共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Control data are critical for improving areal interpolation results. Remotely sensed imagery, road network, and parcels are the three most commonly used ancillary data for areal interpolation of population. Meanwhile, the open access geographic data generated by social networks is emerging as an alternative control data that can be related to the distribution of population. This study evaluates the effectiveness of geo-located night-time tweets data as ancillary information and its combination with the three commonly used ancillary datasets in intelligent areal interpolation. Due to the skewed Twitter user age, the other purpose of this study is to test the effect of age bias control data on estimation of different age group populations. Results suggest that geo-located tweets as single control data does not perform as well as the three other control layers for total population and all age-specific population groups. However, the noticeable enhancement effect of Twitter data on other control data, especially for age groups with a high percentage of Twitter users, suggests that it helps to better reflect population distribution by increasing variation in densities within a residential area delineated by other control data. 相似文献
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基于RS和GIS的人口估计方法研究综述 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
随着RS和GIS技术的迅速发展, RS和GIS成为进行人口估计的主要手段。根据人口估计的目标和使用的数据源不同,可以把基于RS和GIS的人口估计方法分成两大类：面插值方法和统计模型方法。面插值方法根据插值过程中是否使用辅助数据可以进一步分成无辅助数据的面插值和有辅助数据的面插值两种。统计模型方法根据模型中自变量的不同可以分成建成区面积估计法、土地利用密度法、居住单元估计法、图像像元特征估计法和自然和社会经济特征综合估计法五种。本文按照上述分类标准综述了基于RS和GIS的各种人口估计方法,分析了各种方法的应用条件、优缺点和研究实例。最后提出了在基于RS和GIS进行人口估计方面需要进一步研究的问题。 相似文献
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人口统计数据的空间转换 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
在经济和社会研究中,所要研究的区域之上经常没有数据,而这些数据需要由已知区域的数据求得,即统计数据需要空间转换,这就通常涉及到面积内插。本文从GIS的角度研究如何解决人口内插问题,认为面积内插和GIS中的叠加分析是一致的。在传统的面积内插方法的基础上是提出了基于人口真实分布的面积内插方法,并推导出了公式。同时提出了人口密度的递归算法,即把居住区分为人口稀疏地区和人口稠密地区,估计出人口稀疏地区的人口密度,就可以求出人口密集地区的人口密度;再把人口密集区分为新的人口稀疏区和密集区,此过程反复直至求出接近于人口真实分布的人口模型。 相似文献
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Mohamed Bakillah Steve Liang Amin Mobasheri Jamal Jokar Arsanjani Alexander Zipf 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(9):1940-1963
Data on population at building level is required for various purposes. However, to protect privacy, government population data is aggregated. Population estimates at finer scales can be obtained through areal interpolation, a process where data from a first spatial unit system is transferred to another system. Areal interpolation can be conducted with ancillary data that guide the redistribution of population. For population estimation at the building level, common ancillary data include three-dimensional data on buildings, obtained through costly processes such as LiDAR. Meanwhile, volunteered geographic information (VGI) is emerging as a new category of data and is already used for purposes related to urban management. The objective of this paper is to present an alternative approach for building level areal interpolation that uses VGI as ancillary data. The proposed method integrates existing interpolation techniques, i.e., multi-class dasymetric mapping and interpolation by surface volume integration; data on building footprints and points-of-interest (POIs) extracted from OpenStreetMap (OSM) are used to refine population estimates at building level. A case study was conducted for the city of Hamburg and the results were compared using different types of POIs. The results suggest that VGI can be used to accurately estimate population distribution, but that further research is needed to understand how POIs can reveal population distribution patterns. 相似文献
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Hamidreza Zoraghein Stefan Leyk 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(10):1948-1976
To assess micro-scale population dynamics effectively, demographic variables should be available over temporally consistent small area units. However, fine-resolution census boundaries often change between survey years. This research advances areal interpolation methods with dasymetric refinement to create accurate consistent population estimates in 1990 and 2000 (source zones) within tract boundaries of the 2010 census (target zones) for five demographically distinct counties in the US. Three levels of dasymetric refinement of source and target zones are evaluated. First, residential parcels are used as a binary ancillary variable prior to regular areal interpolation methods. Second, Expectation Maximization (EM) and its data-extended version leverage housing types of residential parcels as a related ancillary variable. Finally, a third refinement strategy to mitigate the overestimation effect of large residential parcels in rural areas uses road buffers and developed land cover classes. Results suggest the effectiveness of all three levels of dasymetric refinement in reducing estimation errors. They provide a first insight into the potential accuracy improvement achievable in varying geographic and demographic settings but also through the combination of different refinement strategies in parts of a study area. Such improved consistent population estimates are the basis for advanced spatio-temporal demographic research. 相似文献
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A. Geddes D.A. Elston M.E.A. Hodgson R. V. Birnie 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):785-803
Handling of uncertainty in the estimation of values from source areas to target areas poses a challenge in areal interpolation research. Stochastic model-based methods offer a basis for incorporating such uncertainty, but to date they have not been widely adopted by the GIS community. In this article, we propose one use of such methods based in the problem of interpolating count data from a source set of zones (parishes) to a more widely used target zone geography (postcode sectors). The model developed also uses ancillary statistical count data for a third set of areas nested within both source and target zones. The interpolation procedure was implemented within a Bayesian statistical framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, enabling us to take account of all sources of uncertainty included in the model. Distributions of estimated values at the target zone level are presented using both summary statistics and as individual realisations selected to illustrate the degree of uncertainty in the interpolation results. We aim to describe the use of such stochastic approaches in an accessible way and to highlight the need for quantifying estimation uncertainty arising in areal interpolation, especially given the implications arising when interpolated values are used in subsequent analyses of relationships. 相似文献
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Areal interpolation is the process by which data collected from one set of zonal units can be estimated for another zonal division of the same space that shares few or no boundaries with the first. In previous research, we outlined the use of dasymetric mapping for areal interpolation and showed it to be the most accurate method tested. There we used control information derived from classified satellite imagery to parameterize the dasymetric method, but because such data are rife with errors, here we extend the work to examine the sensitivity of the population estimates to error in the classified imagery. Results show the population estimates by dasymetric mapping to be largely insensitive to the errors of classification in the Landsat image when compared with the other methods tested. The dasymetric method deteriorates to the accuracy of the next worst estimate only when 40% error occurs in the classified image, a level of error that may easily be bettered within most remote sensing projects. 相似文献
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Robert G. Cromley Jie Lin David A. Merwin 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):495-517
A common problem in location-allocation modeling is the error associated with the representation and scale of demand. Numerous researchers have investigated aggregation errors associated with using different scaled data, and more recently, error associated with the geographic representation of model objects has also been studied. For covering problems, the validity of using polygon centroid representations of demand has been questioned by researchers, but the alternative has been to assume that demand is uniformly distributed within areal units. The spatial heterogeneity of demand within areal units thus has been modeled using one of two extremes – demand is completely concentrated at one location or demand is uniformly distributed. This article proposes using intelligent areal interpolation and geographic information systems to model the spatial heterogeneity of demand within spatial units when solving the maximal covering location problem. The results are compared against representations that assume demand is either concentrated at centroids or uniformly distributed. Using measures of scale and representation error, preliminary results from the test study indicate that for smaller scale data, representation has a substantial impact on model error whereas at larger scales, model error is not that different for the alternative representations of the distribution of demand within areal units. 相似文献
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Dasymetric Spatiotemporal Interpolation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jeremy Mennis 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(1):92-102
This research applies the principles of dasymetric mapping to spatiotemporal interpolation by extending the spatial concepts of zone and area to their temporal analogs of interval and duration, respectively. An example application of dasymetric spatiotemporal interpolation using crime event data is presented. Results indicate that dasymetric spatiotemporal interpolation significantly improves the accuracy of estimates over areal or duration weighting. In addition, even when dasymetric interpolation in either the spatial or temporal dimension is relatively weak, combining dasymetric estimation in both space and time dimensions simultaneously has the potential to amplify the accuracy of the overall dasymetric estimation. 相似文献
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基于贝叶斯最大熵的甘肃省多年平均降水空间化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贝叶斯最大熵方法可以对具有一定不确定性的“软数据”和认为没有误差的“硬数据”进行插值。对甘肃省1961—1990年52个气象站点的多年平均降水数据进行空间化研究。通过比较普通克里格、共协克里格、三元回归建模后残差插值以及基于贝叶斯最大熵的3种不同软硬数据参与情况下的插值结果,发现考虑降水30 a时间序列不完整性以及辅助变量经验模型不确定性的插值结果的MAE和RMSE,比直接使用多年平均降水数据直接插值的MAE和RMSE小,表明贝叶斯最大熵方法通过对不确定性的考虑可以有效降低预测结果的绝对误差。从降水的空间分布来看,考虑辅助变量DEM的插值结果能相对较好的体现高程对降水的地形影响,尤其分区将辅助变量转换为软数据可以有效体现不同区域高程对降水的不同影响问题。综合误差评价以及降水插值结果的空间分布,认为BME插值过程中可以考虑数据本身以及辅助数据利用的不确定性,使降水空间化的结果更加真实客观,同时为合理利用辅助信息提供了一个新思路。 相似文献
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F.J. Gallego F. Batista C. Rocha S. Mubareka 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2051-2069
This article describes and compares six disaggregation methods used to produce a dasymetric population density grid of the European Union at a 100 m resolution. Population data were initially available at commune level. The main ancillary information source was CORINE land cover, a land cover map distributed by the European Environment Agency. Information from the Eurostat point survey, land use/cover area frame survey, was also integrated in the parameter estimation of some of the approaches tested. Accurate population data for 1 km cell grids were provided by the Statistical Offices of Austria, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Estonia and Sweden. These data provided the basic reference to quantify the accuracy of each method. The best results were obtained with a modified version of the limiting variable method (Eicher, C. and Brewer, C., 2001. Dasymetric mapping and areal interpolation: implementation and evaluation. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 28, 125–138) that could be implemented, thanks to the national reference grids. For other methods the parameters could be estimated without using the reference grids; among them a method based on logit regression gave the best results. Compared with the traditional choropleth maps that represent a homogeneous density in each commune, the accuracy improvement of the disaggregated maps ranged between 20% and 67% (between 46% and 67% for the best method). 相似文献
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自然地理要素空间插值的几个问题 总被引：77，自引：8，他引：69
资源管理、灾害管理、生态环境治理以及全球变化研究的需要强化了部分自然地理要素空间插值研究的重要性。这些要素空间插值的核心是建立充分逼近要素空间分布特征的函数方程。对于给定的区域与要素样本值 ,插值函数可以有多种模型形式。各类模型的精度受其理论基础、模型算法、时空尺度效应、样本数据属性等因素的综合影响。通过对国际主要插值研究成果进行分析 ,文章认为各类模型插值精度的差异缘于模型对插值要素空间变异性与空间相关性的反映 ,具体应用中 ,只有对已知样本数据进行变异性与相关性分析才能选出适当的插值方法。 相似文献
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Jeremy Mennis 《The Professional geographer》2003,55(1):31-42
Aggregated demographic datasets are associated with analytical and cartographic problems due to the arbitrary nature of areal unit partitioning. This article describes a methodology for generating a surface‐based representation of population that mitigates these problems. This methodology uses dasymetric mapping and incorporates areal weighting and empirical sampling techniques to assess the relationship between categorical ancillary data and population distribution. As a demonstration, a 100‐meter‐resolution population surface is generated from U.S. Census block group data for the southeast Pennsylvania region. Remote‐sensing‐derived urban land‐cover data serve as ancillary data in the dasymetric mapping. 相似文献
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Kang-Tsung Chang Zhaoxing Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):693-707
Snow courses that measure snow water equivalent (SWE) are clustered and limited in areal coverage in Idaho. This study used a cell-based geographic information system and multiple regression models to construct SWE surfaces from the snow course data by month (January to May) and by watershed. SWE was the dependent variable and location and topographic variables derived from a digital elevation model were used as the independent variables. Multiple regression performed better than the traditional interpolation methods for SWE estimation. The estimated SWE surface can be displayed at different spatial scales through neighbourhood operations, or used directly as a map layer for hydrologic modelling. 相似文献
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Differences in the reporting units of data from diverse sources and changes in units over time are common obstacles to analysis of areal data. We compare common approaches to this problem in the context of changes over time in the boundaries of U.S. census tracts. In every decennial census, many tracts are split, consolidated, or changed in other ways from the previous boundaries to reflect population growth or decline. We examine two interpolation methods to create a bridge between years, one that relies only on areal weighting and another that also introduces population weights. Results demonstrate that these approaches produce substantially different estimates for variables that involve population counts, but they have a high degree of convergence for variables defined as rates or averages. Finally, the article describes the Longitudinal Tract Database (LTDB), through which we are making available public-use tools to implement these methods to create estimates within 2010 tract boundaries for any tract-level data (from the census or other sources) that are available for prior years as early as 1970. 相似文献
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空间软数据及其插值方法研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
由于对地观测技术的迅速发展,空间数据的种类和数量增长迅猛,由空间数据反演得到的各种信息日趋膨胀,这些反演结果中的信息不少以软数据的形式出现。在实际应用中,这些软数据往往与空间插值的目标变量具有一定的相关性,甚至成为控制目标变量空间分布特征的重要因素。然而,由于这些数据通常表示为非数值形式,在计算和处理上存在着一定困难,以致被传统的插值方法所忽视,从而造成信息浪费。近来出现的空间软插值方法是一种利用空间软数据作为辅助信息并以改善插值效果的方法,能够较好的处理并利用软数据所隐含的信息,具有较好的应用发展前景。本文根据空间软数据的特点及其分类,系统综述了空间软插值方法及其应用领域。首先分析了空间数据软硬性质的根本区别,论述了软数据的分类和“硬化”方法,然后介绍空间插值模型中对空间软数据的集成方法和原理,最后对空间软插值方法及其应用研究领域进行了展望。 相似文献
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A treatise on the use of geostatistics for the characterization of nonrenewable resources 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
James R. Carr 《Natural Resources Research》1992,1(1):61-73
Five decades of geostatistical development are reviewed to summarize the state of the art for spatial interpolation vis-à-vis kriging or a form thereof. Although a search of the literature reveals a variety of kriging methods, there are but two infrastructures for geostatistical interpolation: simple cokriging, for estimating a single variable using two variables, and generalized cokriging, for estimating one or more variables using the same number of variables that are estimated. The many forms of kriging are varieties of these two interpolation infrastructures. This notion is emphasized to aid the selection of an appropriate interpolation model for a nonrenewable resource. These models are discussed, and literature for the models and for applicable software is cited. Additionally, all aspects of spatial interpolation are discussed, including the adequacy of spatial sampling, distribution characteristics of spatial samples, semivariograms, search parameters, and selection of interpolation models in conformance with spatial data characteristics. Finally, the relationship between interpolation and raster-based geographic information systems is emphasized. 相似文献
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喀斯特地区春季土壤水分空间插值方法对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以杨眉河小流域为研究区,通过土壤水分采样,选取辅助变量,采用普通克里金、协同克里金、回归克里金3种地统计学方法对土壤水分数据进行空间插值。结果表明：1）回归克里金对研究区土壤水分估算误差最小,其次为协克里金,普通克里金的误差最大;2）普通克里金生成的土壤水分表面最为平滑,而回归克里金最大程度反映了研究区实际的土壤水分空间变化;3）对于协同克里金,以湿度指数（WI）样点数据作为辅助变量的估算误差小于将WI栅格数据作为辅助变量的估算误差。总之,在可获得有效辅助变量的条件下,回归克里金对研究区土壤水分估算的效果优于协同克里金与普通克里金。 相似文献
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Ian N. Gregory Paul S. Ell 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):135-152
Historical GIS has the potential to re‐invigorate our use of statistics from historical censuses and related sources. In particular, areal interpolation can be used to create long‐run time‐series of spatially detailed data that will enable us to enhance significantly our understanding of geographical change over periods of a century or more. The difficulty with areal interpolation, however, is that the data that it generates are estimates which will inevitably contain some error. This paper describes a technique that allows the automated identification of possible errors at the level of the individual data values. 相似文献