presence of a fluid-filled medium or a medium having partial melts at around a 160-km depth. Q 0, i.e., Q c at 1 Hz, increases, and frequency parameter n decreases with increasing lapse time, barring around a 90-s lapse time. This again shows that in general, heterogeneity decreases with increasing depth. The Q 0 and n values for smaller lapse times are similar to those for tectonically active areas. By comparing Q c values obtained in this study with those obtained by us using the 1999 Chamoli earthquake aftershocks, it is concluded that the crust is turbid and the mantle is more transparent. However, whether the variation in Q c values between 1999 and 2006–2007 is temporal or not cannot be definitely established from the available data set.  相似文献   

8.
Using simulated coda waves, the resolution of the single-scattering model to extract codaQ (Q c ) and its power law frequency dependence was tested. The back-scattering model ofAki andChouet (1975) and the single isotropic-scattering model ofSato (1977) were examined. The results indicate that: (1) The inputQ c models are reasonably well approximated by the two methods; (2) almost equalQ c values are recovered when the techniques sample the same coda windows; (3) lowQ c models are well estimated in the frequency domain from the early and late part of the coda; and (4) models with highQ c values are more accurately extracted from late code measurements.  相似文献   

9.
Based on the single scattering model of coda power spectrum analysis, digital waveform data of 50 events recorded by the real-time processing system of the Chengdu telemetry network are analyzed to estimate the Q c values of earth medium beneath the Chengdu telemetry network for several specified frequencies. It is found that the Q c shows the frequency dependency in the form of Q c = Q 0 f n in the range of 1.0 to 20.0Hz. Estimated Q 0 ranges from 60.83 to 178.05, and n is found to be 0.713 to 1.159. The average value of Q 0 and n are 117 and 0.978 respectively. This result indicates the strong frequency dependency of the attenuation of coda waves beneath the Chengdu telemetry network. Comparing with the results obtained in other regions of the world, it is found that Q 0 −1 value and its change with frequency are similar to those in regions with strong tectonic activity. This subject is supported by the Ministry of Personnel, China for partly sponsoring.  相似文献   

10.
Three types of seismic data recorded near Coalinga, California were analyzed to study the behavior of scattered waves: 1) aftershocks of the May 2, 1983 earthquake, recorded on verticalcomponent seismometers deployed by the USGS; 2) regional refraction profiles using large explosive sources recorded on essentially the same arrays above; 3) three common-midpoint (CMP) reflection surveys recorded with vibrator sources over the same area. Records from each data set were bandpassed filtered into 5 Hz wide passbands (over the range of 1–25 Hz), corrected for geometric spreading, and fit with an exponential model of amplitude decay. Decay rates were expressed in terms of inverse codaQ (Q c –1 ).Q c –1 values for earthquake and refraction data are generally comparable and show a slight decrease with increasing frequency. Decay rates for different source types recorded on proximate receivers show similar results, with one notable exception. One set of aftershocks shows an increase ofQ c –1 with frequency.Where the amplitude decay rates of surface and buried sources are similar, the coda decay results are consistent with other studies suggesting the importance of upper crustal scattering in the formation of coda. Differences in the variation ofQ c –1 with frequency can be correlated with differences in geologic structure near the source region, as revealed by CMP-stacked reflection data. A more detailed assessment of effects such as the depth dependence of scattered contributions to the coda and the role of intrinsic attenuation requires precise control of source-receiver field geometry and the study of synthetic seismic data calculated for velocity models developed from CMP reflection data.  相似文献   

11.
In the paper, we introduce Allegre＇s scaling-rule theory of rock fracture and the probability to develop a method for predicting earthquake occurrence time on its basis. As an example, we study the characteristics of seismological precursors （seismic spatial correlation length and coda Qc） associated with the earthquake （M=6.1） occurred in Shandan-Minle, Gansu Province. The results show an increasing trend of seismic spatial correlation length and coda Qc before the earthquake. And a power exponent relation is used to fit the increasing variation form of these two parameters. The study has provided a basis for creating a method and finding indexes to predict the earthquake occurrence time by using the monitored seismic spatial correlation length and coda Qc.  相似文献   

12.
In this paper, the "spectral amplitude ratio method" (SAR), "energy method" (EN) and "coda wave method" (CW) are used to calculate theQ value variations of gneiss in the preparing rupture process. The obtained results show that the variation state ofQ values by SAR features the shape of relative stability—gradual increment to the maximum—then decrement and final rupture. The variation state ofQ values by EN is just contrary to that by SAR, i. e. with the shape of stability—decrement—increment—and final rupture. The varation state ofQ values by CW is similar to that by EN, its main frequency features the shape of relatively high value—decrement to the minimum—increment—and final rupture. But to the high frequency (higher than the main frequency), the variation state ofQ values features the shape of the stable value-increment to the maximum-decrement-and final rupture. At the same time, the results by coda wave amplitude spectrum show that, when stress reaches 70% of rupture stress, the high frequency component of S wave rapidly reduces (Q c increasing); at the time of impending the main rupture, the main frequency component reduces with a large scale (Q c increasing again), this may be the reason which causes the different variation states of two codaQ values. The result of amplitude spectra of P, S (initial wave) waves also show that with the appearance of microcracks the frequency band of S wave turn to be narrow, the high frequency component is reduced quickly, i. e. the S wave spectra have different variation states with different frequency components. That is why theQ s obtained by different methods have different variation characteristics.  相似文献   

13.
21 earthquakes recorded by a temporary seismic network in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic area in Northeast China operated during the summer of 2002 and 2003 were analyzed to estimate the S coda attenuation. The attenuation quality factor Qc was estimated using the single scattering attenuation model of Sato (1977) in the frequency band from 4 to 24 Hz. All the events studied in this paper occurred at depths from 2 to 6 km with ML of 1.4–2.8. The epicentral distances are less than 25 km. For all events which occurred near the Tianchi Lake (caldera), the Qc patterns obtained at the stations near the lake are similar, and the Qc values are relatively small. At the stations located about 15 km east of the Tianchi Lake, however, the average Qc is significantly higher. For an event which occurred 25km from the lake to the west, Qc patterns derived at the stations near the lake are quite similar to the above mentioned Qc for stations located in the east. Further study shows that Qc value in the north and central areas of the volcano is relatively lower than that in the surrounding area. Compared to other volcanic areas in the world, the average Qc of the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic area is obviously lower. The deep seismic sounding and teleseismic receiver function studies indicated more than one lower velocity layer in the crust. The MT studies suggested the presence of high conductive bodies beneath the area. We interpret the strong attenuation of coda waves near the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano as being possibly related to high temperature medium caused by shallow magma chambers.  相似文献   

14.
The attenuation of coda waves in the earth’s crust in southwest (SW) Anatolia is estimated by using the coda wave method, which is based on the decrease of coda wave amplitude in time and distance. A total of 159 earthquakes were recorded between 1997 and 2010 by 11 stations belonging to the KOERI array. The coda quality factor Q c is determined from the properties of scattered coda waves in a heterogeneous medium. Firstly, the quality factor Q 0 (the value of Q c at 1 Hz.) and its frequency dependency η are determined from this method depending on the attenuation properties of scattered coda waves for frequencies of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12 and 20 Hz. Secondly, the attenuation coefficients (δ) are estimated. The shape of the curve is controlled by the scattering and attenuation in the crustal volume sampled by the coda waves. The average Q c values vary from 110 ± 15 to 1,436 ± 202 for the frequencies above. The Q 0 and η values vary from 63 ± 7 to 95 ± 10 and from 0.87 ± 0.03 to 1.04 ± 0.09, respectively, for SW Anatolia. In this region, the average coda Q–f relation is described by Q c = (78 ± 9)f 0.98±0.07 and δ = 0.012 km?1. The low Q 0 and high η are consistent with a region characterized by high tectonic activity. The Q c values were correlated with the tectonic pattern in SW Anatolia.  相似文献   

15.
The dependence of coda attenuationQ c on frequency and lapse time was studied. Data from small local earthquakes, recorded at three stations (VMR, VSI and VFI) of the VOLNET network operating in central Greece, were used.Q c was estimated by applying the single scattering model to bandpass-filtered seismograms, over a frequency range of 1 to 12 Hz. Analysis was performed every 10 s until the end on overlapping time windows.Q c is found to depend on frequencyf in Hz according to a power law,Q c =Q 0 f n . ObservedQ 0 ranges from 30 to 100 and the powern ranges from 0.90 to 0.70.Q 0 increases andn decreases with lapse time increasing. A strong dependence ofQ c on lapse time was also found. In the frequency range of 1 to 8 Hz and at a short lapse time,Q c values were found to be similar for all three stations. On the other hand, at the longest analyzed time window (50 s), the estimatedQ c values show a discrepancy which is more obvious at a higher frequency band. The scattering coefficient around the central station VSI is found to range from 0.029 to 0.0041 km–1.Q c from the single scattering model andQ s from the amplitude ratio of directS to coda waves for the VSI station are similar. We believe dependence of coda attenuationQ c on frequency and lapse time is caused by a combination of geotectonic features and depth variation asQ s .  相似文献   

16.
785 traces of vertical components from shallow earthquakes recorded by 10 CDSN (Chinese Digital Seismographic Network) stations and 5 GSN (Global Seismographic Network) stations were collected to study the attenuation characteristics ofL g coda in the Chinese continent and its adjacent regions. The records were processed first using the stack spectral ratio method to obtain the average values ofQ 0 (Q at 1Hz) and η, the frequency dependence, ofL g coda in the ellipses corresponding to the paths. The back-projection technique was then employed to obtain the tomographic maps ofQ 0 and η values, and the distribution of their errors. Results indicate that in the studied areaQ 0 varies between 200 and 500. The lowest value ofQ 0 exists in the Yun-nan-Tibetan region, while the highest value ofQ 0 occurs in the southern edge of Siberian platform. η varies between 0.3 and 0.8. For most part of the studied area η varies inversely withQ 0.  相似文献   

17.
The characteristic of seismic coda wave attenuation in Yunnan area in 7 frequency-bands range from 1 Hz to 20 Hz was estimated by using the local earthquake's waveform data recorded from 22 Yunnan digital seismic stations.Coda attenuation Q-c1 of each station was firstly calculated by single scattering method. Then, mean free path Le and seismic albedo Bo of each station were calculated, and scattering attenuation Q-1s and intrinsic attenuation Q-1i were separated from total attenuation Q-1t by multiple lapse time window analysis based on the multiple scattering model in uniform random isotropic scattering medium. The attenuating characteristics in Yunnan show that most value of Le are in 10～30 km, with maximal within 2～6 Hz;Bo are about 0.5 at 1～2 Hz, but less than 0.5at other frequency-bands, which means Q-1i is comparable with Q-1s at 1～2 Hz, and after 1～2 Hz, Q-1i is greater than Q-1s and dominates the attenuation process. Q-1c is close to Q-1i at other frequency bands except 1～2 Hz.Results show that Q-1 especially Qs-1 varies spatially, Q-1 in eastern Yunnan zone is a bit higher than in northwestern Yunnan zone;northwestern Yunnan zone higher than southwestern Yunnan zone. Comparing with other results in global, Qs-1 in Yunnan is lower than the global average value among these results, Q-1i is higher than the global average value, and Q-1t lies the middle among these results.  相似文献   

18.
The attenuation of coda waves is analysed for nine seismic stations in the area of convergent motion of the Adriatic microplate and the Dinarides. The frequency dependent coda quality factor of the form Qc = Q0 fn is estimated for up to seven central frequencies (1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 Hz) and for 21 successive 30 s long time windows. Q0 was found to increase from 68–353 for short lapse times of 20–50 s, to 158–373 for lapse times of 90–100 s. Parameter n is observed to vary between 0.46 and 0.89, with a pronounced tendency to decrease with increasing Q0, and vice versa. Both Q0 and n seem to stabilize for lapse times larger than 50–80 s, indicating that a change in rock properties controlling coda attenuation occurs at depths of about 100–160 km. The spatial distribution of observed Q0 is well correlated with observed seismicity and inferred tectonic activity. In particular, we observe significant negative correlation of Q0 with the peak ground acceleration (PGA) estimate for the return period of 475 years. The degree of frequency dependence n, is the smallest for stations on the islands, where the crust is the thinnest. The largest n is observed over the thickest crust in the region, where the Moho lies at depths of over 55 km.  相似文献   

19.
Attenuation of seismic waves is very essential for the study of earthquake source parameters and also for ground-motion simulations, and this is important for the seismic hazard estimation of a region. The digital data acquired by 16 short-period seismic stations of the Delhi Telemetric Network for 55 earthquakes of magnitude 1.5 to 4.2, which occurred within an epicentral distance of 100 km in an area around Delhi, have been used to estimate the coda attenuation Qc. Using the Single Backscattering Model, the seismograms have been analyzed at 10 central frequencies. The frequency dependence average attenuation relationship Qc = 142f 1.04 has been attained. Four Lapse-Time windows from 20 to 50 seconds duration with a difference of 10 seconds have been analyzed to study the lapse time dependence of Qc. The Qc values show that frequency dependence (exponent n) remains similar at all the lapse time window lengths. While the change in Q0 values is significant, change in Q0 with larger lapsetime reflects the rate of homogeneity at the depth. The variation of Qc indicates a definitive trend from west to east in accordance with the geology of the region.  相似文献   

20.
QC-estimates of Kachchh Basin in western India have been obtained in a high frequency range from 1.5 to 24.0 Hz using the aftershock data of Bhuj earthquake of January 26, 2001 recorded within an epicentral distance of 80 km. The decay of coda waves of 30 sec window from 186 seismograms has been analysed in four lapse time windows, adopting the single backscattering model. The study shows that Qc is a function of frequency and increases as frequency increases. The frequency dependent Qc relations obtained for four lapse-time windows are: Qc=82 f1.17 (20–50 sec), Qc=106 f1.11 (30–60 sec), Qc=126f1.03 (40–70 sec) and Qc=122f1.02 (50–80 sec). These empirical relations represent the average attenuation properties of a zone covering the surface area of about 11,000, 20,000, 28,000 and 38,000 square km and a depth extent of about 60, 80, 95, 110 km, respectively. With increasing window length, the degree of frequency dependence, n, decreases marginally from 1.17 to 1.02, whereas Q0 increases significantly from 82 to 122. At lower frequencies up to 6 Hz, Qc−1 of Kachchh Basin is in agreement with other regions of the world, whereas at higher frequencies from 12 to 24 Hz it is found to be low.  相似文献   

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