共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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综合介绍2008年汶川大地震以来,GPS观测得到的国内外10多次6—9级,不同构造、不同类型的大地震前兆地壳形变震例:2008年汶川8级大地震、2011年东日本9级巨震、2013年芦山7级,直至2020年6月墨西哥7.4级地震和7月美国阿拉斯加州以南海域7.8级地震等。利用GPS连续观测站区域参考框架水平位移时间序列和水平位移场,特别是水平位移向量时间序列的研究证明,同震水平位移是研究地震前兆形变存在的关键;利用垂直位移和水平位移向量时间序列、同震垂直位移及同震水平位移向量的分解,揭示地震弹性回跳真实方式;提出了符合GPS观测和岩石破裂试验结果的地震压-剪弹性回跳模型;根据已有震例,提出预报不同震级地震的可能性和监测临震前兆形变的GNSS站布设设想。 相似文献
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GPS水平位移时间序列地震短期信息特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对GPS基准站连续观测水平位移时间序列数据的时-频特征进行了分析, 为了突出局部变化的信息, 在中国大陆东部选取一组参考点进行相似变换。 利用小波分析和傅里叶分析方法对资料进行处理, 分析结果表明, 2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级大地震前中国大陆西部部分测点水平位移序列出现短期变化信号。 相似文献
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使用福建GPS台网2004年3月至2006年10月的连续观测资料,对已作卡尔曼滤波后的时间序列观测值进行了初步分析。经数据处理估算各测站的运动速率,对连续观测结果综合分析获得位移,选取区域相对水平位移变化量较小的5个台站组成的一组稳定点作为基准;讨论了各测点连续时间序列与测站运动速率变化特征,除出现一次较明显的分量位移异常变化(可能与台湾强震活动有关)外,没有明显的水平位移异常现象。表明现今福建地壳运动趋势仍十分缓慢且整体较为平稳,是随同中国大陆地块较均匀地向东南方向运动。 相似文献
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利用1998年9月至2004年3月上旬中国地壳运动观测网络基准站GPS连续观测结果所获得的垂直位移时间序列,讨论了基准的选择,分析了基准站垂直位移的特点。取中国东部一组垂直位移变化形态基本一致、年速率较小的6个基准站作为垂直位移时间序列的基准。计算结果表明,每周的垂直位移解的精度可达3mm。与基准站的水平位移年速率相比,垂直位移年速率普遍较低;而与基准站的水平位移时间序列相比,一些基准站的垂直位移时间序列有非常显著的年周期变化,幅度达20～50mm。中国大陆西部基准站的年周期变化与地球自转有明显的相关性,并且符合地球自转守恒。基准站垂直位移的变化值得多方面深入研究 相似文献
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GPS测得的汶川大地震同震位移 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2008年汶川8.0级地震是建国以来破坏最惨重的大地震,是发生在地震前后GPS观测资料最多,震中在连续观测网中部及非连续观测站相当密集的地区.许多GPS连续观测站测得汶川地震同震位移.同震位移具有突变性和时间上的同步性以及变化幅度的显著性,是最确凿的与地震直接相关的地壳运动现象.震区外GPS连续观测站位移时间序列表明,此次大地震同震水平位移范围大,远离震中的许多地区观测到同震水平位移,与震前位移对比表现为弹性回跳.GPS连续观测站震前水平位移和同震水平位移过程揭示了此次地震震前大范围有显著变化的观测站水平位移与地震孕育过程的联系.但华北及邻近地区无明显同震水平位移.震中区外均未观测到明显的同震垂直位移.震区GPS站观测到的同震位移则主要为永久形变,不仅有大幅度的水平位移,也有幅度相对较小的垂直位移.本文研究了汶川地震同震位移的特点与机制,并由此进一步讨论此次大地震的成因、前兆地壳运动特征及其复杂性. 相似文献
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陈光 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(5):95-99
使用福建GPS台网2004年3月—2008年10月的连续观测资料,对各基准地震站原始数据进行处理,得到位移时间序列,进行初步分析。在此基础上,采用小波分析方法提取时间序列的时频特征,从而得到非线性变化信息,为GPS在大地震前获取前兆资料提供探索方向,进而通过对位移时间序列异常变化与区域地壳运动关系的研究,探讨两者间的内在联系。 相似文献
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利用中国大陆GPS连续观测站资料, 获取了2011年3月11日日本9.0级地震造成的连续站同震位移。 计算结果表明, 位于我国东部尤其是东北地区的台站在水平方向都有明显的同震位移, 且离震中越近同震位移量越大, 其中绥阳站的水平同震位移量最大, 达到33 mm。 通过对时间序列分析发现, 有明显同震位移的连续站, 震前水平方向的运动速度都有放缓的趋势, 可能是一种形变前兆现象。 这些GPS观测到的同震位移及震前运动速度异常, 对于进一步研究前兆地壳运动、 地震动力学特征以及精化中国大陆地壳运动速度场都有重要意义。 相似文献
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陆地水储量的季节性变化是导致地表周期性负荷形变位移的主要因素,有效地剔除地表位移中的陆地水储量影响,是获取地壳构造垂向运动的必要过程.四川地处青藏高原东边缘,地形分区明显,境内以长江水系为主,水资源丰富,研究四川地区地表负荷形变位移,有助于分析陆地水储量的时空分布特性及地壳构造形变信息.本文利用研究区域内59个CORS站的GPS观测数据,计算了CORS站点的垂向位移,并将其与GRACE所得相应结果进行对比分析.结果显示,GPS和GRACE所得垂向位移时间序列的振幅大小整体相符,但存在明显的相位差.GPS站点振幅最大值为12.7 mm,对应HANY站,最小值为1.5 mm,对应SCMX站.GRACE所得的地表垂向位移振幅大小均为3~4 mm,且最大位移集中出现在7-9月份;而GPS站点出现最大位移的月份和地形相关,东部盆地、西北部高原和南部山地分别出现在7-8月份、10-11月份和10月份.GPS站点时间序列中的周年项与陆地水的季节性变化强相关,为了讨论陆地水储量对GPS站点位移的影响,本文利用改进的总体经验模态分解方法（MEEMD：Modified Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition）,从GPS垂向位移时间序列中提取出周年项及约2年的年际变化项.发现利用MEEMD获取的周年项改正原始GPS时间序列时可使其WRMS（Weight Root Mean Square）减少量减小约26%,结果优于最小二乘拟合方法提取的GPS周年项改正效果,验证了MEEMD方法在GPS坐标时间序列处理中的可行性及有效性. 相似文献
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地表陆地水负荷变化是引起重力场和地壳形变呈现季节性特征的主要因素,并且能够利用地表及空间大地测量技术对其进行有效的监测.本文通过对质量负荷形变效应的理论模拟,描述了水平分量的形变指向以及垂直与水平分量的幅值比可以提高对负荷区域的辨别程度,并且联合GPS坐标时间序列及GRACE模型对喜马拉雅山地区的季节性负荷形变进行了详细对比分析,研究结果显示两者垂直分量的季节性变化具有较好的一致性,且GPS周年项幅值要大于GRACE.而由GRACE解算得到的水平分量结果表明该地区季节性形变主要受东南亚及印度东北部地区的陆地水负荷控制,位于喜马拉雅山地区多数GPS台站的垂直分量及北向分量的初相位与GRACE模型解算结果相近,而部分GPS台站的东向分量与GRACE模型存在明显不同,由此导致GPS与GRACE监测到的形变指向存在差异.通过对GRACE估算精度以及GPS垂直与水平分量幅值比的深入分析,发现GPS对局部周边地区的河流、谷地及农田灌溉等负荷变化造成的形变效应较为敏感,而GRACE由于截断阶次及平滑滤波等影响因素,不仅造成在水平分量上的分辨率远低于垂直分量,而且整体估算精度要低于GPS观测得到的形变信息. 相似文献
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以云南地区27个GPS基准站坐标时间序列为研究对象,使用赤池信息量和贝叶斯信息量估计准则（AIC/BIC）对其进行噪声分析,计算并扣除时间序列中大气负载、非潮汐海洋负载和水文负载3种环境负载引起的位移量,得到各基准站分量在环境负载改正前后的最优噪声模型。结果表明,部分基准站分量经过负载改正后最优噪声模型会发生变化,改正前后的大部分基准站噪声特性均体现为闪烁+白噪声和幂律噪声。环境负载对基准站的垂向位移影响比水平向更为显著,水文负载成为影响基准站的最大因素,最大位移量达到厘米级。分析环境负载改正前后噪声特性的变化表明,环境负载改正在U分量上的影响最大,N分量次之,E分量最小,噪声模型的变化在地域上并未呈现明显规律。 相似文献
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印尼8.7级大震前后GPS观测站的地壳水平与垂直位移时间序列结果 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
利用IGS及中国地壳运动观测网络GPS连续观测站6年多时间的观测结果, 以中国大陆东部的稳定点组作为水平位移与垂直位移解的参考基准, 得到了2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊8.7级与2005年3月28日8.5级大震前后GPS观测站的地壳水平及垂直位移时间序列的结果。 尽管所采用的GPS站点少, 且分布范围大, 但仍可看到在如此大的地震震前、 同震与震后地壳运动的特征, 为今后观测研究提供了十分有意义的结果。 文中所采用稳定点组基准有效消除水平位移场的平移与旋转, 而局部椭球面的不平性对计算区域地壳运动结果, 特别是对垂直位移的影响很小, 说明了位移解所描述的大范围区域位移场是合理的。 这两次地震的同震水平位移及震后的垂直位移影响量级达数厘米, 范围达远离8.7级地震震中4500 km之外, 甚至更远。 相似文献
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It has always been a difficult problem to extract horizontal and vertical displacement components from the InSAR LOS （Line of Sight） displacement since the advent of monitoring ground surface deformation with InSAR technique. Having tried to fit the firsthand field investigation data with a least squares model and obtained a preliminary result, this paper, based on the previous field data and the InSAR data, presents a linear cubic interpolation model which well fits the feature of earthquake fracture zone. This model inherits the precision of investigation data; moreover make use of some advantages of the InSAR technique, such as quasi-real time observation, continuous recording and all-weather measurement. Accordingly, by means of the model this paper presents a method to decompose the InSAR slant range co-seismic displacement （i.e. LOS change） into horizontal and vertical displacement components. Approaching the real motion step by step, finally a serial of curves representing the co-seismic horizontal and vertical displacement component along the main earthquake fracture zone are approximately obtained. 相似文献
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P-alert台网实时数据对地震预警及烈度速报和工程地震研究都是重要的补充,处理分析这些数据对客观衡量P-alert台网数据质量和数据用途有重要意义。对2016年2月6日台湾美浓ML6.4地震P-alert台网获取的记录进行了处理和初步分析,统计分析显示100gal以上加速度记录有112条,200gal以上加速度记录有33条,400gal以上加速度记录有7条,东西向最大峰值加速度为466.4gal,南北向最大峰值加速度为498.4gal,竖直向最大峰值加速度为258.6gal,最大仪器地震烈度为9.5度。竖直向峰值加速度和峰值速度比水平向峰值加速度和峰值速度衰减快。峰值加速度比峰值速度衰减快,观测峰值加速度和峰值速度与台湾西南地区峰值加速度和峰值速度衰减公式比较一致。计算得到了近场台站的永久位移,显示P-alert台网绝大多数永久位移在1cm到5cm之间,最大永久位移达8cm。 相似文献
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NEAR-FAULT DISPLACEMENT AND DEFORMATION OBTAINED FROM ONE-KILOMETER-LONG FAULT-CROSSING BASELINE MEASUREMENTS-A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT AT 2 SITES ON THE EASTERN BOUNDARY OF THE SICHUAN-YUNNAN BLOCK 
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下载免费PDF全文 The current and conventional fault-crossing short baseline measurement has a relatively high precision, but its measurement arrays usually fail to or cannot completely span major active fault zones due to the short length of the baselines, which are only tens to 100 meters. GNSS measurement has relatively low resolution on near-fault deformation and hence is not suitable for monitoring those faults with low motion and deformation rates, due to sparse stations and relatively low accuracy of the GNSS observation. We recently built up two experimental sites on the eastern boundary of the active Sichuan-Yunnan block, one crossing the Daqing section of the Zemuhe Fault and the other crossing the Longshu section of the Zhaotong Fault, aiming to test the measurement of near-fault motion and deformation by using fault-crossing arrays of one-kilometer-long baselines. In this paper, from a three-year-long data set we firstly introduce the selection of the sites and the methods of the measurement. We then calculate and analyze the near-field displacement and strain of the two sites by using three hypothetical models, the rigid body, elastic and composed models, proposed by previous researchers. In the rigid body model, we assume that an observed fault is located between two rigid blocks and the observed variances in baseline lengths result from the relative motion of the blocks. In the elastic model, we assume that a fault deforms uniformly within the fault zone over which a baseline array spans, and in the array baselines in different directions may play roles as strainmeters whose observations allow us to calculate three components of near-fault horizontal strain. In the composed model, we assume that both displacement and strain are accumulated within the fault zone that a baseline array spans, and both contribute to the observed variances in baseline lengths. Our results show that, from the rigid body model, variations in horizontal fault-parallel displacement component of the Zemuhe Fault at the Daqing site fluctuate within 3mm without obvious tendencies. The displacement variation in the fault-normal component keeps dropping in 2015 and 2016 with a cumulative decrease of 6mm, reflecting transverse horizontal compression, and it turns to rise slightly(suggesting extension)in 2017. From the elastic model, the variation in horizontal fault-normal strain component of the fault at Daqing shows mainly compression, with an annual variation close to 10-5, and variations in the other two strain components are at the order of 10-6. For the Longshu Fault, the rigid-body displacement of the fault varies totally within a few millimeters, but shows a dextral strike-slip tendency that is consistent with the fault motion known from geological investigation, and the observed dextral-slip rate is about 0.7mm/a on average. The fault-parallel strain component of the Longshu Fault is compressional within 2×10-6, and the fault-normal strain component is mainly extensional. Restricted by the assumption of rigid-body model, we have to ignore homolateral deformation on either side of an observed fault and attribute such deformation to the fault displacement, resulting in an upper limit estimate of the fault displacement. The elastic model emphasizes more the deformation on an observed fault zone and may give us information about localizations of near-fault strain. The results of the two sites from the composed model suggest that it needs caution when using this model due to that big uncertainty would be introduced in solving relevant equations. Level surveying has also been carried out at the meantime at the two sites. The leveling series of the Daqing site fluctuates within 4mm and shows no tendency, meaning little vertical component of fault motion has been observed at this site; while, from the rigid-body model, the fault-normal motion shows transverse-horizontal compression of up to 6mm, indicating that the motion of the Zemuhe Fault at Daqing is dominantly horizontal. The leveling series of the Longshu site shows a variation with amplitude comparable with that observed from the baseline series here, suggesting a minor component of thrust faulting; while the baseline series of the same site do not present tendencies of fault-normal displacement. Since the steep-dip faults at the two sites are dominantly strike-slip in geological time scale, we ignore probable vertical movement temporarily. In addition, lengths of homolateral baselines on either side of the faults change somewhat over time, and this makes us consider the existence of minor faults on either side of the main faults. These probable minor faults may not reach to the surface and have not been identified through geological mapping; they might result in the observed variances in lengths of homolateral baselines, fortunately such variations are small relative to those in fault-crossing baselines. In summary, the fault-crossing measurement using arrays with one-kilometer-long baselines provides us information about near-fault movement and strain, and has a slightly higher resolution relative to current GNSS observation at similar time and space scales, and therefore this geodetic technology will be used until GNSS networks with dense near-fault stations are available in the future. 相似文献
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采用Yoshimitsu Okada及Steketee的断裂位错模型和汶川地震现有成果,通过坐标转换和合成矢量的方法将断裂位错模型用于映秀—北川断裂、灌县—安县断裂和北川—青川断裂组成的断裂系统的错动研究中,理论上计算龙门山近断裂地区的水平位移场(包括沿走向和垂直走向方向)和垂直位移场从震源到地表的分布.模型参数源于现有的研究成果和野外实地考察,计算得到的地表位移场与先前研究成果,包括GPS实测数据,具有的近似性表明了模型的正确性.但GPS只能测定地表水平和垂直变形,对于地下变形情况及其分布却无法描述;目前对于地下变形的研究主要基于对大量仪器记录的地震资料进行反演或通过野外观测进行推测;但是反演多集中于空间较大范围,这样虽可阐述断裂运动引起的大范围位移趋势,而对于震源附近空间介质位移的描述却略显粗糙;同时,野外观测误差较大.本文通过理论模型计算汶川地震中近断裂区域(距断裂50km)内的位移及分布.由计算发现在近断裂区域内垂直位移场和垂直走向方向位移场变化趋势一样,幅值都是从震源到地表逐渐减小;沿断裂走向方向的水平位移场从震源到地表逐渐变大,同时计算还表明位移场的变化在断裂上盘比下盘剧烈,余震分布主要集中于断裂上盘,这说明余震分布和位移剧烈程度存在某种相关性. 相似文献
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COSEISMIC DISPLACEMENT FIELD OF THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE DERIVED FROM STRONG MOTION RECORDS AND APPLICATION IN SLIP INVERSION 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The development of high-rate GNSS seismology and seismic observation methods has provided technical support for acquiring the near-field real-time displacement time series during earthquake. But in practice, the limited number of GNSS continuous stations hardly meets the requirement of near-field quasi-real-time coseismic displacement observation, while the macroseismographs could be an important complement. Compared with high-rate GNSS, macroseismograph has better sensitivity, higher resolution(100~200Hz)and larger dynamic range, and the most importantly, lower cost. However, baseline drift exists in strong-motion data, which limits its widespread use. This paper aims to prove the feasibility and reliability of strong motion data in acquiring seismic displacement sequences, as a supplement to high-rate GNSS.
In this study, we have analyzed the strong-motion data of Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake in Longmenshan fault zone, based on the automatic scheme for empirical baseline correction proposed by Wang et al., which fits the uncorrected displacement by polynomial to obtain the fitting parameters, and then the baseline correction is completed in the velocity sequence. Through correction processing and quadratic integration, the static coseismic displacement field and displacement time series are obtained. Comparison of the displacement time series from the strong motions with the result of high-rate GPS shows a good coincidence. We have worked out the coseismic displacement field in the large area of Wenchuan earthquake using GPS data and strong motion data. The coseismic displacement fields calculated from GPS and strong motions are consistent with each other in terms of magnitude, direction and distribution patterns. High-precision coseismic deformation can provide better data constraint for fault slip inversion. To verify the influence of strong-motion data on slip distribution in Wenchuan earthquake, we used strong motion, GPS and InSAR data to estimate the stress drop, moment magnitude and coseismic slip model, and our results agreed with those of the previous studies. In addition, the inversion results of different data are different and complementary to some extent. The use of strong-motion data supplements the slip of the fault in the 180km segment and the 270~300km segment, thus making the inversion results of fault slip more comprehensive.
From this result, we can draw the following conclusions:1)Based on the robust baseline correction method, the use of strong motion data, as an important complement to high-rate GNSS, can obtain reliable surface displacement after the earthquake. 2)The strong motion data provide an effective method to study the coseismic displacement sequence, the surface rupture process and quick seismogenic parameters acquisition. 3)The combination of multiple data can significantly improve the data coverage and give play to the advantages of different data. Therefore, it is suggested to combine multiple data(GPS, strong motion, InSAR, etc.)for joint inversion to improve the stability of fault slip model. 相似文献