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1.
The Denizli region of the Western Anatolia Extensional Province (WAEP) includes a typical example of intra-plate potassic magmatism. Lamproite-like K-rich to shoshonitic alkaline rocks erupted in the Upper Miocene-Pliocene in a tensional tectonic setting. The absence of Nb and Ta depletion, low Th/Zr and high Nb/Zr ratios and distinct isotopic values (i.e. low 87Sr/86Sr, 0.703523–0.703757; high 143Nd/144Nd, 0.512708–0.512784; high 206Pb/204Pb, 19.079–19.227, 207Pb/204Pb, 15.635–15.682, 208Pb/204Pb, 39.144–39.302) mark an anorogenic geochemical signature of the Denizli volcanics. All of the lavas are strongly enriched in large-ion-lithophile elements (e.g. Ba 1,100–2,200 ppm; Sr 1,900–3,100 ppm; Rb 91–295 ppm) and light rare-earth elements (e.g. LaN?=?319–464), with a geochemical affinity to ocean-island basalts and lack of a recognizable subduction signature or any evidence for crustal contamination. The restricted range of isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) ratios in both near-primitive (Mg# 66.7–77.2) and more evolved (Mg# 64.6–68.7) members of the Denizli volcanics signify their evolution from an isotopically equilibrated parental mantle source. Their high Dy/Yb and Rb/Sr values also suggest that garnet and phlogopite were present in the mantle source. Their strong EM-II signature, very low Nd model ages (0.44–049 Ga) and isotopic (Sr-Nd-Pb) values analogous to those of the Nyiragongo potassic basanites and kimberlites from the African stable continental settings, suggest that the parental melts that produced the Denizli volcanics are associated with very young and enriched mantle sources, which include both sublithospheric and enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle melts. Mantle-lithosphere delamination probably played a significant role in the generation of these melts, and could be related to roll-back of the Aegean arc, lithospheric extension and asthenospheric mantle upwelling.  相似文献   

2.
汪方跃  高山  牛宝贵  张宏 《地学前缘》2007,14(2):98-108
华北克拉通罕见年龄界于120～100Ma的火山岩。承德盆地大北沟组火山岩下部主要由柱状节理橄榄玄武岩组成,中上部主要由安山岩组成。对紧邻玄武岩的上覆安山岩的火山锆石U-PbLA-ICPMS定年结果表明,形成年龄为(113.6±0.87)Ma,代表了该套火山岩的喷发年龄,表明它们形成于早白垩世晚期。对3件玄武岩样品的分析结果表明,它们亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),初始87Sr/86Sr同位素比值为0.7059,εNd(114Ma)为-11.04,具有富集型岩石圈地幔的特征。但该套玄武岩的主量和微量元素特征则介于华北克拉通中生代年龄>120Ma具古老富集型地幔特征的玄武岩和年龄<100Ma具亏损软流圈性质的玄武岩之间,表明113.6Ma时华北克拉通岩石圈地幔在元素组成方面已具有由富集地幔向亏损型软流圈地幔转变的特征。大北沟组玄武岩的地球化学特征表明,114Ma时华北克拉通岩石圈地幔已减薄。  相似文献   

3.
The lava sequence of the central-western Deccan Traps (from Jalgaon towards Mumbai) is formed by basalts and basaltic andesites having a significant variation in TiO2 (from 1.2 to 3.3 wt%), Zr (from 84 to 253 ppm), Nb (from 5 to 16ppm) and Ba (from 63 to 407 ppm), at MgO ranging from 10 to 4.2 wt%. Most of these basalts follow a liquid line of descent dominated by low pressure fractionation of clinopyroxene, plagioclase and olivine, starting from the most mafic compositions, in a temperature range from 1220° to 1125°C. These rocks resemble those belonging to the lower-most formations of the Deccan Traps in the Western Ghats (Jawhar, Igatpuri and Thakurvadi) as well as those of the Poladpur formation. Samples analyzed for87Sr/86Sr give a range of initial ratios from 0.70558 to 0.70621. A group of flows of the Dhule area has low TiO2 (1.2–1.5 wt%) and Zr (84–105 ppm) at moderate MgO (5.2–6.2 wt%), matching the composition of low-Ti basalts of Gujarat, low-Ti dykes of the Tapti swarm and Toranmal basalts, just north of the study area. This allows chemical correlations between the lavas of central Deccan, the Tapti dykes and the north-western outcrops. The mildly enriched high field strength element contents of the samples with TiO2 > 1.5 wt% make them products of mantle sources broadly similar to those which generated the Ambenali basalts, but their high La/Nb and Ba/Nb, negative Nb anomalies in the mantle normalized diagrams, and relatively high87Sr/86Sr, make evident a crustal input with crustally derived materials at less differentiated stages than those represented in this sample set, or even within the sub-Indian lithospheric mantle.  相似文献   

4.
Major and trace element and isotopic ratios (Sr, Nd and Pb) are presented for mafic lavas (MgO > 4 wt%) from the southwestern Yabello region (southern Ethiopia) in the vicinity of the East African Rift System (EARS). New K/Ar dating results confirm three magmatic periods of activity in the region: (1) Miocene (12.3–10.5 Ma) alkali basalts and hawaiites, (2) Pliocene (4.7–3.6 Ma) tholeiitic basalts, and (3) Recent (1.9–0.3 Ma) basanite-dominant alkaline lavas. Trace element and isotopic characteristics of the Miocene and Quaternary lavas bear a close similarity to ocean island basalts that derived from HIMU-type sublithospheric source. The Pliocene basalts have higher Ba/Nb, La/Nb, Zr/Nb and 87Sr/86Sr (0.70395–0.70417) and less radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 18.12–18.27) relative to the Miocene and Quaternary lavas, indicative of significant contribution from enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle in their sources. Intermittent upwelling of hot mantle plume in at least two cycles can explain the magmatic evolution in the southern Ethiopian region. Although plumes have been originated from a common and deeper superplume extending from the core–mantle boundary, the diversity of plume components during the Miocene and Quaternary reflects heterogeneity of secondary plumes at shallower levels connected to the African superplume, which have evolved to more homogeneous source.  相似文献   

5.
松潘-甘孜地块的丹巴二叠纪玄武岩(大石包组)具有较高的TiO2含量(>2%)和高的Ti/Y比值(平均519),显示LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型稀土配分型式((La/Yb)N=4.2~13.6),εNd(t)=-0.33~2.70,具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)地球化学特征,形成于大陆板内环境。其源区来自原始地幔始于石榴子石稳定区的低程度部分熔融,岩浆上升过程中有来自地壳物质的加入,因而其不相容元素比值如Zr/Nb(4.41~13.09)、La/Nb(1.03~1.80)和Th/La(0.08~0.18)等,以及初始的87Sr/86Sr比值(0.706008~0.707257)均表现出不同程度的富集特征,岩浆演化早期经历了以辉石、橄榄石为主的分离结晶作用。该套玄武岩的元素-同位素地球化学特征和源区性质类似于峨眉山溢流玄武岩的高钛(HT)系列,因此认为其是峨眉山地幔柱活动的产物,属于峨眉山大火成岩省(ELIP)的一部分。松潘-甘孜地块和扬子西缘晚古生代以前地层的可比性以及峨眉山溢流玄武岩的分布特征显示,松潘-甘孜洋盆伴随着扬子克拉通的裂解而打开,并且可能都与峨眉山地幔柱有关,是地幔柱活动的浅部地质响应。  相似文献   

6.
The Emeishan continental flood basalt (ECFB) sequence in Dongchuan, SW China comprises a basal tephrite unit overlain by an upper tholeiitic basalt unit. The upper basalts have high TiO2 contents (3.2–5.2 wt.%), relatively high rare-earth element (REE) concentrations (40 to 60 ppm La, 12.5 to 16.5 ppm Sm, and 3 to 4 ppm Yb), moderate Zr/Nb and Nb/La ratios (9.3–10.2 and 0.6–0.9, respectively) and relatively high Nd (t) values, ranging from − 0.94 to 2.3, and are comparable to the high-Ti ECFB elsewhere. The tephrites have relatively high P2O5 (1.3–2.0 wt.%), low REE concentrations (e.g., 17 to 23 ppm La, 4 to 5.3 ppm Sm, and 2 to 3 ppm Yb), high Nb/La (2.0–3.9) ratios, low Zr/Nb ratios (2.3–4.2), and extremely low Nd (t) values (mostly ranging from − 10.6 to − 11.1). The distinct compositional differences between the tephrites and the overlying tholeiitic basalts cannot be explained by either fractional crystallization or crustal contamination of a common parental magma. The tholeiitic basalts formed by partial melting of the Emeishan plume head at a depth where garnet was stable, perhaps > 80 km. We propose that the tephrites were derived from magmas formed when the base of the previously metasomatized, volatile-mineral bearing subcontinental lithospheric mantle was heated by the upwelling mantle plume.  相似文献   

7.
基性岩墙,与层状、环状基性杂岩体和高Ti、低Ti玄武岩共同组成了峨眉山大火成岩省岩石组合.为进一步确定大火成岩省及相关生物灭绝事件的时间联系,及更深化研究大火成岩省的成因,对分布于贵州省南部的基性岩墙进行了主、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素测定和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究.黔南基性岩墙∑REE=135.66×10-6~280.59×10-6,LREE/HREE为6.42~7.54,（La/Yb）N为7.94~9.85,轻重稀土分异明显,δEu为1.0~1.3,具有Ba、Sr、K等LILE富集,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等HFSE亏损特征,显示与峨眉山高钛玄武岩相似的地球化学特征.Th/Ta（1.80~1.94）、Nb/U（30.8~39.88）、Th/La（0.08~0.10）、Nb/Th（7.89~8.40）比值与原始地幔相似,较低的初始（87Sr/86Sr）i比值（0.705 278~0.706 052）、εNd（t）（-0.5~+1.6）、以及Th/Ta比值（< 2.13）显示岩浆无明显的地壳混染,岩浆可能形成于受地幔柱作用的富集石榴石地幔源区10%~12%的部分熔融.SHRIMP锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为261.2±2.6 Ma,反映峨眉山大火成岩的喷发时间可能集中在260 Ma左右,并可能与瓜德鲁普末期的生物灭绝有关.   相似文献   

8.
保山卧牛寺组玄武岩为低钛拉斑玄武岩，具有大陆板内玄武岩的特征，总体与蛾眉山玄武岩中的低钛玄武岩相似。其分异程度较高，富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素，有明显的Nb、Ta负异常，Zr和Hf正异常，Eu无异常或弱负异常。该玄武岩由3个大喷发旋回形成3个岩石单元，其中下部早期第1单元由致密块状玄武岩、斜斑玄武岩、杏仁玄武岩和凝灰岩组成，第2和第3单元中见少量橄榄玄武岩和粒玄岩以及辉绿岩脉。有较高的^86Sr／^87Sr值(0．705966—0．706657)、较低的^143Nd／^144Nd值(0．512212—0．512283)，εNd(t)多为负值，源区为介于EMI和EMⅡ端员之间的富集岩石圈地幔。上述地球化学和同位素特征均可与蛾眉山玄武岩下部低钛拉斑玄武岩对比，表明该期岩浆作用可能同为地幔柱活动的产物，并暗示蛾眉山大火成岩省向西有很大的延伸。  相似文献   

9.
The Emeishan flood basalts can be divided into high-Ti (HT) basalt (Ti/Y>500) and low-Ti (LT) basalt (Ti/Y<500). Sr, Nd isotopic characteristics of the lavas indicate that the LT- and the HT-type magmas originated from distinct mantle sources and parental magmas. The LT-type magma was derived from a shallower lithospheric mantle, whereas the HT-type magma was derived from a deeper mantle source that may be possibly a mantle plume. However, few studies on the Emeishan flood basalts involved their Pb isotopes, especially the Ertan basalts. In this paper, the authors investigated basalt samples from the Ertan area in terms of Pb isotopes, in order to constrain the source of the Emeishan flood basalts. The ratios of 206Pb/204Pb (18.31–18.41), 207Pb/204Pb (15.55–15.56) and 208Pb/204Pb (38.81–38.94) are significantly higher than those of the depleted mantle, just lying between EM I and EM II. This indicates that the Emeishan HT basalts (in the Ertan area) are the result of mixing of EMI end-member and EMII end-member.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

We present the major and trace elements and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 2.6–3.1°S. These samples are low-K tholeiites and show significant variation in their major element compositions (e.g. 4.60–8.18 wt% MgO, 8.34–12.12 wt% CaO, 9.78–14.25 wt% Fe2O3, and 0.06–0.34 K2O wt%). Trace element abundances of the 2.6–3.1°S MORB are variably depleted (e.g. (La/Sm), N = 0.51–0.78, Zr/Y = 2.35–3.42, Th/La = 0.035–0.056, and Ce/Yb = 2.38–3.96) but closely resemble the average N-MORB. In the compatible elements (Ni and Cr) against incompatible element Zr plots, the 2.6–3.1°S MORB show well-defined negative correlations, together with a liquid line of descent (LLD) modelling and petrographic observations, implying a significant role of olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene fractionation during magma evolution. When compared to global MORB and peridotites, the 2.6–3.1°S MORB and most of the other axial lavas from the South EPR show similar Zn/Fe, Zn/Mn, and Fe/Mn ratios, attesting to a peridotite-dominated mantle lithology. However, the relationships between incompatible trace element ratios, such as Zr/Rb and Nb/Sm, and the negative correlation between Zr/Nb and 87Sr/86Sr indicate a geochemically heterogeneous mantle source. The mantle beneath the South EPR likely consists of two components, with the enriched component residing as physically distinct domains (e.g. veins or dikes) in the depleted peridotite matrix. In the Sr–Nd–Pb isotope space, the South EPR MORB lie along the mixing lines between the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) and the ‘C’-like Pukapuka endmember. We infer that low-F melts derived from these enriched materials may cause localized mantle heterogeneity (veins or dikes) via an infiltration process. Subsequent melting of the refertilized mantle may impart an isotopically distinct characteristic to South EPR MORB.  相似文献   

11.
Basanites and alkali basalts from Mahabad in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran are part of a widespread series of Late Miocene–Quaternary mantle-derived magmas erupted within the Turkish–Iranian orogenic plateau, itself part of the active Arabia–Eurasia collision zone. New elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic results are combined with geophysical and geological constraints to suggest that these lavas formed predominantly by small degrees of partial melting of the thick (≫100 km) Eurasian lithospheric mantle within the garnet facies. Samples are highly enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and the light rare earth elements (LREE), up to 600 times chondritic values. They mostly possess negative primitive mantle-normalised Rb, K, Nb–Ta, Zr–Hf and Ti anomalies, with an overall signature that indicates a mantle source metasomatised by fluids or melts derived from crust during continental collision or the Tethyan oceanic subduction that preceded it. Sr–Nd isotopic values are similar to other Quaternary centres in NW Iran; 87Sr/86Sr is slightly depleted with respect to Bulk Silicate Earth, at ∼0.7045, and 143Nd/144Nd is slightly enriched, at ∼0.5127. Crustal contamination does not appear to be an important process in the chemistry of these samples. Possible triggers for melting may include: breakdown of hydrous phases during lithospheric thickening; hydration of the mantle lithosphere by underthrusting of the Arabian passive margin; small-scale sub-lithospheric convection due to a significant thickness gradient in the Zagros lithosphere. Such processes may account for small-volume syn-collisional mantle-derived magmatism elsewhere in regions of thick lithosphere where recent slab break-off or lithospheric delamination cannot be proven.  相似文献   

12.
晚二叠世峨眉山地幔柱岩浆作用同时形成了Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床和V-Ti-Fe氧化物矿床等不同类型的岩浆矿床。从硫化物矿床的PGE富集型、Cu-Ni-PGE富集型到Cu-Ni富集型,再到钒钛磁铁矿矿床,成矿基性-超基性岩体中基性岩石比例逐渐增加,PGE含量降低。铜镍铂族硫化物矿床具Nb和Ta负异常,岩浆流体组分含量较高,含有较高的H2;而钒钛磁铁矿矿床具Nb、Ta和Ti正异常,Zr和Hf负异常,岩浆流体组分含量较低,含有较高的H2O、CO2和H2。两类矿床强不相容元素和轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,Sr-Nd同位素组成与峨眉山玄武岩的演化趋势一致。Sr-Nd-Os-C-He同位素组成揭示岩浆上升过程中经历了不同程度的地壳混染,高钛玄武岩和钒钛磁铁矿矿床成矿岩体的地壳混染程度较低,部分低钛玄武岩和铜镍硫化物矿床存在明显的地壳混染。这两类岩浆矿床的形成与峨眉山地幔柱玄武岩浆有关,岩浆介质环境中H2含量较高,V-Ti-Fe 氧化物矿床的形成与分离结晶、高含量的水和氧逸度的升高有关,Cu-Ni-(PGE)硫化物矿床的形成与还原性流体介质、结晶分异和地壳混染作用有关。  相似文献   

13.
Seamount volcanism associated with the Xigaze ophiolite, Southern Tibet   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
Basaltic lavas at Renbu, Southern Tibet are associated with the Xigaze ophiolite in the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone. They are alkaline lavas rich in large ion lithophile elements (LILE, Ba, Rb and Sr) and high field strength elements (HFSE, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf), but poor in Cr, Co and Ni. All of the rocks have chondrite-normalized REE patterns enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE), comparable to modern basalts of the Society Islands, Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge. Abundances of some immobile or moderately immobile elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Y, Ti and REE) are also comparable to Kerguelen alkaline basalts. The Renbu basalts are geochemically similar to oceanic island basalts (OIB) and have some elemental ratios, such as Nb/Ta ratios = 15.7–18.1, Th/Nb =  0.06–0.10, La/Nb = 0.59–0.83 and Th/Ta = 1.03–1.52, similar to the primitive mantle. Their 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70453–0.70602) are relatively high, similar to OIB. In the 87Sr/86Sr vs. εNd(t) diagram, the Renbu basalts plot along a trend from N-MORB to EMII (enriched mantle II), suggesting the involvement of at least two mantle sources in their generation. The Renbu basalts represent seamount volcanism associated with the Xigaze ophiolite. They formed from an OIB-type mantle source within the Neo-Tethyan Ocean that had a composition similar to the modern Indian Ocean mantle.  相似文献   

14.
Mafic-layered intrusions and sills and spatially associated andesitic basalts are well preserved in the Funing area, SW China. The 258±3 Ma-layered intrusions are composed of fine-grained gabbro, gabbro and diorite. The 260±3 Ma sills consist of undifferentiated diabases. Both the layered intrusions and volcanic rocks belong to a low-Ti group, whereas the diabases belong to a high-Ti group. Rocks of the high-Ti group have FeO, TiO2 and P2O5 higher but MgO and Th/Nb ratios lower than those of the low-Ti group. They have initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.706–0.707) lower and ɛNd (−1.5 to −0.6) higher than the low-Ti equivalents (0.710–0.715 and −9.6 to −4.0, respectively). The high-Ti group was formed from relatively primitive, high-Ti magmas generated by low degrees (7.3 –9.5%) of partial melting of an enriched, OIB-type asthenospheric mantle source. The low-Ti group may have formed from melts derived from an EM2-like, lithospheric mantle source. The mafic rocks at Funing are part of the Emeishan large igneous province formed by a mantle plume at ∼260 Ma.  相似文献   

15.
The presence and/or generation mechanism of a mantle plume associated with early Permian rifting on the northern margin of Gondwana are topics of debate. Here we report LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon ages, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotope data for high-Ti mafic dykes from southern Qiangtang, Tibet, with the aim of assessing if a mantle plume formed in this region during the early Permian. Zircon U–Pb dating of diabase dykes yielded ages of 290.6 ± 3.5 Ma and 290.1 ± 1.5 Ma, indicating they were emplaced during the early Permian. Whole-rock geochemistry shows that these mafic dykes are alkaline (Nb/Y = 0.73–0.99), have high TiO2 (3.6%–4.8%), and have ocean-island basalt (OIB)-like trace element patterns with enrichments in Nb, Ta, and Ti. Whole-rock Sr–Nd isotope data show a relatively narrow range of εNd(t) (+ 2.29 to + 3.53), similar to basalts produced by a mantle plume (e.g., Emeishan continental flood basalts (ECFB)). Elemental and isotope data suggest that the dykes have undergone fractionation crystallization of mafic minerals and have experienced negligible crustal contamination. These mafic rocks show an affinity to OIB and may have been generated by partial melting of an OIB-type, garnet-bearing asthenospheric mantle source. On the basis of a similar emplacement age to the Panjal Traps basalts in the Himalayas, combined with a tectonic reconstruction of Gondwana in the early to middle Permian, our work suggests that the high-Ti mafic dykes in the Southern Qiangtang terrane and the coeval Panjal Traps basalts in the Himalayas together comprise a ca. 290 Ma large igneous province linked to a mantle plume, which probably played an active role in early Permian rifting on the northern margin of Gondwana and was related to circum-Pangea subduction.  相似文献   

16.
The picritic dykes occurring within fine-grained gabbro in the marginal zone and in the surrounding Proterozoic wall-rock marbles of the Panzhihua Fe–Ti oxide deposit closely correspond in bulk composition with the nearby Panzhihua intrusion. These dykes offer important constraints on the nature of the mantle source of the Panzhihua ore-bearing intrusion and its possible link to the Emeishan plume. U–Pb zircon dating of the picritic dyke yields a crystallization age of 261.4 ± 4.6 Ma, coeval with the timing of the main Panzhihua gabbroic intrusion and Late Permian Emeishan flood basalts. The Panzhihua picritic dykes contain 37.63–43.41 wt% SiO2, 1.15–1.56 wt% TiO2, 11.43–13.25 wt% TFe2O3, and 20.96–28.87 wt% MgO. Primitive-mantle-normalized patterns of the rocks are comparable to those of ocean island basalt. The rocks define a relatively small range of Os isotopic compositions and a low Os signature of ?0.13 to +2.76 for γOs (261 Ma). In combination with their Sr–Nd–Os isotopic compositions, we interpret that these rocks were derived from the Emeishan plume sources as well as the interactions of plume melts with the overlying lithosphere which had been extensively affected by eclogite-derived melts from the deep-subducted oceanic slab. Partial melting induced by an upwelling mantle plume that involved an eclogite or pyroxenite component in the lithospheric mantle could have produced the parental Fe-rich magma. Our study suggests that plume-lithosphere interaction might have played a key role in generating many world-class Fe–Ti oxide deposits clustered in the Panxi area.  相似文献   

17.
Geochemical and isotopic data for Cretaceous mafic rocks (basalt, gabbro, and diorite) from the Lower Yangtze region, northern Yangtze block, constrain the evolution of the lithospheric mantle. The mafic rocks, separated into the northeast and southwest groups, are alkaline and evolved, with low Mg# values (44–58) and variable SiO2 contents (47.6–57.4 wt%). Enriched LREEs, LILEs, and Pb, together with depleted Nb, Zr, and Ti, suggest that the mantle sources were metasomatized by slab-derived fluid/melt. All samples show high radiogenic 207Pb/204Pb(t) (15.41–15.65) and 208Pb/204Pb(t) (37.66–38.51) ratios at given 206Pb/204Pb(t) (17.65–19.00) ratios, consistent with the mantle sources having been metasomatized by ancient slab-derived material. Mafic rocks of the southwest group show enriched Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics, with 87Sr/86Sr(t) ranging from 0.7056 to 0.7071 and εNd(t) ranging from −5.3 to −8.3, indicating an origin from enriched lithospheric mantle. Mafic rocks of the northeast group, which record 87Sr/86Sr(t) ratios of between 0.7044 and 0.7050 and εNd(t) of −2.8 to −0.7, possibly formed by the mixing of melts from isotopically enriched lithospheric mantle and isotopically depleted asthenospheric mantle. Taking into consideration the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of Cretaceous mafic rocks, Cenozoic basalts, and basalt-hosted peridotite xenoliths from the Lower Yangtze region, we propose that an isotopically enriched, subduction-modified lithospheric mantle was replaced by or transformed into an isotopically depleted “oceanic-type” mantle. Such a process appears to have occurred in the eastern North China Craton as well as the eastern Yangtze block, probably in response to subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath East Asia.  相似文献   

18.
《Gondwana Research》2001,4(3):509-518
The Proterozoic Bandal mafic rocks, exposed in Kullu-Rampur window, Lesser Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, indicate two distinct (high-Ti and low-Ti) magma types. The high-Ti basalts are characterised by high-TiO2 (> 2 wt%), Ti/Y, Ti/Zr, TiO2/K2O and low Rb/Sr ratios. They are enriched in high field strength (HFS) elements (Nb, Zr, Ti) relative to low field strength (LFS) incompatible elements (K, Rb). The low-Ti basalts are charactersied by low TiO2 (< 2 wt%), Ti/Y, Ti/Zr and high Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios. Quartz-normative composition, continental tholeiite characteristics with Nb/La less than 1 are some of the common factors of the two groups of the Bandal mafic rocks. The trace element concentrations and their ratios of the two groups of the basalts indicate that they have been derived from the asthenosphere at different depths, low-Ti at shallow and high-Ti at deeper levels. Some of the chemical features like low Mg #, Cr, Ni, high incompatible element concentrations (especially Ba), light rare earth element (LREE) enriched patterns point towards assimilation and fractional crystallisation (AFC) process which may have played a significant role in the generation of these basalts.Furthermore, the Bandal mafic rocks, apart from field settings, are geochemically similar to other Proterozoic mafic bodies like the Rampur volcanics, Mandi-Darla volcanics, Garhwal volcanics and Bhimtal-Bhowlai volcanics of the Lesser Himalaya. This widespread Proterozoic continental tholeiitic magmatism over an area of 170,000 km2 in the Lesser Himalaya provides an evidence of plume activity in the region.  相似文献   

19.
The Ordovician Laohushan ophiolite, located in the eastern part of the North Qilian Mountains, is mainly composed of meta-peridotites, gabbros and basalts alternating with sediments. The sediments are mainly turbidites, including sandstones, siltstones, cherts etc. Major elements show that the basalts are subalkaline tholeiites and may be analogous to ocean-floor basalts. Except a few N-MORBs, most of the basalts are E-MORBs as indicated by incompatible element ratios such as (La/Ce)N, La/Sm, Ce/Zr, Zr/Y and Zr/Nb. Negative Nb anomaly is common but negative Zr, Hf and Ti anomalies are quite rare. Based on the geochemical characteristics, it is suggested that the Laohushan basalts were formed in a back-arc basin. εNd (t) of the basalts ranges between +3.0 and +8.9 and (87Sr/86Sr), ranges between 0.7030 and 0.7060, indicating a depleted mantle source which was mixed with more or less enriched mantle components. Furthermore, the petrography of the sandstones and geochemistry of the cherts suggest that the  相似文献   

20.
Olivine and clinopyroxene grains have been separated from four large Fe-Ti-V oxide ore-bearing intrusions (Panzhihua, Hongge, Baima and Taihe) in the Panxi area, Emeishan large igneous province, Southwest China, for He and Ar isotope studies. The samples examined revealed extremely low 3He/4He ratios (0.078-4.34 Ra with the mean value 0.78 Ra) for gases extracted by stepwise heating. This feature, combined with low 40Ar/36Ar ratios can be interpreted as due to addition of subduction-related fluids and melts that had been stored in the lithospheric mantle for long periods. Considering the regional geologic history, such addition can be attributed to the paleo subduction that occurred along the western margin of the Yangtze Block during the Neoproterozoic. The subducted oceanic crust beneath the Panxi area underwent eclogite-facies metamorphism and subsequent exhumation. The infiltration of subduction-related melts and fluids into the lithospheric mantle led to enriched isotopic signatures from that of the slightly depleted asthenopheric mantle which has been suggested by the Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic data of the Emeishan basalts and picrites. In addition, considerable amounts of eclogitic melts produced by partial melting of eclogite-facies oceanic crust extensively contaminated the lithospheric mantle. During the late Permian, partial melting of an upwelling mantle plume that contained an eclogite or pyroxenite component generated the parental Fe-rich magma that supplied the ore-bearing intrusions. The combination of these factors may have been the crucial reason that many world-class Fe-Ti-V oxides deposits are clustered in the Panxi area.  相似文献   

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