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1.
利用多波段联合观测数据,综合分析研究了一个发生于2007年5月23日的日冕物质抛射(Coronal Mass Ejection,CME)爆发事件的起源和初始阶段的物理演化过程.该CME起源于活动区10956内的一个并没有严格地位于活动区极性反转线上的U形活动区暗条,该暗条首先被扰动,然后从中间部分开始缓慢上升.在暗条上升运动过程中,从极紫外和软X射线像上可观测到位于暗条上方的日冕磁环也在不断地上升并且有持续向外的扩张运动.最终,这些冕环和暗条一起爆发并伴随着一个位于暗条断开位置附近的日冕暗化区域的形成.这一爆发过程还伴随着一个静止轨道业务卫星(GeostationaryOperational Environmental Satellites,GOES)软X射线流量级别为B5.3的亚耀斑发生,该光斑显示出与CME之间具有在时间和空间上的紧密联系.与CME的"标准"磁流绳模型一致,这些太阳表面活动可以看作是CME的初始演化阶段在日面上的表现信号,并且该CME的亮前锋可能是由预先存在于暗条上方的冕环体系直接演化而来.另外,文中还讨论了与该事件相关的暗条爆发、耀斑、冕环扩张和消失以及日冕暗化之间的关系. 相似文献
2.
据X射线、可见光(H_α及白光)和射电波段的观测资料,对1981年4月1日太阳大爆发(4N/X2.3)作了综合描述。分析指出:大黑子光桥的消减(作为磁通量变化或磁流浮现的一种形式)、黑子的隐现及小黑子的运动可能是促成这次爆发的直接原因;耀斑前暗条弯曲程度的增加显示了磁场挤压或剪切程度的增强;爆发的软、硬X射线源和微波源位于磁拱形结构的顶部;能量≥20keV的非热电子在第一个爆发峰中提供的能量约为4.3×10~(31)erg。 相似文献
3.
综述了近年来人们对磁浮现与耀斑，暗条，CME等太阳表面磁活动的相关关系的研究进展。概述了磁浮现的一些观测特性和理论研究现状。最后提出了今后对磁浮现做进一步研究工作的一些设想。 相似文献
4.
利用色球Ha单色像、TRACE和SOHO／EITEUV单色像、SOH0／LASCO白光日冕观测及SOH0／MDI光球磁图，对2003年8月25日日面AR0442边界上2个暗条爆发的不同动力学行为及与之相关的耀斑、耀斑后环和CME等现象进行了分析。主要结论如下：(1)2个暗条的激活态和爆发过程有明显不同：暗条F1先变粗变黑，出现明显分叉，然后表现为whiplike爆发；而暗条F2一部分先消失，其余部分出现水平的轴向运动，最后F2整体爆发。(2)2个暗条的爆发机制是不同的：F1的爆发可能与新浮磁流密切相关，而F2的爆发与F1爆发产生的双带耀斑的分离运动和相互作用密切相关。 相似文献
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6.
本文利用紫金山天文台的太阳精细结构望远镜在1991年10月至1992年6月间拍摄到的标准新浮磁流区(EFR)的资料,研究了四个EFR的生长和发展。我们的观测肯定了新浮磁流区早期的一些观测结果,如EFR从光球下浮出前色球大气就已被加热,以及引起磁场位形改变导致暗条激活。我们还发现反转磁极性的EFR并不向正常方向旋转,观测到EFR中的弧形暗条系(AFS)里除了正常的流动外,还具有和经典的AFS中物质流动相异常的运动。 相似文献
7.
考虑焦耳耗散和热传导效应后对太阳爆发事件作进一步研究．数值结果表明,焦耳加热效应使等离子体团温度升高,热传导则将热量从高温区向低温区传输,同时考虑焦耳加热与热传导效应,模拟结果与作者1996年的结论（磁岛的运动方向与浮现场的温度、密度有关．磁岛向上运动撤离计算域或向下运动淹没于光球层,分别有向上或向下的高速流与之相对应）基本类似．这不仅揭示了磁通量对消与高速流产生的动力学原因、对红移、蓝移分量的非对称性作出合理解释,而且能更好地体现爆发事件中高速流的观测特征． 相似文献
8.
本文用数据方法分析了紫金山天文台色球望远镜观测的１９９６年３月２４日３Ｂ级双带主资料，结果表明：由于新浮磁流改变背景磁场，光球剪切运动引起暗条圆柱轴向磁力线扭转而使暗条电流增加，致使暗条整体力学平衡破坏，驱动暗条向上运动。并对暗条上升运动与耀斑爆发的物理关系进行了分析讨论。 相似文献
9.
考虑焦耳耗散和热传导效应后对太阳爆发事件作进一步研究。数值结果表明,焦耳加热效应使等离子体团温度升高,热传导则将热量从高温区向低温区传输, 同时考虑焦耳加热与热传导效应,模拟结果与作用１９９６年的结论（磁岛的运动方面与浮现场的温度、密度有关,磁岛向上运动撤离计算域或向下运动淹没于光球层,分别有向上或向下的高速流与之相对应）基本类似。这不公揭示了磁通量对消与高速流产生的运动学原因、对红移、蓝移分量的 相似文献
10.
目前观测的CME(日冕物质抛射)是其在天空平面的投影,这就导致CME的观测参量与真实参量之间存在一定的差异,比如说观测到的CME速度一般要比CME的真实速度小.运用基于锥状模型对CME的速度进行投影改正的方法,分析1996年9月到2007年9月(将近1个活动周)SOHO/LASCO日冕仪观测到的1 691个仅与耀斑相关的CME(简称FL类CME)和610个仅与暗条爆发相关的CME(简称FE类CME)投影改正前后的速度分布,得到如下结果:(1)投影改正前后,FL类CME和FE类CME的速度分布非常相似.且投影改正前后,两类CME的平均速度几乎相同; (2)投影改正前后,FL类CME和FE类CME速度的自然对数分布也非常相似. 相似文献
11.
Observations indicated that solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are closely asociated with reconnection-favored new flux emergence. By means of numerial simulations, a physical model of the emerging flux trigger mechanism for CMEs is proposed and explained well the observational results. Based upon this model, leaving the gravity and heat conduction out of consideration, the theoretical results of 2.5 dimensional numerical simulations indicate that whether a CME can be triggered depends on both the amount and the location of an emerging flux, besides its polarity orientation. Furthermore, the eruption and non-eruption regimes are presented in parameter space. By use of 15 filament eruption events in 2002 and 2003 and 44 non-eruption events in 2002, the results of a statistical study on the properties of emerging flux including its polarity orientation, its location and the amount of flux show that not all the emerging flux can make a filament to lose equilibrium and trigger the onset of a CME, The statistic results basically support the theoretical results of numerical simulations. This research provides useful information for the space weather forecast. 相似文献
12.
Xiao-Yan Xu Peng-Fei Chen Cheng Fang Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(6):636-644
Observations indicate that solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are closely associated with reconnection-favored flux emergence, which was explained in the emerging flux trigger mechanism for CMEs by Chen & Shibata based on numerical simulations. We present a parametric survey of the triggering agent: its polarity orientation, position, and the amount of the unsigned flux. The results suggest that whether a CME can be triggered depends on both the amount and location of the emerging flux, in addition to its polarity orientation. A diagram is presented to show the eruption and non-eruption regimes in the parameter space. The work is aimed at providing useful information for the space weather forecast. 相似文献
13.
Jian-Xia Cheng Cheng Fang Peng-Fei Chen Ming-De Ding Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(3):265-272
Sympathetic coronal mass ejections (CMEs) usually occur in different active regions connected by interconnecting magnetic loops, while homologous CMEs occur within the same active region with an almost the same background magnetic field, and so are similar in shapes. Two sympathetic CMEs erupted within 3 hours on 2002 May 22, originating from the same active region, AR 9948. Their multi-wavelength data were collected and analyzed. It is suggested that emerging flux triggered the occurrence of the first CME and the corresponding flare, the reconnection inflow of which in turn triggered the eruption of the second CME. Based on the fact that the two sympathetic CMEs have many similarities, in their shapes, their low-lying dimming areas, etc., we tentatively propose, for the first time, the phenomenon of sympathetic homologous CMEs. 相似文献
14.
Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) show a large variety in their kinematic properties. CMEs originating in active regions and accompanied by strong flares are usually faster and accelerated more impulsively than CMEs associated with filament eruptions outside active regions and weak flares. It has been proposed more than two decades ago that there are two separate types of CMEs, fast (impulsive) CMEs and slow (gradual) CMEs. However, this concept may not be valid, since the large data sets acquired in recent years do not show two distinct peaks in the CME velocity distribution and reveal that both fast and slow CMEs can be accompanied by both weak and strong flares. We present numerical simulations which confirm our earlier analytical result that a flux‐rope CME model permits describing fast and slow CMEs in a unified manner. We consider a force‐free coronal magnetic flux rope embedded in the potential field of model bipolar and quadrupolar active regions. The eruption is driven by the torus instability which occurs if the field overlying the flux rope decreases sufficiently rapidly with height. The acceleration profile depends on the steepness of this field decrease, corresponding to fast CMEs for rapid decrease, as is typical of active regions, and to slow CMEs for gentle decrease, as is typical of the quiet Sun. Complex (quadrupolar) active regions lead to the fastest CMEs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
15.
E. Palmerio E. K. J. Kilpua A. W. James L. M. Green J. Pomoell A. Isavnin G. Valori 《Solar physics》2017,292(2):39
A key aim in space weather research is to be able to use remote-sensing observations of the solar atmosphere to extend the lead time of predicting the geoeffectiveness of a coronal mass ejection (CME). In order to achieve this, the magnetic structure of the CME as it leaves the Sun must be known. In this article we address this issue by developing a method to determine the intrinsic flux rope type of a CME solely from solar disk observations. We use several well-known proxies for the magnetic helicity sign, the axis orientation, and the axial magnetic field direction to predict the magnetic structure of the interplanetary flux rope. We present two case studies: the 2 June 2011 and the 14 June 2012 CMEs. Both of these events erupted from an active region, and despite having clear in situ counterparts, their eruption characteristics were relatively complex. The first event was associated with an active region filament that erupted in two stages, while for the other event the eruption originated from a relatively high coronal altitude and the source region did not feature a filament. Our magnetic helicity sign proxies include the analysis of magnetic tongues, soft X-ray and/or extreme-ultraviolet sigmoids, coronal arcade skew, filament emission and absorption threads, and filament rotation. Since the inclination of the post-eruption arcades was not clear, we use the tilt of the polarity inversion line to determine the flux rope axis orientation and coronal dimmings to determine the flux rope footpoints, and therefore, the direction of the axial magnetic field. The comparison of the estimated intrinsic flux rope structure to in situ observations at the Lagrangian point L1 indicated a good agreement with the predictions. Our results highlight the flux rope type determination techniques that are particularly useful for active region eruptions, where most geoeffective CMEs originate. 相似文献
16.
Large-scale solar eruptions, known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are regarded as the main drivers of space weather. The exact trigger mechanism of these violent events is still not completely clear; however, the solar magnetic field indisputably plays a crucial role in the onset of CMEs. The strength and morphology of the solar magnetic field are expected to have a decisive effect on CME properties, such as size and speed. This study aims to investigate the evolution of a magnetic configuration when driven by the emergence of new magnetic flux in order to get a better insight into the onset of CMEs and their magnetic structure. The three-dimensional, time-dependent equations for ideal magnetohydrodynamics are numerically solved on a spherical mesh. New flux emergence in a bipolar active region causes destabilisation of the initial stationary structure, finally resulting in an eruption. The initial magnetic topology is suitable for the ??breakout?? CME scenario to work. Although no magnetic flux rope structure is present in the initial condition, highly twisted magnetic field lines are formed during the evolution of the system as a result of internal reconnection due to the interaction of the active region magnetic field with the ambient field. The magnetic energy built up in the system and the final speed of the CME depend on the strength of the overlying magnetic field, the flux emergence rate, and the total amount of emerged flux. The interaction with the global coronal field makes the eruption a large-scale event, involving distant parts of the solar surface. 相似文献
17.
Brigitte Schmieder 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2006,27(2-3):139-149
The majority of flare activity arises in active regions which contain sunspots, while Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) activity can also originate from decaying active regions and even so-called quiet solar regions which contain a filament. Two classes of CME, namely flare-related CME events and CMEs associated with filament eruption are well reflected in the evolution of active regions. The presence of significant magnetic stresses in the source region is a necessary condition for CME. In young active regions magnetic stresses are increased mainly by twisted magnetic flux emergence and the resulting magnetic footpoint motions. In old, decayed active regions twist can be redistributed through cancellation events. All the CMEs are, nevertheless, caused by loss of equilibrium of the magnetic structure. With observational examples we show that the association of CME, flare and filament eruption depends on the characteristics of the source regions: ?the strength of the magnetic field, the amount of possible free energy storage, ?the small- and large-scale magnetic topology of the source region as well as its evolution (new flux emergence, photospheric motions, cancelling flux), and ?the mass loading of the configuration (effect of gravity). These examples are discussed in the framework of theoretical models. 相似文献
18.
We demonstrate that major asymmetries in erupting filaments and CMEs, namely major twists and non-radial motions are typically related to the larger-scale ambient environment around eruptive events. Our analysis of prominence eruptions observed by the STEREO, SDO, and SOHO spacecraft shows that prominence spines retain, during the initial phases, the thin ribbon-like topology they had prior to the eruption. This topology allows bending, rolling, and twisting during the early phase of the eruption, but not before. The combined ascent and initial bending of the filament ribbon is non-radial in the same general direction as for the enveloping CME. However, the non-radial motion of the filament is greater than that of the CME. In considering the global magnetic environment around CMEs, as approximated by the Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) model, we find that the non-radial propagation of both erupting filaments and associated CMEs is correlated with the presence of nearby coronal holes, which deflect the erupting plasma and embedded fields. In addition, CME and filament motions, respectively, are guided towards weaker field regions, namely null points existing at different heights in the overlying configuration. Due to the presence of the coronal hole, the large-scale forces acting on the CME may be asymmetric. We find that the CME propagates usually non-radially in the direction of least resistance, which is always away from the coronal hole. We demonstrate these results using both low- and high-latitude examples. 相似文献
19.
We present a review of the different aspects associated with the interaction of successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the corona and inner heliosphere, focusing on the initiation of series of CMEs, their interaction in the heliosphere, the particle acceleration associated with successive CMEs, and the effect of compound events on Earth’s magnetosphere. The two main mechanisms resulting in the eruption of series of CMEs are sympathetic eruptions, when one eruption triggers another, and homologous eruptions, when a series of similar eruptions originates from one active region. CME?–?CME interaction may also be associated with two unrelated eruptions. The interaction of successive CMEs has been observed remotely in coronagraphs (with the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment – LASCO – since the early 2000s) and heliospheric imagers (since the late 2000s), and inferred from in situ measurements, starting with early measurements in the 1970s. The interaction of two or more CMEs is associated with complex phenomena, including magnetic reconnection, momentum exchange, the propagation of a fast magnetosonic shock through a magnetic ejecta, and changes in the CME expansion. The presence of a preceding CME a few hours before a fast eruption has been found to be connected with higher fluxes of solar energetic particles (SEPs), while CME?–?CME interaction occurring in the corona is often associated with unusual radio bursts, indicating electron acceleration. Higher suprathermal population, enhanced turbulence and wave activity, stronger shocks, and shock?–?shock or shock?–?CME interaction have been proposed as potential physical mechanisms to explain the observed associated SEP events. When measured in situ, CME?–?CME interaction may be associated with relatively well organized multiple-magnetic cloud events, instances of shocks propagating through a previous magnetic ejecta or more complex ejecta, when the characteristics of the individual eruptions cannot be easily distinguished. CME?–?CME interaction is associated with some of the most intense recorded geomagnetic storms. The compression of a CME by another and the propagation of a shock inside a magnetic ejecta can lead to extreme values of the southward magnetic field component, sometimes associated with high values of the dynamic pressure. This can result in intense geomagnetic storms, but can also trigger substorms and large earthward motions of the magnetopause, potentially associated with changes in the outer radiation belts. Future in situ measurements in the inner heliosphere by Solar Probe+ and Solar Orbiter may shed light on the evolution of CMEs as they interact, by providing opportunities for conjunction and evolutionary studies. 相似文献
20.
Govind Dubey Bart van der Holst Stefaan Poedts 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2006,27(2-3):159-166
The initiation of solar Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is studied in the framework of numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD).
The initial CME model includes a magnetic flux rope in spherical, axi-symmetric geometry. The initial configuration consists
of a magnetic flux rope embedded in a gravitationally stratified solar atmosphere with a background dipole magnetic field.
The flux rope is in equilibrium due to an image current below the photosphere. An emerging flux triggering mechanism is used
to make this equilibrium system unstable. When the magnetic flux emerges within the filament below the flux rope, this results
in a catastrophic behavior similar to previous models. As a result, the flux rope rises and a current sheet forms below it.
It is shown that the magnetic reconnection in the current sheet below the flux rope in combination with the outward curvature
forces results in a fast ejection of the flux rope as observed for solar CMEs. We have done a parametric study of the emerging
flux rate. 相似文献