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1.
During the last decades on the Spanish Mediterranean coastline there has been a great development of low-density urban areas, as well as a change in the sociodemographic structures, especially in the municipalities that have developed a residential tourism model. Likewise, urban and tourist development have stressed the balance between the availability of water resources and urban water demands, generating situations of scarcity that might be aggravated by climate change. This study identifies the determinants of water consumption on the Spanish Mediterranean coastline, focusing on the variables related to urban land uses and socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables at the municipal level using an ordinary least square (OLS) and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The GWR model results substantially improved the results of the OLS model, explaining 88.27 percent of the variance in domestic water consumption and solving the spatial autocorrelation problem of some independent variables. The most influential variables include the percentage of second homes or the percentage of residential properties with swimming pools at the municipal level. These characteristics must be considered to develop demand management policies and an updated hydrological planning to ensure urban supply in a future with less available water resources.  相似文献   

2.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):953-972
Although water demand theories identify price structures, technology, and individual behavior as determinants of water demand, limited theoretical or empirical evidence suggests a link between urban development patterns and water use. To assess the role of urban development patterns on water demand, we used GIS and statistical models to analyze single-family residential water consumption in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. Our results show that residential water consumption per household at the census block group scale is best explained by average building size, followed by building density and building age, with low water consumption areas clustering together and typically located in high-density and older neighborhoods. Accounting for spatial dependence among residuals, explanatory variables explain up to 87% of variations in water consumption. Our results help to develop a water demand framework that incorporates existing factors with urban development policies to more effectively manage limited water and land resources.  相似文献   

3.
《Urban geography》2013,34(6):520-535
Urban sprawl is eroding the traditionally compact, diverse, and mixed Southern European cities. Besides the rise in land and energy consumption, the expansion of low density urban forms also affects water, a critical resource in the region. This study examines garden watering in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona in order to illustrate the importance of outdoor water use in the urbanization process, and, following the insights provided by urban political ecology, to highlight the differences in garden types and water spending according to power relations derived from income levels. Results indicate that, generally, higher income households prefer and can afford more water-consuming Atlantic gardens whereas lower income households have to resort to more climate-adapted species. These differences produce in turn different urban natures based on who can and who cannot afford water costs.  相似文献   

4.
基于水供给服务空间流动模型的渭河流域水资源安全格局   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张城  李晶  周自翔 《地理科学》2021,41(2):350-359
基于VIC模型量化了渭河流域水资源供需平衡关系;构建了水供给服务流动模型,模拟了渭河流域2005年、2010年和2015年的水资源安全格局,利用地理探测器探寻了区域水资源安全的主要驱动力。结果表明:① 流域内水资源供需矛盾突出,平均每年有10.89 %的地区经上游水资源补给后达到用水安全,补给不充分和未受补给的区域增加,不利于流域可持续发展。② 2005年水资源安全指数(WSI)最高,2010年最低。区域WSI的变化是自然要素和人文要素综合作用的结果,其主导因素为农业耗水量和人口。③ 农业耗水和生活耗水对区域水安全的解释力最强,通过研究发现渭南市农业用水效率过低,西安咸阳市人均生活用水过高。应倡导节水型农业、控制城市用水定额、调整水费、增强居民节水意识以提高流域水资源安全。  相似文献   

5.
彭文英  刘念北 《地理科学》2015,35(5):558-564
采用单项指标估测,分析了首都圈土地资源人口承载及其限制性,提出了人口空间分布优化策略。首都圈水资源及建设用地生态适宜量限制了人口承载能力,京津土地资源人口承载力已基本达到饱和,环京津的冀东、冀中地区承载潜力还较大,冀北地区应紧缩开发空间而拓展生态空间。首都圈土地资源开发利用及人口发展战略分区为:首都圈北部生态屏障建设区,人口限制发展;中部都市功能优化区,人口控制增长;东部人口产业沿海集聚区,人口鼓励增长;南部绿色空间优化区,人口适度增长。首都圈的健康发展,应实施差异化的土地利用及人口发展政策,整体提升人口承载力,并加大区域统筹力度,科学、合理地引导人口的空间分流和聚集。  相似文献   

6.
长吉都市区能源碳足迹测度及影响因素研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
张约翰  张平宇 《地理科学》2012,(9):1099-1105
对1999~2008年长春都市区碳足迹进行计算,采用岭回归法和脱钩指数分析了经济发展与能源消费碳足迹之间的关系。结果表明:能源消费碳足迹呈现波动变化态势,1999~2002年人均能源消费碳足迹较低,2003年后呈现快速上升态势;受支柱产业能源消费特征影响,煤炭、石油所占比例呈上升趋势;生产性和生活性碳足迹均上升,能源消费碳足迹产值呈现不均衡变化态势;经济增长是能源消费碳足迹的主要影响因素,技术进步和城镇化发展作用有限;经济增长与能源消费碳足迹之间处于相对脱钩状态。  相似文献   

7.
选取我国最大绿洲城市乌鲁木齐为研究对象,基于乌鲁木齐城市经济数据和水资源数据,运用灰色关联法和SPSS软件,定量研究绿洲城市综合规模与城市用水相互作用关系。结果发现:①绿洲城市综合规模发展有利于城市用水减量化\.1995—2007年,乌鲁木齐城市综合规模与城市用水存在着较为复杂的二次曲线关系,绿洲城市综合规模在理论上存在阈值380(万人·亿元·km2),超过阈值,城市用水量减少;1995—2003年和2003—2007年,乌鲁木齐城市用水随城市综合规模发展存在着周期为3 a和1 a的波动性\.②水资源对城市综合规模发展具有较强的限制作用,表现在城市人均用水量减少。1995—2007年,乌鲁木齐综合规模发展均是在中度与严重缺水状态下发展。当城市综合规模小于中等缺水与严重缺水状态理论规模时,水资源是城市发展的促进要素,当城市综合规模超过理论规模阈值时,水资源是城市发展的障碍要素\.③乌鲁木齐城市用水结构不利于城市综合规模发展,城市综合规模与农业用水、工业用水和生活用水灰色关联度为0.784、0.781、0.622,农业用水过高、耗水量过大,工业耗水部门较多,加剧了城市水资源的短缺,阻碍了城市综合规模发展。最后提出了适度提高城市综合规模、提高水资源利用效率、调整产业结构和污水处理与利用等途径促进城市综合规模发展与水资源协调发展。  相似文献   

8.
华北平原城市用水问题研究   总被引:11,自引:7,他引:11  
本文重点分析了华北平原地区城市化发展水平、发展趋势及其与水资源利用间的关系。得出以下主要观点 :第一 ,城市用水快速增长 ,用水结构从生产、生活并重型向生产主导型转换 ;第二 ,城市水资源供需矛盾突出 ,局部地区地下水超采严重 ;第三 ,城市用水结构存在明显 4种类型 ,即生活用水比重高—人均用水水平低、生活用水比重高—人均用水水平高、生活用水比重低—人均用水水平低、生活用水比重高—人均用水水平高四类城市 ,各类城市的未来用水需求趋势存在差异 ;第四 ,未来本地区城市化水平将进一步提高 ,经济总量进一步扩大 ,水资源供需矛盾会更加突出 ,建立更有效的城市用水机制和更广泛的区域供水网络将显得非常重要。  相似文献   

9.
围绕核心城市组织的合理的区域分工体系是都市圈功能整合、和谐运作,发挥其空间组织优势的关键,而良好的区域分工往往以城市间职能的互补性为基础。采用对应分析方法,应用SPSS生成点聚图并计算反映职能互补性的统计量——总惯性,对1997年和2007年京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大都市圈核心城市的职能分工体系特征、格局以及职能互补性进行比较研究。结果显示,10 a间各都市圈以服务业职能为主的一般化职能开始分化,高端服务业职能逐步由一般化职能转变为专业化职能,并且向都市圈的中心城市集中。工业制造业职能在京津冀和长三角都市圈由一般化职能转变为专业化职能,在珠三角都市圈刚好相反。同时,工业制造业职能的分工格局在三大都市圈表现出不同的变化趋势。分工体系特征反映出三大都市圈不同的分工格局,京津冀、珠三角表现出双中心结构的分工格局,而长三角则是单中心结构的分工格局。对核心城市职能互补性的分析显示,京津冀潜在的职能互补性在三大都市圈中是最高的,但是由于产业梯度过大、区域协调机制不够完善等原因,互补性优势并未得到很好的发挥。  相似文献   

10.
基于人工湿地的水环境治理和优化技术在太湖流域的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
水质优化技术在太湖流域水污染治理中起到了重要的作用。介绍了几类常用的基于人工湿地的水质优化技术,包括农村生活污水治理技术、城镇生活污水厂水质优化技术、河道治理技术及雨水治理技术。阐述了人工湿地在太湖流域水系统优化中的应用,包括阳澄湖莲花岛生态湿地对农村生活污水的治理和常熟新材料产业园生态湿地对工业尾水的治理,2个项目水处理效果良好,达到了相应的水质要求。探讨了基于人工湿地的水质优化技术在太湖流域水环境治理和优化的前景,该技术可在海绵城市建设、城镇污水处理厂提标、黑臭河道整治等领域推广和应用。  相似文献   

11.
Although Mediterranean cities have inherent differences on a local scale, together they offer a kaleidoscopic overview of distinctive morphologies and patterns of socio-spatial segregation. In this study, we explore the distribution of residential swimming pools as indicators of the use of land and water at the metropolitan scale, in relation to recent changes in the socio-spatial structure of a large Mediterranean city (Athens, Greece). Our results indicate a polarized spatial distribution of swimming pools, still considered a luxury affordable only for a minor segment of the Greek population. The analysis highlights the spatial linkages between concentration of residential pools, class segregation and low-density settlements, indicating that the socio-spatial structure of Athens remains characterized by persistent disparities between rich and poor neighborhoods. Comparison with another Mediterranean city (Barcelona) demonstrates the peculiarity of Athens’ recent development as reflected in the fragmented and polarized urban structure. The study provides an alternative reading of recent Mediterranean urban growth by considering pools as a “landmark” for urban sprawl, producing contested landscapes of localized social segregation.  相似文献   

12.
北京市制造业空间格局演化及影响因子分析   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
张晓平  孙磊 《地理学报》2012,67(10):1308-1316
制造业的空间扩散是推动城市空间结构呈现多极化、多中心地域系统的主要驱动力, 对制造业区位变迁及影响因素的研究是认识城市空间重构机制的微观基础。本研究基于北京市1996、2001、2010 年制造业企业数据, 以邮政编码区为空间单元, 刻画了北京市制造业空间集聚格局及演化特征。采用计量模型, 检验了导致北京制造业空间重构的主要区位因子, 对比了这些影响因子作用强度随时间的变化以及在制造业行业间的差异。结果表明, 北京市的制造业在中心城区的集聚度明显减弱, 呈显著的郊区化集聚;主要集聚区位于距市中心半径为15~35 km的空间范围内, 总体空间格局呈现出大都市区尺度上的扩散以及产业园区尺度的再集聚特征。计量模型计算结果显示, 区位通达度、集聚经济、科技园区规划与政策引导是北京制造业总体空间格局演化的主要驱动因素, 但不同区位因子的作用强度存在行业间差异。本研究揭示了北京市的制造业空间重组机制是政府规划引导下的市场经济作用机制。认识到城市经济活动空间重组中市场与政府的交互作用机理, 有助于决策者对转型期大都市区制造业空间集聚和扩散格局进行更加有效地引导, 以优化大都市区的空间结构与功能体系。  相似文献   

13.
Homeowners living in single-family detached housing have dominated the literature exploring drivers of residential water use. Meanwhile, rentals, multiunit buildings, and residences governed by private associations are an increasingly important component of the American residential landscape. We used data from a large sample of households in northern Utah cities to explore the effects of these nontraditional housing arrangements on water use decision-making, attitudes and behaviors, and their implications for urban water management. After accounting for the sociodemographic characteristics of respondent households, we found that residents of nontraditional housing arrangements are much less likely to have authority over key water use decisions, and differ significantly from residents of traditional housing in regards to water use perceptions and concerns, self-reported water behaviors, and support for various local water policy options. Traditional approaches to urban residential water management should be adapted to renters, residents in multiunit buildings, and members of community associations.  相似文献   

14.
中国东部地区国内旅游消费与城镇化协调关系研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
王新越  伍烨轩 《地理科学》2018,38(7):1139-1147
国内旅游消费与城镇化发展关系密切,以中国东部地区10个省市为研究对象,通过构建国内旅游消费和城镇化评价指标体系,综合运用熵值法、协整检验、TOPSIS评价法和协调度模型测度中国东部地区2000~2014年国内旅游消费与城镇化的综合水平和协调程度,并进行动态时空演化分析,最后根据K-Means聚类算法划分出4种发展类型。研究结果表明:中国东部地区国内旅游消费与城镇化存在长期均衡的协整关系;国内旅游消费与城镇化的协调程度不断提高,但地区差异明显;国内旅游消费与城镇化存在4种协调类型,即优良协调型(北京、天津)、城镇化滞后型(江苏、浙江、广东)、国内旅游消费滞后型(上海)、双滞后型(河北、山东、福建和海南),并针对不同类型省市提出发展建议。  相似文献   

15.
《Urban geography》2013,34(4):434-452
Principal components analysis of small-area data provided by China's 2000 Population Census shows that major new economic and social forces largely shape the spatial composition of housing in Guangzhou. This is generally manifested in a series of concentric rings: the old urban core, the middle zone of reform housing, and the outer ring of new commodity housing. In addition, urban villages punctuate the metropolitan landscape. Corresponding analysis of sociodemographic attributes depict a metropolis in transition, with market elements and choice-based housing decisions beginning to impinge on the urban fabric. However, the deeply entrenched socialist institutions established during the early years of the People's Republic ensure the continuing dominance of the workplace and occupational attributes as factors structuring China's metropolitan space.  相似文献   

16.
土库曼斯坦水资源现状及利用问题   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
土库曼斯坦地处亚洲中部干旱区西南部,沙漠广布,水资源短缺,是阿姆河等跨界河流水资源的主要消耗区,水资源利用问题及矛盾十分突出。开展该国水资源及其开发利用研究,对研究跨界河流及极度干旱区水资源可持续利用具有重要的借鉴意义。土库曼斯坦是中亚水资源总量最少的国家,河流多数跨界,出入境水量约为233×108 m3,可利用水量远大于国内水资源总量,其中地表水资源总量约为9.39×108 m3,地下水可开采量为5.69×108 m3,而该国最主要的水利工程——卡拉库姆运河调来了阿姆河近1/3的水量,增加了灌溉面积。在水资源利用中,实际用水量的90%以上被用于农业灌溉,工业用水占7%左右,城市生活用水占2%。土库曼斯坦水资源主要靠调水工程和灌渠从界外引入,由于缺乏技术和资金支持,基础设施老化、管理混乱、水资源纷争复杂多变等水资源利用问题十分突出。在全球变化背景下,土库曼斯坦应加强在水资源的合理配置与高效利用、水资源国际合作等方面的工作,合理开发利用水资源。  相似文献   

17.
城市群研究述评与展望   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
自从法国地理学家戈特曼提出大都市带(Megalopolis)的概念之后,城市群作为一种特殊形态的城市体系,成为城市地理学的核心研究内容。国外学者相继提出半城市化区域、全球城市—区域、多中心巨型城市—区域等概念,其研究都建立在都市区基础之上,强调城市之间以及城乡之间密切的功能联系。中国学者提出了都市连绵区、城市群等概念,并开展了大量研究工作。都市连绵区的界定立足于都市区基础之上,亦与国际上相关的研究接轨。但城市群在国内更为流行,且被写进国家五年发展规划纲要之中。城市群作为中国区域发展空间战略的重心,发挥着区域经济增长极的作用。国内城市群研究却存在着概念含糊、界定模糊等问题。城市群是都市区之间强烈的相互作用形成的,相关研究必须建立在都市区基础之上,才能避免概念以及空间尺度的混淆。中国官方并未有都市区的界定方案。结合第六次人口普查数据,加强对都市区和城市群界定的研究,立足于都市连绵区基础之上,开展跨学科研究,深入分析不同空间尺度城市群集聚与扩散模式,建立起中国城市群研究范式。  相似文献   

18.
《Urban geography》2013,34(4):307-333
This study describes and explains geographic patterns of support for basic dimensions of urban electoral behavior. Sixty-two ballots reduce to two major electoral dimensions, one partisan, one issue-oriented, which have very strong geographic identity. Findings indicate that partisan responses are governed by position in both the sphere of production and sphere of consumption. Issue politics, on the other hand, are affected most strongly by position in the sphere of production even though they often include what appear to be consumption-oriented ballots. Location within the metropolitan region is implicated in the ways consumption and production relations are joined within individuals and in the political cultures of the central city and suburbs.  相似文献   

19.
We investigate spatial patterns of residential and nonresidential land use for 257 United States metropolitan areas in 1990 and 2000, measured with 14 empirical indices. We find that metropolitan areas became denser during the 1990s but developed in more sprawl-like patterns across all other dimensions, on average. By far, the largest changes in our land use metrics occurred in the realm of employment, which became more prevalent per unit of geographic area, but less spatially concentrated and farther from the historical urban core, on average. Our exploratory factor analyses reveal that four factors summarize land use patterns in both years, and remained relatively stable across the two years: intensity, compactness, mixing, and core-dominance. Mean factor scores vary by metropolitan population, water proximity, type, and Census region. Improved measurement of metropolitan land use patterns can facilitate policy and planning decisions intended to minimize the most egregious aspects of urban sprawl.  相似文献   

20.
珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陆林  汤云云 《地理科学》2014,34(1):10-18
以珠江三角洲(下称珠三角)都市圈国内主要客源地2009~2011年度中国100强旅行社官网旅游线路报价单为基础数据,研究了珠三角都市圈发展较为成熟阶段的旅游者空间行为模式及目的地类型,发现:① 珠三角都市圈旅游者空间行为模式总体上以营区基地式和完全环游式为主。不同客源地旅游者行为模式差异较大,广东省内旅游者以单目的地式和港澳小环游为主,其余客源地旅游者多采用营区基地式、往返式、区域环游式和完全环游式等旅行模式;② 珠三角都市圈各城市在旅游线路中出现的频次存在较大差异,总体呈现出3个等级层次关系,不同城市在大小珠三角都市圈以及不同客源地旅游线路中的角色与地位不同,据此得出珠三角都市圈各客源地的空间行为模式图;③ 比较大小珠三角都市圈在空间行为模式上的差异,发现港澳与珠三角地区在旅游发展上逐渐成为一个联系紧密的整体,但实现三地旅游一体化尚待时日。  相似文献   

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