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1.
Seismic attributes such as: amplitude envelope, instantaneous phase and cosine of instantaneous phase of 2D post-stack seismic data facilitates structural and stratigraphic interpretation of shallow marine offshore, Krishna-Godavari basin. Two seismic sections namely, X and Y oriented N-S passing through wells W-1 andW-2 respectively are considered for seismic attribute analysis and porosity prediction. The gamma ray log trend indicates deposition of cleaning upward sediment. Coarsening upward, clayey-silty-sandy bodies, making a series of about 50-60 m thickness, have been evidenced from the gamma ray log. An extensional structural style comprising growth faults is associated with the progradational style of deposition. Four seismic zones have been distinguished. These zones differ in amplitude, frequency and continuity of the reflectors. Channel sands of Cretaceous age of Raghavapuram shale are identified in well log, seismic section and its acoustic impedance section. Major stratigraphic horizons along with faults extending to basement are marked with the help of attribute analysis. Porosity is mapped from transformation of acoustic impedance. The shales/unconsolidated sediments measure a high porosity with low impedance and the more porous sands are in an intermediate range. The predicted impedance and porosity values may be erroneous beyond the drilled depth because of non availability of well log data for calibration.  相似文献   

2.
The Eocene rock units of the Qadirpur field, Central Indus Basin (Pakistan), are investigated petrophysically for their detailed reservoir characterization. The different petrophysical parameters determined include the following: true resistivity, shale volume, total porosity, effective porosity, density and neutron porosity, water and hydrocarbon saturation, bulk volume of water, lithology, gas effect, P-wave velocity, movable hydrocarbon index and irreducible water saturation and integrated with different cross-plots. The Eocene reservoirs are excellent with high effective porosity (2–32 %) and hydrocarbon saturation (10–93 %). Among these, the Sui Upper Limestone is an overall a poor reservoir; however, it has some hydrocarbon-rich intervals with high effective porosity and better net pay. All the net pay zones identified show low and variable shale volume (5–30 %). The secondary porosity has added to the total and effective porosities in these reservoirs. The main contributors to the porosity are the chalky, intercrystalline and vuggy/fracture types. The thickness of the reservoirs zones ranges from 4.5 to 62 m. These reservoirs are gas-producing carbonates with almost irreducible water saturation (0.002–0.01) and are likely to produce water-free hydrocarbons. The lower values of moveable hydrocarbon index (0.07–0.9) show that the hydrocarbons are moveable spontaneously to the well bore. The proposed correlation model shows that the reservoirs have an inclined geometry and are a part of an anticlinal trap.  相似文献   

3.
The present study has been carried out for core and log based petrophysical evaluation of subsurface reservoir sandstones considering at least one well from each of the Kailas Tila, Titas, Bakhrabad and Shahbazpur gas fields of Bangladesh. Core analysis results show that average core porosity, permeability and pore throat values are 20%, 209 mD and 44020 Å, respectively. These measured values support that the sandstone reservoirs are categorized as good quality reservoirs. Core porosity values usually exceed thin section porosity. Different cross-plots indicate that permeability is largely dependent on porosity. Permeability and porosity are also dependent on textural parameters that include size, shape, sorting and matrix of the reservoir sandstones. It reveals from both thin section study and different cross plots that diagenetic cements are the main controlling factors of the reservoirs. Quantitative determination of the volume of cements shows that cements have inverse correlation with porosity and permeability. Log based petrophysical parameters include shale volume, porosity, water and hydrocarbon saturation, permeability, moveability index and bulk volume of water. The average values of the mentioned parameters are 20%, 22%, 26%, 74%, 110 mD, 0.28 and 0.05, respectively. The most important parameters are porosity and permeability, which indicate that log porosity exceeds core porosity and log permeability significantly lags behind core permeability. The study also reveals that 23 gas zones covering total thickness of 385 m sandstones mostly posses good quality reservoirs except few moderate quality reservoirs.  相似文献   

4.
Incised-valley shale systems are renowned as the fruitful exploration domains. However, the stratigraphic heterogeneity is significant, and thus, identifying the porous compartments within the thin-bedded and fractured shale system is one of the unconventional stratigraphic challenges. We present an innovative scheme for the exploration of the porous unconventional resources within the south Indus basin, Pakistan. The continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) exclusively detects the porous shales within the complete fractured system as compared to the full spectrum seismic data interpretation tool. The seismic amplitude, instantaneous frequency, and reflection strength tools show some tuning effects due to lithology and fluids. However, the tuning block of 28 Hz envelope sub-bands in conjunction with instantaneous phase tool accurately mark out the shale-plugged pinch out reservoirs. The synthetic wedge model based on the conventional seismic wavelet resolves the shale bed (incised-valley shale-filled lens) of about 23 m thickness, but shows limited imaging capability due to frequency band limitation for the porous shale locale. The acoustic impedance based on instantaneous spectral porosity modeling using the tuning volume of 28 Hz CWT has spectacularly resolved the thin-beds (gas shows) within the porosity range of 20 to 30%, which may have implications for future exploration of unconventional stratigraphic plays.  相似文献   

5.
饶权  康永尚  黄毅  赵群  王红岩 《现代地质》2021,35(4):1054-1064
游离气作为页岩气重要赋存形式之一,决定了页岩气的开发潜力及经济效益。以蜀南地区龙马溪组页岩为例,结合X-射线衍射、岩石有机碳、储层物性、测井解释及生产测试等资料,对比分析了四川盆地及周缘页岩游离气含量与测试日产气量的关系,初步提出了工业建产区页岩游离气含量下限,并从烃源、储集及保存等方面对页岩游离气含量主控因素进行了系统研究,在此基础上探讨了工业建产区页岩孔隙度下限。结果表明:页岩游离气含量大于2.5 m3/t时,更易获得工业气流;蜀南地区龙马溪组页岩游离气含量与TOC、孔隙度、硅质矿物含量、地层压力系数、裂缝发育整体呈一定正相关,而与含水饱和度、碳酸盐矿物含量具有一定负相关;裂缝发育、含水饱和度以及硅质矿物、碳酸盐矿物等能通过关联孔隙度而间接影响游离气含量,均不作为页岩游离气含量主控因素,页岩游离气含量主控因素为TOC、孔隙度及地层压力系数;利用容积法对不同孔隙度下页岩游离气含量进行了蒙特卡罗模拟计算,发现当页岩孔隙度大于4%时,游离气含量大于下限值2.5 m3/t的概率超过50%,建议以4%作为工业建产区选择的孔隙度下限,以此控制页岩气开发的地质风险。页岩储层含气量评价建议以游离气评价为中心,重点从TOC、孔隙度、地层压力系数等3个方面开展系统评价。  相似文献   

6.
目前的地震反演均是基于已钻井的地质信息,对无井或少井地区的地震储层预测仍然比较困难。采用叠前和叠后混合反演的办法,实现虚拟井约束地震反演,能弥补缺少钻井的缺陷。该方法充分利用了叠前反演分辨率高和叠后反演效率高、抗噪能力强的优点,运用遗传算法原理,在优选控制点处进行精细的叠前地震波形反演以构建虚拟井,然后以虚拟井作为约束信息进行叠后反演,能够达到储层预测的目的。对四川盆地龙岗地区无井台缘斜坡带鲕滩储层进行了应用尝试,预测效果较好。虚拟井约束地震反演方法对油气勘探初期少井或无井研究区的储层预测是行之有效的技术方法之一。  相似文献   

7.
In the past ten years, time-lapse (4D) seismic has evolved as a standard way of monitoring reservoir performance. The method is now being used as good reservoir management practice to provide evidence of saturation changes within the reservoir at field scale. 4D provides a new piece of data describing the dynamic behavior of the reservoir fluids between the wells, often limited to small scale monitoring at the borehole scale. Thus, it provides sophisticated techniques for reservoir monitoring and management relying on the integration of geological models, static and dynamic properties of the reservoir rock, and detailed production and pressure field data.While 4D seismic data has been very successful in monitoring hydrocarbon production from clastic reservoirs, this work has focused on implementing 4D time lapse to monitor saturation changes in carbonate reservoirs and it’s capability to be used as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) tool that can help in enhancing the recovery factor for the filed and help to locate new drilling to sweep more oil out of the reservoir and locate the by-pass oil.The principal goal of this research was to detect the maximum change in seismic attributes (amplitude, acoustic impedance, travel time) that could occur as a result of oil production, water and gas injection in carbonate reservoirs by using time-lapse 4D seismic.  相似文献   

8.
October Field is one of the most prolific offshore oil fields in the Gulf of Suez of Egypt. It consists of a number of marine platforms and produces oil from different reservoirs of different geological ages from the Lower Cretaceous to the Miocene. The aim of this study was to enhance a seismic-log evaluational procedure to evaluate the Miocene-aged Asl and Hawara Formations which encounter the main hydrocarbon and source rock potentials in the area North of October Oil Field. The well logging data, the borehole seismic data, and the velocity surveys are all used in this study. A number of synthetic seismograms are constructed and interpreted together with the deduced seismic impedance and reflection coefficient data for many wells in the study area. In addition, a comprehensive velocity analysis is performed using the seismic times and the computed average and interval velocities. These seismic-derived parameters are primarily used in recognizing and locating precisely the marl and sand sections of Asl Formation which show low to middle amplitudes. Furthermore, a quantitative well logging analysis is carried out over Asl and Hawara Formations to shed light over their hydrocarbon potentiality. Good oil saturation is exhibited by the Asl sand section which reaches to more than 90% in the southern parts of the study area. The petrophysical characters of this sand are very good in terms of good effective porosity (9% to13%), low shale volume (V sh?<?5%), and high oil saturation (S h?>?85%). The sections of the Asl marl and the Hawara shale on the other hand are considered completely wet. An integrated model making use of the seismic- and log-derived properties is applied over the two studied formations for better understanding the reservoir of interest. Many relations are constructed between velocity, seismic impedance, and the rock pore spaces on one hand and between the velocity, lithology, and fluid content on the other hand. This study revealed that the sand section attains very good oil-bearing potentiality in the study area and proved that the application of an integrated model of the log- and seismic-derived properties led to an enhanced evaluation of the Asl and Hawara Formations, good discrimination between their lithological components besides precise differentiation from the overlying Middle to Late Miocene sections.  相似文献   

9.
Reservoir characterization of sand-shale sequences has always challenged geoscientists due to the presence of anisotropy in the form of shale lenses or shale layers. Water saturation and volume of shale are among the fundamental reservoir properties of interest for sand-shale intervals, and relate to the amount of fluid content and accumulating potentials of such media. This paper suggests an integrated workflow using synthetic data for the characterization of shaley-sand media based on anisotropic rock physics (T-matrix approximation) and seismic reflectivity modelling. A Bayesian inversion scheme for estimating reservoir parameters from amplitude vs. offset (AVO) data was used to obtain the information about uncertainties as well as their most likely values. The results from our workflow give reliable estimates of water saturation from AVO data at small uncertainties, provided background sand porosity values and isotropic overburden properties are known. For volume of shale, the proposed workflow provides reasonable estimates even when larger uncertainties are present in AVO data.  相似文献   

10.
潘建西  王水 《陕西地质》2006,24(2):70-73
煤田中在煤层附近有煤层气砂岩储层、泥质砂岩储层的存在,声波、密度两种孔隙度测井是进行孔隙度探测的有效方法。但是,当煤层气砂岩储层、泥质砂岩储层含气饱和度较小时,其分辨能力较低,这时就可以利用三测向电阻率,通过阿尔奇公式来计算孔隙饱和度;或是统计计算区内煤层气储层下限值的方法,还可采用孔隙度挖补法,提高识别能力。  相似文献   

11.
A new method for characterizing architectural elements of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoirs was proposed, with application to an Ordovician reservoir in the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim basin. The new method integrates observations from outcrop analogs and concepts from modern karst theory for the mapping and modeling of fractured-cavernous reservoirs. In this paper, fractured-cavernous reservoirs were divided into 4 architectural element types—underground river caverns, sinkholes, discrete internal caverns, and faults. Architectural elements of the Ordovician reservoir in Tahe oilfield were identified and characterized by integrating well logs and seismic data. A new method constrained by faults, karst zones, and seismic acoustic impedance data, was introduced to build a 3D model of architectural elements of fractured-cavernous reservoir in the S48 unit of Tahe Oilfield. A porosity model was then derived from the architectural element model using facies-constrained method. The research provides a work-flow for the characterization of fracturedcavernous reservoirs and determining optimal methods for maximizing oil recovery in the study area or in similar areas.  相似文献   

12.
Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir is mainly made up of carbonate sediments with bands of shale that contain a substantial amount of proven oil in the Hiswah Oilfield, Sayun–Masila Basin, eastern Yemen. Several vertical wells have been drilled and penetrated these sequences. This study is concerned on the petrophysical evaluation and well log analysis of the Lower Cretaceous of 11 wells at the Hiswah Oilfield, Hadramawt Governorate, eastern Yemen. Computer-assisted log analyses were used to evaluate the petrophysical parameters such as shale volume, total porosity, effective porosity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, flushed zone saturation and reservoir and pay flags. Cross-plots of the petrophysical parameters versus depth were illustrated. The Lower Cretaceous Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir reflects that the matrix components are mainly carbonates and shales. Moreover, the lithological-geologic model reflected that these shales are strongly affecting the porosity and, consequently, the fluid saturation in the Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir. In this study, the thickness of the Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir increases from central toward north-eastern and north-western parts within the Hiswah Oilfield. The porosities analyses of the investigation of the Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir for the 11 studied wells concluded that the average total porosity ranges from 5.4 % to 16.8 % while the effective porosity ranges from 5.2 % to 14.8 %. Water saturation of the Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir ranges from 6.9 % to 75.8 %. On the other hand, hydrocarbon saturation matches with water saturation in a reverse relationship. Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir is interpreted as good quality reservoir rocks with high average effective porosity reaching to 20 % and high hydrocarbon saturation exceeding 93 %. The Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir reveals promising reservoir characteristics especially the upper reservoir unit, which should be taken into consideration during future development of the oilfields area. The hydrocarbon saturation map of the Sa'ar–Nayfa reservoir shows a regular pattern of distribution with a general increasing to the northeast, northwest and east directions while decreasing southwest wards, recording the maximum value of 93.1 % at the Hiswah-21 well.  相似文献   

13.
An integrated petrophysical well log and core data analysis of the Alam El Bueib-3D (AEB-3D) and Alam El Bueib-3E (AEB-3E) reservoirs, Tut oil field, North Western Desert, Egypt, allows the evaluation of those parameters critical to their reservoir characterization. The determined reservoir properties investigated are lithology, depositional paleoenvironments, shale volume, porosity, fluid saturation and net pay thickness. As the analysis of reservoir pressure is essential to specify the driving mechanisms that control the behavior of fluids within reservoirs, pressure analysis identified the Alam El Bueib-3D reservoir to be partial water drive and Alam El Bueib-3E to be an active water drive. In addition, the pressure analysis identified two additional hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in the Alam El Bueib-3D. Stacking patterns of the Alam El Bueib-3D reservoirs are generally fining upward sequences reflecting fluvial to braided fluvial paleoenvironments. The Alam El Bueib-3E channel shows blocky patterns with sharp bases and tops diagnostic of distributary channels. Statistical analysis of core permeability and porosity values of the Alam El Bueib reservoirs indicate very good reservoir quality. Scatter diagrams of porosity values derived from core analysis for the AEB-3D and AEB-3E reservoirs reveal correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.93 and 0.64, respectively, indicating strong linear relationships. Plots of porosity values against permeability values also show strong linear relationships in all the reservoirs indicating that the AEB-3D and the AEB-3E are permeable and with strong pore communication. The permeability measurements indicate restricted reservoir heterogeneity as plots of vertical permeability values against horizontal permeability values exhibit linear trends. Altogether, the reservoir characterization of the Alam El Bueib reservoirs demonstrates their excellent potential for hydrocarbon production.  相似文献   

14.
The main objective of this paper was the characterization of the reservoir (Abu Roash G dolomite) in terms of acoustic impedance from surface seismic data complemented by available well logs. To reach our target, a two-step procedure was followed: first, identification of the reservoir signatures using synthetic seismogram using Strata program in Hampson–Russell software and second, applying inversion technique to the post-stack seismic data using Strata program in Hampson–Russell software to obtain acoustic impedance profiles and maps. This procedure was applied to 12 3D seismic lines (six cross-lines, and six in-lines) from Horus field in Western Desert in Egypt after converting them from analog state to SEGY format by vectorization. Five wells had been used in this study. The outcome of this paper is an improved subsurface image of seismic data and achieving the reservoir characterization in a good way.  相似文献   

15.
马朗凹陷芦草沟组泥页岩储层含油性特征与评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过泥页岩常规岩芯与密闭取芯的地球化学分析、物性分析、压汞实验分析等,评价马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组泥页岩储层的含油性,结合试油情况,研究其富油机制以及有利储层分布特征。结果表明,芦草沟组泥页岩储层含油性受有机质丰度和孔隙度影响,有利层段总有机碳要大于4%,孔隙度大于3%。体积含油率比含油饱和度更能准确表征泥页岩的含油性,油层要求含油率大于1%。压汞分析显示,泥页岩的储层富油机制与常规砂岩不同,包括未运移烃类的就地滞留富集和经历短距离初次运移在与优质源岩临近的次源岩层系中富集两个过程。芦草沟组页岩油的富集受岩性组合类型的影响,以泥岩为主,夹(薄层)泥质灰岩、泥质白云岩或者以灰质泥岩、白云质泥岩为主,为该区最有利岩性组合,含油性最好,对应于深湖-半深湖的沉积环境。  相似文献   

16.
东海盆地西湖凹陷A气田主力储层为浅水三角洲分流河道沉积砂体,储层横向变化快,非均质性强,实施开发井存在较大风险,且目的层段砂岩与泥岩纵波阻抗值叠置,基于叠后地震的属性分析及纵波阻抗反演技术无法区分岩性和进行烃类检测。在岩石物理分析确定岩性和流体敏感弹性参数的基础上,基于叠前弹性参数反演技术对岩性进行预测,进而通过基于多个弹性参数的FFP(Facies Fluids Probabilities)分析技术对含油气砂岩概率进行定量预测。2项技术在A气田开发中取得了良好应用效果: 通过纵横波速比(vp/vs)参数反演,清晰刻画了主力层河道砂体形态,据此指导水平井优化并获得高达95%的高砂岩钻遇率; 通过vp/vs和纵波阻抗双参数联合的FFP分析技术预测了含气砂岩空间概率分布,据此预测了潜力气层并指导调整井成功挖潜。这2项技术对于东海油气田砂泥波阻抗叠置区的储层精细描述、油气潜力预测具有良好的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

17.
The Gulf of Suez is characterized by the presence of many hydrocarbon-bearing fields including reservoirs ranging in age from the Palaeozoic to the Tertiary. East Morgan oil field is one of the promising oil fields which are located in the southern part of the Gulf of Suez and tapping hydrocarbon deposits and potentials of the Miocene age. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the Miocene sediments of the Asl and Hawara Formations in East Morgan oil field (western sub-basin) through carrying out an integrated petrophysical, seismic structural and sequence stratigraphy study. Quantitative well logging analyses are carried out over Asl and Hawara Formations to throw light over their hydrocarbon potentiality. Good oil saturation is exhibited by the sand sections of Asl Formation, and fair to good are assigned for those of Hawara Formation in the Belayim dip province. On the other hand, a little hydrocarbon saturation is represented by both formations to the south of the study area in the Morgan accommodation zone (MAZ). The estimated petrophysical parameters of Asl reservoir throughout the study area range between 4 % and 10 % for effective porosity, 18 % and 89 % for shale volume and 2 % and 48 % for hydrocarbon saturation. Meanwhile, the ranges of 1–8 %, 20–98 % and 2–32 % are given for Hawara Formation for effective porosity, shale volume and hydrocarbon saturation, respectively. The lateral distribution maps show that the central and the western parts of the MAZ attain the best petrophysical parameters and hydrocarbon potentiality. Seismic facies analysis, structural framework and depositional history of the study area were studied through interpreting the seismic reflection data of 27 seismic profiles. A number of geo-seismic cross sections are constructed and interpreted to investigate the structural setting of the study area and clarify the main structural elements that affect the hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs. A group of simple NW–SE step-like normal faults, parallel to the Clysmic trend, is found cutting through the reservoir rocks at the bottom layers of the section (Rudeis Formation) and extending upwards to overlying layers (Zeit Formation). Some graben- and horst-shaped structures are found and usually bounded by two sets of oppositely dipping normal step-like cross faults. The seismic facies and sequence analysis revealed that the Miocene rocks are subdivided into two major third-order depositional sequences (S1 and S2), separated by two major depositional sequence boundaries (DSB1 and DSB2). The first sequence (S1, Lower–Middle Miocene rocks) is of prime interest, as it encounters the main hydrocarbon reservoirs in the study area (Asl and Hawara Formations that are equivalent to Rudeis Formation). The seismic facies of this sequence are characterized by low to moderate amplitude, discontinuous horizons and bounded by the depositional sequence boundary (DSB1) at the top. The reflection geometry at the cycle boundaries is considered as erosional truncation, toplaps and even concordant along the upper boundary of the cycle. The external form of these sediments is considered as sheet-like and wedge-shaped units. The entrapment of hydrocarbons seems to be of a combined effect of the stratigraphic and structural elements. It appears clear that both of the step-like structural fault system and the lateral variation of facies are the key parameters that control the accumulation of hydrocarbon in this area and in East Morgan field as a whole.  相似文献   

18.
《China Geology》2022,5(3):393-401
This study focused on the quantitative analysis of the petrophysical parameters in characterizing the reservoir properties of the Srikail gas field using multi-scale wireline logs. Petrophysical parameters (shale volume, porosity, water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation) were estimated from the combination of gamma ray log, resistivity log, density log and neutron log for three hydrocarbon (gas)-bearing zones at well#3. At the first time, log records at 0.1 m and 0.2 m intervals were read for this study. Result showed the average shale volume is 21.07%, 53.67% and 51.71% for zone-1, zone-2 and zone-3, respectively. For these zones, the estimated average porosity was 35.89%, 29.83% and 28.76%, respectively. The average water saturation of 31.54%, 16.83% and 23.39% and average hydrocarbon saturation of 68.46%, 83.17% and 76.61% were calculated for zone-1, zone-2 and zone-3, respectively. Thus zone-2 is regarded the most productive zone of well#3. It was found that the values of some parameters (porosity, hydrocarbon saturation and permeability) are higher than the existing results. Therefore, this study confirmed that the log reading at minute/close interval provides better quantitive values of the reservoir’s petrophysical properties. It is expected that this result will contribute to the national gas field development program in future.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

19.
20.
目前对海陆过渡相页岩的储层及其成藏特征研究较少.湘中地区涟源凹陷下石炭统测水组海陆过渡相页岩是重要的页岩气勘探层位,基于二维地震资料、钻井岩心资料和测录井资料,选取2015H-D6井进行了井区构造与测水组岩性描述,页岩储层地化、物性及含气量等测试分析,以及单井埋藏史和热史模拟.研究表明:涟源凹陷海陆过渡相测水组泥页岩沉积于滨岸泻湖或沼泽环境,有效厚度为71.8 m,埋深大于2 500 m;泥页岩有机碳含量平均为1.68%,干酪根类型以Ⅱ型为主,具备良好的生气基础和吸附载体;成熟度分布在2.30%~3.32%,平均为2.96%,处于过成熟阶段;储层脆性矿物含量超过60%,粘土矿物含量小于30%,储层整体表现为低孔低渗特性,孔隙以微孔隙为主,具较好的页岩气储层条件.利用测井解释、等温吸附以及现场解析等方法,揭示出测水组泥页岩具有较好的含气量,结合模拟结果提出了构造保存并持续沉降是涟源凹陷海陆过渡相测水组页岩气藏形成的关键因素.   相似文献   

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