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1.
雅丹地貌因其多样形态类型长期以来吸引人们的关注,对其形态特征描述也成为研究热点。作为雅丹地貌形态最早命名地,罗布泊地区雅丹因其形态的独特性和复杂性闻名,然而对该地区雅丹形态特征和发育演化过程的深入研究较为缺乏。本文结合野外实测数据和UAV（小型无人机）所摄地景影像,采用地形数字化方法提取地貌原始数据,选定形态参数后识别测量得到雅丹形态参数数据,基于以上数据和前人研究成果尝试描述罗布泊地区雅丹形态特征并对该地区雅丹演化过程进行讨论。主要结论有：① 罗布泊地区雅丹长度集中分布在20 m以下,少有长度> 160 m,宽度集中分布在8 m以下,高度多2 m以下,表明区内雅丹个体规模总体较小,低矮雅丹在数量上占绝对优势;雅丹长宽比值呈现连续增加的变化过程,伴随高度的增加长宽比值迅速增大,由2∶1逐步增大到4∶1,并持续升至10∶1以上,走向分布集中于22.5°~67.5°,与主风向相类似,雅丹个体平面形态呈现连续变化过程;雅丹的相邻雅丹数值集中分布在3~4个,平均顶间距分布在< 20 m和40~80 m区间,显示罗布泊地区雅丹空间特征的多样性。在个体雅丹形态以外,初成雅丹和雅丹共基座现象是罗布泊地区主要存在的2种复杂化雅丹形态表现。② 罗布泊地区雅丹理想演化模式经历初成期、青年期、成熟期和衰亡期4个阶段,由于存在地层岩性、风力剥蚀、流水作用等控制因素影响,造就了类型复杂、变化多样的罗布泊地区雅丹形态现状。③ 罗布泊地区雅丹发育具有多期性,第四纪以来主要存在晚更新世、早全新世、晚全新世和小冰期等4个发育期,结合形态特征和环境演化情况推测龙城和白龙堆雅丹形成于晚更新世,楼兰北部高大雅丹形成于早全新世,楼兰中北部雅丹多数形成于晚全新世,而楼兰地区的低矮雅丹形成于小冰期;依据地层年代和雅丹高度数据,计算得到0.5 ka B.P.后楼兰遗址附近平均风蚀速率为6.2 mm a-1。精确描述罗布泊地区雅丹形态特征并探讨其演化过程,对于了解雅丹形态控制因素影响程度,深入分析区域风蚀过程具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
柴达木盆地西北部长垄状雅丹沉积物地球化学元素组成及指示意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
雅丹沉积物蕴含丰富的区域环境变化和物源演变信息。以柴达木盆地西北部的长垄状雅丹为研究对象,通过对地球化学元素的研究,探讨沉积物的化学风化特征及其对物质输移的指示意义。结果表明：（1）雅丹沉积物的常量元素以SiO2、CaO、Al2O3、MgO和Na2O为主,微量元素Cl、Sr、Ba和Zr含量较高。相较于上陆壳平均化学元素组成,雅丹沉积物常量元素CaO和MgO富集程度较高,微量元素中Cl和As富集程度较高。（2）雅丹沉积物的CIA值平均为39.03,且在A-CN-K三角图上准平行于A-CN连线,主体在斜长石与钾长石连线的下方,因此雅丹沉积物的化学风化程度较低,处于初期的脱Na、Ca阶段。（3）特征元素比值表明雅丹体内赋存的大量细颗粒物质为廊道流沙的源区。细颗粒物质经过外营力的风化、剥蚀等过程而出露,在雅丹廊道内堆积并向下风向输移,遇阻堆积而形成沙丘。雅丹是否为下风向黄土的物源区,尚需进一步验证。 相似文献
3.
雅丹是干旱区常见的风蚀地貌，也是风沙地貌学界关注和争论的焦点。以柴达木盆地西北部冷湖地区的典型长垄状雅丹为对象，对其出露剖面的沉积物粒度特征进行了研究。结果表明：长垄状雅丹沉积物中粉沙组分含量最高，平均为44.03%；沙粒组分含量次之，平均为35.99%；黏粒组含量最低，平均为19.98%。沉积物频率曲线既有主次峰明确的双峰分布曲线，也有主次峰不明确的双峰和单峰分布曲线；前者可能为风力搬运堆积形成的沉积物，后两种曲线宽平，沉积物分选性差，可能为湖相沉积形成。沉积粒度参数在垂直剖面呈现出一定的变化规律，但是粒度参数之间没有显著的相关关系。长垄状雅丹沉积物呈明显的软硬岩层（即沙质亚砂土与粉质黏土或沙质亚黏土与粉质亚黏土）互层的现象，这为风力的吹蚀和磨蚀作用创造了有利条件。 相似文献
4.
库姆塔格沙漠沉积物粒度端元特征及其物源启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
关于沙漠沉积物粒度的研究已经开展得十分广泛,但是从粒度资料中提取沙漠沉积物的搬运和物源信息的工作仍较薄弱。为此,将端元模型分析技术应用到沙漠沉积物物源判断研究中,对库姆塔格沙漠的沉积物(包括沙丘和丘间地)进行粒度端元提取,并结合各端元的沉积动力特征、空间分布格局及与潜在物源的对比,对沙漠的物质来源进行了判断。结果表明:端元1(66.90~309.52 μm)为由三垄沙、雅丹和阿尔金山冲洪积物共同组成的细粒跃移质;端元2(163.48~586.00 μm)为全由三垄沙和雅丹贡献的较粗跃移质;端元3(309.52~2 711.36 μm和66.90~143.90 μm)则为被后期改造了的阿尔金山冲洪积物。通过各端元的空间分布格局和与潜在物源沉积物端元的对比,我们认为三垄沙、雅丹和阿尔金山冲洪积物均为库姆塔格沙漠沙丘和丘间地提供了物源供应,但北部的三垄沙和雅丹对沙丘贡献较多,而南部的阿尔金山冲洪积物则对丘间地贡献较多。另外,通过对端元1的分析,我们更倾向于认为在库姆塔格沙漠沉积物的部分粒级和局部地区存在丘间地为沙丘提供物源这一过程。 相似文献
5.
输沙势（DP）是风沙地貌研究中使用的一个重要参数,但是在风蚀地貌,如雅丹地貌研究中,鲜有使用者。本文利用建立在察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌区的自动气象观测仪所记录的风速数据,分析了雅丹地貌区的风速、风向及输沙势变化特征。结果表明:该区起沙风的月平均风速在6.2～7.4 m·s-1之间波动,月最大风速变化范围为9.9～15.0 m·s-1。起沙风主要发生于春、夏两季,发生频率分别为39.63%、31.45%。起沙风风向以WNW、W为主,分别占年起沙风的41.05%、20.02%。年DP为326 VU,年RDP为235 VU,为中风能环境。年净输沙方向为ESE。方向变率指数（RDP/DP）0.72,为中比率,对应风向变率也为中等,为钝双峰风况。雅丹体长轴走向与盛行风向基本一致,该区雅丹地貌的形成以风力作用为主。 相似文献
6.
察尔汗盐湖线形沙丘沙物质来源及输移路径 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
采用地球化学元素方法,探讨了察尔汗盐湖北岸线形沙丘的沙物质来源,并对区域物质输移路径进行了讨论。结果表明：戈壁、雅丹廊道流沙和线形沙丘的常量元素均以SiO2、Al2O3和CaO为主,微量元素均以Cl、Ba、Sr和Co含量较高;线形沙丘与戈壁表层沉积物的常量与微量元素的UCC标准化值分布模式均较一致,且与距盐湖较近的雅丹廊道流沙也存在一定程度的相似性;沉积物的化学风化程度较弱,均处于早期的脱Na、Ca阶段,且在A-CN-K三角图中均位于大陆风化趋势线的反向延长线上,可能代表河流溶质的风化趋势。因此,戈壁表层沉积物和雅丹廊道流沙在线形沙丘形成过程中均可提供沙物质来源,且前者提供的沙物质应该更多。柴达木盆地可能为其下风向黄土的物质源区之一,但是提供的粉尘颗粒有限。 相似文献
7.
为了明确柴达木盆地雅丹地貌发育的风况特征,对盆地中南部鲸背状雅丹区和西北部长垄状雅丹区的风况分别进行了长期的野外实地观测。对实测的风速风向数据按照罗盘16方位分风速段统计分析,计算输沙势,得到柴达木盆地雅丹地貌区风况数据集。该数据集包括两个数据文件：（1）盆地中南部的鲸背状雅丹区风况数据（WinReg_WhaleBackYardang_QB）;（2）盆地西北部的长垄状雅丹区风况数据（WinReg_LongRidgeYardang_QB）。每个数据文件均包含3个工作表,分别为观测周期内的原始风速风向记录,各月份、季节、年度的风频和输沙势。本数据集存储为.xls格式,压缩后的数据量为2.73 MB。本数据集不仅可准确阐释柴达木盆地雅丹地貌发育的风况特征,也为进一步研究雅丹地貌的发育演化模式奠定了基础。本数据集的相关研究成果发表在《中国沙漠》2013年33卷第5期和《Journal of Arid Land》2019年11卷第5期。 相似文献
8.
察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌沉积物粒度特征研究 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
对雅丹地貌沉积物的研究可以判别雅丹地貌沉积物形成的沉积环境。主要采用了粒度分析方法对察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌的沉积物进行分析研究。结果表明:①形成雅丹地貌的沉积物主要包括粉沙、极细沙、黏土和细沙;②粒度分布曲线主要有呈不对称的双峰分布、近乎对称的双峰分布和单峰分布等4种类型。呈双峰态的分布曲线,主、次峰均位于粉沙粒级和极细沙粒级,区别仅是两个粒级含量的高低;③雅丹地貌沉积物的平均粒径介于3.95～7.18 Φ之间,平均值为5.97 Φ;标准离差变化范围为1.37～2.47,平均值为1.99;偏度的变化范围为-0.27～0.58,平均值为0.10;峰态的值介于0.71～1.28之间,平均值为0.93。运用萨胡判别公式及沉积物粒度组成和粒度分布曲线特征进行判断,可知察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌沉积物的形成环境主要为湖相、滨湖相和河流、三角洲沉积环境,同时还有浊流沉积和极少的风沙沉积环境,形成环境十分复杂。 相似文献
9.
Pliocene–Quaternary basins of the Ionian islands evolved in a complex tectonic setting that evolved from a mid to late Cenozoic compressional zone of the northern external Hellenides to the rapidly extending Pliocene–Quaternary basins of the Peloponnese. The northern limit of the Hellenic Trench marks the junction of these two tectonic regimes. A foreland-propagating fold and thrust system in the northern external Hellenides segmented the former Miocene continental margin basin in Zakynthos and permitted diapiric intrusion of Triassic gypsum along thrust ramps. Further inboard, coeval extensional basins developed, with increasing rates of subsidence from the Pliocene to Quaternary, resulting in four principal types of sedimentation: (1) condensed shelf-sedimentation on the flanks of rising anticlines; (2) coarse-grained sedimentation in restricted basins adjacent to evaporitic diapirs rising along thrust ramps; (3) larger basins between fold zones were filled by extrabasinal, prodeltaic mud and sand from the proto-Acheloos river; (4) margins of subsiding Quaternary basins were supplied at sea-level highstands by distal deltaic muds and at lowstands by locally derived coarse clastic sediment. 相似文献
10.
The Quaternary evolution and the morpho-sedimentary features of some of the most important rivers in Spain (Ebro and Tagus rivers among others) have been controlled by subsidence due to alluvial karstification of the evaporitic bedrock. The subsidence mechanism may range from catastrophic collapse to slow sagging of the alluvium by passive bending. In the Ebro Basin, the mechanisms and processes involved in karstic subsidence were studied through the analysis of present-day closed depressions as well as through old subsidence depressions (palaeocollapses and solution-induced basins) and associated deformations recorded in the Quaternary alluvial sediments. The Gállego–Ebro river system is presented as a case study of channel adjustments and geomorphic and sedimentary evolution of fluvial systems in dissolution-induced subsidence areas. In this fluvial system, evaporite dissolution during particular Quaternary time intervals (namely early and middle Pleistocene) have lead to the development of a solution-induced basin, approximately 30 km-long by 8 km-wide, filled by Quaternary deposits with a total thickness in excess of 190 m. The main river response to balance the subsidence in the alluvial plain was aggradation in the central reach of the subsiding area, and degradation both in the upstream reach and in the valley sides where alluvial fans and covered pediments may prograde over the fluvial sediments. The main sinking areas are recognized in the sedimentary record by anomalous thickenings in the alluvial deposits and fine-grained sediments deposited in backswamp and ponded areas. 相似文献
11.
The detrital record of late‐Miocene to Pliocene surface uplift and exhumation of the Venezuelan Andes in the Maracaibo and Barinas foreland basins 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. A. Bermúdez C. Hoorn M. Bernet E. Carrillo P. A. van der Beek J. I. Garver J. L. Mora K. Mehrkian 《Basin Research》2017,29(Z1):370-395
A multidisciplinary approach, combining sediment petrographic, palynological and thermochronological techniques, has been used to study the Miocene‐Pliocene sedimentary record of the evolution of the Venezuelan Andes. Samples from the Maracaibo (pro‐wedge) and Barinas (retro‐wedge) foreland basins, proximal to this doubly vergent mountain belt, indicate that fluvial and alluvial‐fan sediments of similar composition were shed to both sides of the Venezuelan Andes. Granitic and gneissic detritus was derived from the core of the mountain belt, whereas sedimentary cover rocks and uplifted foreland basin sediments were recycled from its flanks. Palynological evidence from the Maracaibo and Barinas basins constrains depositional ages of the studied sections from late Miocene to Pliocene. The pollen assemblages from the Maracaibo Basin are indicative of mountain vegetation, implying surface elevations of up to 3500–4000 m in the Venezuelan Andes at this time. Detrital apatite fission‐track (AFT) data were obtained from both stratigraphic sections. In samples from the Maracaibo basin, the youngest AFT grain‐age population has relatively static minimum ages of 5 ± 2 Ma, whereas for the Barinas basin samples AFT minimum ages are 7 ± 2 Ma. With exception of two samples collected from the Eocene Pagüey Formation and from the very base of the Miocene Parángula Formation, no evidence for resetting and track annealing in apatite due to burial heating in the basins was found. This is supported by rock‐eval analyses on organic matter and thermal modelling results. Therefore, for all other samples the detrital AFT ages reflect source area cooling and impose minimum age constraints on sediment deposition. The main phase of surface uplift, topography and relief generation, and erosional exhumation in the Venezuelan Andes occurred during the late Miocene to Pliocene. The Neogene evolution of the Venezuelan Andes bears certain similarities with the evolution of the Eastern Cordillera in Colombia, although they are not driven by exactly the same underlying geodynamic processes. The progressive development of the two mountain belts is seen in the context of collision of the Panama arc with northwestern South America and the closure of the Panama seaway in Miocene times, as well as contemporaneous movement of the Caribbean plate to the east and clock‐wise rotation of the Maracaibo block. 相似文献
12.
Xudong Zhao Huiping Zhang Honghua Lv Yuanyuan Lü Xuemei Li Kang Liu Jiawei Zhang Jianguo Xiong 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):291-311
The Chinese Tian Shan is one of the most actively growing orogenic ranges in Central Asia. The Late Miocene‐Quaternary landscape evolution of northern Tian Shan has been significantly driven by the interaction between tectonic deformations and climate change, further modulated by the erosion of the upstream bedrocks and deposition into the downstream basins. In this study, only the accessible Kuitun River drainage basin in northern Tian Shan was considered, and detrital zircon geochronology and heavy minerals were analyzed to investigate the signature of the driving forces for Miocene sedimentation in northern Tian Shan. This study first confirmed a previously recognized tectonic uplift at ca. 7.0 Ma and further revealed that the basin sediments were mainly derived from the present glacier‐covered ridge‐crest regions during 3.3–2.5 Ma. It is suggested Late‐Pliocene to Early Pleistocene sedimentation was likely a response to the onset of the northern hemispheric glaciation. Although complicated, this study highlights that the tectonic‐climatic interaction during the Late Cenozoic orogenesis can be discriminated in the northern Chinese Tian Shan. 相似文献
13.
江苏海岸侵蚀过程及其趋势 总被引：51，自引：2，他引：51
江苏省侵蚀海岸的总长度为 30 1 7km ,分为 4段 :废黄河三角洲海岸、港海岸、吕四海岸以及海州湾的沙质海岸。各段海岸侵蚀原因不同。废黄河三角洲海岸是因黄河改道失去泥沙来源 ;吕四与港海岸则因辐射沙洲调整过程中滨岸水道的向岸移动造成的 ;而北部沙岸则是因人类活动 (上游建设水库及开挖海滩沙 )的干扰。江苏海岸是一个沉积物准封闭系统 ,全球性海平面上升将加剧这一侵蚀过程 ,预计未来侵蚀海岸的长度将增加 ,辐射沙洲区的外围沙洲将因侵蚀而向中心区退缩。一些目前是隐型侵蚀的岸段将向显性侵蚀的阶段发展。由于连云港到长江口北支的岸段是软性海岸 ,缺乏硬质节点 ,在没有建造大型人工设施的前提下 ,估计江苏海岸动态及制定开发规划时必须考虑平直化的大趋势。 相似文献
14.
Mauricio Parra Andrés Mora Carlos Jaramillo Vladimir Torres Gerold Zeilinger Manfred R. Strecker 《Basin Research》2010,22(6):874-903
In order to evaluate the relationship between thrust loading and sedimentary facies evolution, we analyse the progradation of fluvial coarse‐grained deposits in the retroarc foreland basin system of the northern Andes of Colombia. We compare the observed sedimentary facies distribution with the calculated one‐dimensional (1D) Eocene to Quaternary sediment‐accumulation rates in the Medina wedge‐top basin and with a three‐dimensional (3D) sedimentary budget based on the interpretation of ～1800 km of industry‐style seismic reflection profiles and borehole data. Age constraints are derived from a new chronostratigraphic framework based on extensive fossil palynological assemblages. The sedimentological data from the Medina Basin reveal rapid accumulation of fluvial and lacustrine sediments at rates of up to ～500 m my?1 during the Miocene. Provenance data based on gravel petrography and paleocurrents reveal that these Miocene fluvial systems were sourced from Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sedimentary units exposed to the west in the Eastern Cordillera. Peak sediment‐accumulation rates in the upper Carbonera Formation and the Guayabo Group occur during episodes of coarse‐grained facies progradation in the early and late Miocene proximal foredeep. We interpret this positive correlation between sediment accumulation and gravel deposition as the direct consequence of thrust activity along the Servitá–Lengupá faults. This contrasts with one class of models relating gravel progradation in more distal portions of foreland basin systems to episodes of tectonic quiescence. 相似文献
15.
Reconnaissance level geomorphological observations in the northern part of Evia (Euboea) Island, suggest that a major topographic feature, the 17 km long and 15 km wide Nileas depression (NDpr), corresponds to a previously undetected graben structure, bounded by fault zones of ENE–WSW to NE–SW general strike. These fault zones have been active in the Quaternary, since they affect the Neogene deposits of the Limni–Histiaia basin. They strike transverse to the NW–SE active fault zones that bound northern Evia in the specific area and are characterised along most of their length by subtle geomorphic signatures in areas of extensive forest cover and poor exposure.The NDpr was formed during the Early–Middle Quaternary, after the deposition of the Neogene basin fill. During the Middle–Late Quaternary, the NW–SE fault zones that bound northern Evia have been the main active structures, truncating and uplifting the NDpr to a perched position in relation to the northern Gulf of Evia graben and the submarine basin on the Aegean side of the island. The present-day morphology of the NDpr, with an interior (floor) comprised of Middle Pleistocene erosional surfaces extensively dissected by drainages, was shaped by erosion during this uplift. Judging from their geomorphic signatures, the fault zones that bound the NDpr must have been characterised by low or very low rates of activity during the Late Quaternary. Yet, that they may still be accommodating strain today is suggested by moderate earthquakes that have been recorded within the NDpr.The fault zone at the SE flank of the NDpr (Prokopi–Pelion fault zone) may be very important in terms of earthquake segmentation of the active NW–SE Dirfys fault zone that controls the Aegean coast of northern Evia, given that the intersection between the two presents striking morpho-structural similarities with the intersection of two fault zones with the same directions on the mainland (the Atalanti and Hyampolis fault zones), which is known to have acted as a barrier to the propagation of the Atalanti earthquake ruptures in 1894. 相似文献
16.
《Basin Research》2018,30(3):502-521
The Menderes Massif is a Tertiary metamorphic core complex tectonically exhumed in the late Oligocene–Miocene during coeval development of a series of E–W‐trending basins. This study analyses the source‐to‐sink evolution of the Gediz Graben and the exhumation pattern of the Central Menderes Massif at the footwall and hanging wall of the Gediz Detachment Fault. We use a comprehensive approach to detrital apatite fission track dating combining analysis of modern river sediments, analysis of fossil sedimentary successions and mineral fertility determinations. This approach allowed us to: (i) define the modern short‐term erosion pattern of the study area, (ii) unravel the long‐term exhumation history, (iii) identify major exhumation events recorded in the sedimentary basin fill and (iv) constrain the maximum depositional age of the sedimentary succession. Three main exhumation events are recorded in the analysed detrital samples: (i) a late Oligocene/early Miocene exhumation event involving the whole Menderes Massif; (ii) a late Miocene event involving the northern edge of the Central Menderes Massif; (iii) a Plio‐Quaternary more localized event involving only the western part of the southern margin of the basin (Salihli area) and bringing to the surface the Gediz Detachment and its intrusive footwall (Salihli granodiorite). The modern short‐term erosion pattern closely reflects this latter Plio‐Quaternary event. Single grain‐age distributions in the sedimentary basin fill highlight drainage pattern reorganizations in correspondence of the transition between different stratigraphic units, and allowed to better constrain the depositional age of the sedimentary units of the basin pointing to a possible onset of sedimentation in the basin during the middle Miocene. 相似文献
17.
The geomorphology of Heard Island-McDonald Island is primarily the product of close interplay between volcanism, glaciation, and vigorous marine processes in a stormy sub-Antarctic environment. The dominant landform is the strato-volcano Big Ben (2745m), which is the highest mountain on Australian territory outside Antarctica. Other volcanic landforms include scoria cones, domes, open vertical volcanic conduits, lava flows and lava tubes. Volcanic activity is ongoing from the summit of Big Ben, and from Samarang Hill on McDonald Island. Early, but unproven, glacial sediments may exist within the Late Miocene - Early Pliocene Drygalski Formation, which forms a 300m high plateau along the northern coast of Heard Island. Growth of the present glaciers, some of which reach sea level, has been a response to progressive growth of the volcanoes. A variety of erosional and depositional glacial landforms is present, including major lateral moraines and extensive hummocky moraines. Vigorous longshore drift and an abundant sediment supply have produced a large spit at the downdrift end of the island, and formed bars from reworked glacigenic sediment that now impound proglacial estuarine lagoons, some of which have grown rapidly over recent decades as tidewater glaciers have retreated. Integrated study of the volcanic, glacial and coastal sequences offers the possibility of constructing a well-dated record of climate change. Research into the geomorphology, surficial sediments, and contemporary geomorphological processes, including glaciofluvial sediment flux, is also important as an aid to environmental management on land, and to management of the adjacent marine environment. 相似文献
18.
Field studies and petrographic examinations of core samples and of the bedrock of the floor of the Qattara Depression, Egypt, indicate that salt weathering predominates in its western part in marked contrast to its eastern part. The eastern part of the depression is covered with more than 120-cm-thick, moist sands with sporadic occurrence of halite and gypsum due to the low salinity of the groundwater table. At the western part of the depression, the strongly saline, sodium chloride nature of the groundwater table favors crystallization of halite (and sometimes gypsum) at or near the surface of the outcropping bedrock of the Moghra clastics and/or Dabaa shale. Crystallization of halite and/or gypsum generates increased pressure that leads to mechanical disintegration of the bedrock into fine-grained debris. Features related to disintegration include blistering of the rock surface, splitting, spalling and/or granular disintegration.Alternation of dry and wet cycles favor halite crystallization, mechanical disintegration of the outcropping bedrock and dissolution of the halite cement, which exposes fine-grained debris to wind deflation. Removal of the debris from the floor of the depression leads to the accumulation of lunettes and other dunes in the downwind direction.Therefore, salt weathering provides fine-grained debris that are easily removed by deflation, which accounts for the topographically lower level of the western part of the depression (134 m below sea level (b.s.l.)). In contrast, the presence of moist sediments at the eastern part of the depression inhibits deflation and encourages sedimentation by adhesion of wind-blown sand to the damp surface of the sabkha at an elevation of 45 m below sea level.The disintegration of the bedrock of the Qattara Depression by salt weathering has been in effect since the onset of aridity in northern Egypt in Quaternary time. Whereas the initial excavation of the depression started in Late Miocene or Pliocene time by fluvial erosion, karstic process, mass-wasting and wind deflation. 相似文献
19.
A vast bajada consisting of coalescing low-gradient (< 0.3°) alluvial fans exceeding 100 km in length formed along the southwestern margin of the Oman Mountains. It comprises an old fan sequence of inferred Miocene to Pliocene age termed Barzaman Formation, diagenetically highly altered to dolomitic clays, and a thin veneer of weakly cemented Quaternary gravels. A combination of remote sensing, lithological analyses and luminescence dating is used to interpret the complex aggradation history of the Quaternary alluvial fans from the interior of Oman in the context of independent regional climate records. From satellite imagery and clast analysis four fans can be discerned in the study area. While two early periods of fan formation are tentatively correlated to the Miocene–Pliocene and the Early Pleistocene, luminescence dating allows the distinction of five phases of fan aggradation during the Middle–Late Pleistocene. These phases are correlated with pluvial periods from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 through 3, when southern Arabia was affected by monsoonal precipitation. It is concluded that the aggradation of the alluvial fans was triggered by the interplay of increased sediment production during arid periods and high rainfall with enhanced erosion of hillslopes and transport rates during strong monsoon phases. However, the lack of fine-grained sediments, bioturbation and organic material implies that although the Quaternary fans are sourced by monsoonal rains they formed in a semi-arid environment. Thus, it appears that, in contrast to the Oman Mountains, the interior was not directly affected by monsoonal precipitation. 相似文献
20.
甘肃瓜州锁阳城南雅丹地貌区起沙风况与输沙势特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以2016—2018年定位气象观测数据为依据，分析了甘肃瓜州锁阳城南雅丹地貌区的起沙风况及输沙势变化情况。结果表明：（1）研究区起沙风由两组风向近似相反的风所组成，主风向为NE-E，占全年起沙风的68.86%，次风向为WSW-WNW向，占27.67%；（2）年平均起沙风频率为19.0%，春季和夏季起沙风频率最高，分别占全年的33.57%和34.69%，各季起沙风向分布特征基本一致；（3）研究区风况类型为高风能环境和中等风向变率的钝双峰型风况。输沙势的大小和方向变率具有明显的季节性，春、夏季的总输沙势（DP）和合成输沙势（RDP）较高，夏季和冬季的方向变率RDP/DP值较高，合成输沙方向（RDD）245.45°~253.01°（WSW）；（4）研究区雅丹地貌长轴走向与主输沙方向一致，说明风力是其形成的主要动力条件。 相似文献