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1.
超富集植物与重金属相互作用机制及应用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
社会发展过程中对矿产资源的勘查和开采利用所带来的重金属污染已对生态系统和人类健康造成严重威胁。超富集植物对重金属具有超富集、超耐受能力,是降低环境重金属污染、保障人类健康、实现绿色矿产勘查的有效途径,在植物修复、植物采矿和植物找矿中已获得了广泛应用。深入探索超富集植物的富集和耐受机制,揭示重金属-植物相互作用规律,提高植物对重金属的富集能力,是当前国际上研究热点。本文在简要介绍重金属对植物作用的基础上,阐述了重金属诱导氧化应激机制,重点关注重金属超富集植物富集机理研究,对其在解毒和耐受机制等领域的研究进展进行了评述。当前研究认为:(1)对超富集植物而言,根系分泌物与根际微生物的共同作用促进了重金属溶解,经共质体、质外体途径吸收后,重金属通过木质部向上转运,并隔离在液泡中,实现对重金属的超富集;(2)重金属通过与小分子有机酸、细胞壁、植物螯合肽结合,以及液泡隔离,可降低细胞质中游离金属离子浓度,增强植物耐受性;(3)重金属胁迫下,植物将激活多种特异性抗氧化酶,抵御氧化应激反应,实现对重金属的超耐受。(4)本文分析认为,植物中砷诱导的氧化应激反应机制可能是由砷的还原与甲基化过程及Haber-Weiss反应三部分构成。对重金属超富集植物的富集与耐受过程所涉及的生理与生化作用进行深入研究,揭示关键性影响因素与相关规律,寻找提升其特异性富集与指示能力的有效途径,将有助于超富集植物研究与应用向纵深发展。 相似文献
2.
环境硒污染的植物修复研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
硒污染已成为全球性的环境问题,严重威胁人类健康和环境安全。本文概述了环境硒污染植物修复技术的研究进展,包括硒富集植物的应用、富集硒的机理及生物技术对它们的改造。指出了当前研究在硒富集植物富集机理及田间应用时的不足;并展望了今后如何进一步寻找和使用生物技术培育硒超富集植物、探求富集机理和田间试验。 相似文献
3.
植物修复技术在污染治理中的应用现状 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
蓝俊康 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(1):46-51
植物修复技术是利用活的植物对污染土、污染地下水等介质进行修复。植物对金属元素的净化机理是植物积累、根系过滤、植物根系对土的稳定作用;植物对有机物的净化机理是植物降解、生物刺激和植物的蒸发作用;此外植物的水力控制也是控制污染的主要途径。目前国外在利用植物修复卤代烃、农药、汽油、柴油、重金属、放射性物质、废旧炸药、处理污染填土淋滤液、利用植物分解处理空气中的污染物质或将氧化氮转化为氮气等多方面的研究已取得很多重要成果,而其中最为显著的是利用杂交植物对卤代烃污染地下水进行修复和研究利用转基因植物吸收土壤中的甲基汞。我国在植物修复技术方面的研究也取得重大成果,如利用凤眼莲修复污水中的某些农药、利用蜈蚣草叶片富集砷,利用印度芥菜对土壤中难溶态镉的吸收等。 相似文献
4.
硒超富集植物是研究植物中硒的循环代谢生物化学的最佳材料,可用于提取有效的抗癌药物和修复生态环境硒污染.近年来,国际上对硒超富集植物的研究越来越重视,在硒超富集植物的调查、生物化学以及修复环境污染方面做了大量的研究工作.而迄今为止,我国没有发现硒超富集植物的报道.本文简要介绍了国外已发现的硒超富集植物,及其生物化学和修复硒污染环境等方面的最新研究概况. 相似文献
5.
金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物修复研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
受矿业活动影响,金属矿区及周边土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题之一。植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的清除土壤中重金属的一种有效、经济的生态技术。重金属污染土壤植物修复技术主要有植物固定、植物挥发和植物吸收等方式,植物固定技术是利用植物阻隔土壤中重金属的迁移,而植物挥发和植物吸收则是将土壤中的重金属移除。本文系统总结了迄今在金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物固定和植物吸收修复技术研究方面的现状与进展,包括矿区超富集植物筛选、超耐受性植物筛选、提高重金属生物有效性的高效活化剂以及降低重金属迁移能力的化学钝化剂研究等。提出了当前相关领域研究中存在的主要问题,并提出了进一步研究的主要方向。 相似文献
6.
金属矿山废弃地分析及植物修复技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着矿产资源的大量开采和冶金工业的快速发展,金属矿山废弃地与日俱增。它不仅侵占大量土地,损害生态景观,还带来了严重的环境污染。对重金属污染地进行修复治理十分必要。本文划分了金属矿山废弃地的类型,总结了矿山废弃地的特征,阐述了金属矿山废弃地污染物质的迁移机制、毒性机理及危害,探讨了金属矿山废弃地修复方法,包括工程物理化学法、农业化学调控法和植物修复法。着重介绍了超富集植物修复技术、先锋植物修复技术和植物辅助修复技术。认为植物修复技术是一种新兴、有潜力的绿色修复技术,适合我国国情,是低消费的有效修复途径,值得研究推广。 相似文献
7.
被污染土壤的植物修复研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
植物修复是利用植物吸收、降解、挥发、根滤、稳定、泵吸等作用机理,达到去除土壤、水体中污染物,或使污染物固定以减轻其危害性,或使污染物转化为毒性较低化学形态的现场治理技术.植物修复对于重金属污染土壤的治理修复具有重要意义.已有研究在累积与超累积植物的寻找筛选、植物对重金属等有害物的耐毒和解毒机理、植物修复现场环境调控及根际处理技术等方面取得了大量成果.现代分子生物学、基因工程技术发展有可能使植物修复技术取得重大突破. 相似文献
8.
通过野外调查在渔塘坝硒矿区首次发现了一种新的硒超富集植物─遏蓝菜(Thlaspi arvense L.).调查结果发现,在自然生长条件下,一年生遏蓝菜叶子中富集硒可高达1427 mg/kg,生物富集硒系数可高达68,地上部硒含量最低也超过了500 mg/kg,生物富集硒系数最低也超过了10,表现为叶＞根＞叶柄的硒富集特征.多年生遏蓝菜叶、茎和根的硒含量分别为104～163;231～346;444～459 mg/kg,生物富集硒系数为2.6～12.4,均大于1,显示出根＞茎＞叶的硒富集特征.尽管多年生遏蓝菜远没有一年生遏蓝菜的硒含量高,但远比一般植物硒含量高,达到了次生硒蓄积植物富集硒的水平,显示遏蓝菜植物可以超富集硒.渔塘坝遏蓝菜的发现将为研究硒在植物中的吸收、转化、富集机理以及提取有效抗癌有机硒化物和修复硒污染生态环境提供新的材料. 相似文献
9.
重金属元素超富集植物(Hyperaccumulator)是生物修复生态环境污染的最佳选择材料,在矿山土地复垦,污染土壤和水体修复方面发挥了越来越重要的作用。国内外对超富集植物的调查筛选和研究颇为重视,是当前研究的热点。硒超富集植物,不仅可用于修复生态环境污染,而且可用于提取有效的抗癌药物和开发富硒保健产品,具有重要的研究利用价值。国外早已富硒地区发现了包括豆科黄芪属(Astragalus spp),十字花科鸡冠花属(Stanleyaspp)、假含羞草属(Neptuniaspp)等几十种超富集硒植物[1]。我国分布有发生过典型人畜硒中毒地方病的湖北恩施、陕西紫阳富… 相似文献
10.
11.
Biogeochemical studies of metallophytes from four copper-enriched sites along the Yangtze River, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The area along middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is one of the biggest Cu belts in China. In the present study,
the metallophytes growing in four copper (Cu)-enriched sites along the Yangtze River were surveyed to get detailed information
about vegetation composition and their Cu uptake characteristics. In all sampling sites, Cu concentrations of soils were high;
whereas the organic matter, acidity and salinity of most soils were on normal levels. Totally 82 plant species belonging to
45 families were recorded. All the species recorded in the present study exhibited high tolerances for Cu although they differed
greatly in their abilities to accumulate Cu. Except for Rumex acetosa and Phytolacca acinosa, most species were Cu-excluders and no Cu hyperaccumulator was found. The Cu translocation factors (TFs) and bioconcentration
factors (BCFs) of the 12 dominant species were fairly low, indicating low concentrations of Cu were translocated to the shoots
of these species. On this basis, the potential utilization of these metallophytes for phytoremediation was discussed. 相似文献
12.
Understanding As accumulation in plants is necessary in order to alleviate problems with As in the environment and to improve sustainable As phytotechnologies. To find suitable candidates for phytoremediation purposes and to investigate specific accumulation patterns due to growth habitat and plant groups, As accumulation in 124 plant species collected from different habitats and speciation in 6 of these plant species, was determined. The data show that submerged plants have a higher accumulation than emergent and terrestrial plants. The As concentration in terrestrial and emergent plants were correlated with the [As]soil, while the accumulation factor correlated negatively with [As]soil. Gymnosperms had a high [As]shoot:[As]root ratio. The inorganic As species, arsenate and arsenite were found in plants from all habitats and methylarsonic acid (MMA) in all but one plant species. Arsenate predominated in submerged plants. The results suggest that the habitat and the [As]soil have a strong influence on the As accumulation in plants and that submerged plants and/or gymnosperms might be suitable for phytoremediation of As. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,60(2):115-126
Pot trials and tests in outside plots were carried out on the South African Ni hyperaccumulator plant Berkheya coddii in order to establish its potential for phytoremediation of contaminated soils and for phytomining of Ni. Outside trial plots showed that a dry biomass of 22 t/ha could be achieved after moderate fertilisation. Pot trials with varying soil amendments with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers showed enhanced uptake of Ni with increasing nitrogen addition, though there was no reaction to phosphorus. The Ni content of the plant was directly related to the ammonium acetate extractable fraction of Ni in a wide range of natural and artificial substrates. Excision of shoots induced a dramatic increase in the Ni content in the new growth (5500 μg/g compared with 1800 μg/g Ni). When plants were grown in pots with Ni added to the substrate (0–1%), the Ni content of the plants rose to a maximum value of about 1% dry mass. The data from this last experiment were used to calculate the probable Ni yield (kg/ha) of plants grown in nickel-rich soils in different parts of the world. It was calculated that moderately contaminated soils (100 μg/g Ni) could be remediated with only two crops of Berkheya coddii. The potential of this species for phytomining has also been evaluated and it is proposed that a yield of 100 kg/ha of Ni should be achievable at many sites worldwide. Phytomining is also discussed in general terms for other metals as well as Ni. 相似文献
14.
A. K. Hegazy Ph.D. N. T. Abdel-Ghani Ph.D. G. A. El-Chaghaby Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(3):639-648
Phytoremediation is increasingly receiving attention as a cost effective technique that uses plants to remediate contaminants from wastewater, soil and sediments. In this study, the ability of Typha domingensis to uptake heavy metals as well as its potential application for phytoremediation was assessed. Pollutant elements concentrations were measured in samples of wastewater, sediments and Typha domingensis collected from industrial wastewater ponds, El-Sadat city, Egypt. This study specifically focused on the capacity of Typha domingensis to absorb and accumulate aluminum, iron, zinc and lead. Results indicated that Typha domingensis was capable of accumulating the heavy metal ions preferentially from wastewater than from sediments. The accumulation of metals in plant organs attained the highest values in roots, rhizomes and old leaves. Rhizofiltration was found to be the best mechanism to explain Typha domingensis phytoremediation capability. 相似文献
15.
Potential hyperaccumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in endurant plants distributed in an old smeltery, northeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The absorption and accumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in some endurant weed plant species that survived in an old smeltery
in Liaoning, China, were systematically investigated. Potential hyperaccumulative characteristics of these species were also
discussed. The results showed that metal accumulation in plants differed with species, tissues and metals. Endurant weed plants
growing in this contaminated site exhibited high metal adaptability. Both the metal exclusion and detoxification tolerance
strategies were involved in the species studied. Seven species for Pb and four species for Cd were satisfied for the concentration
time level standard for hyperaccumulator. Considering translocation factor (TF) values, one species for Pb, seven species
for Zn, two species for Cu and five species for Cd possessed the characteristic of hyperaccumulator. Particularly, Abutilon theophrasti Medic, exhibited strong accumulative ability to four heavy metals. Although enrichment coefficients of all samples were lesser
than 1 and the absolute concentrations didn’t reach the standard, species mentioned above were primarily believed to be potential
hyperaccumulators. 相似文献
16.
Arsenic derived from mining activity may contaminate water, soil and plant ecosystems resulting in human health and ecotoxicological risks. In this study, exposure assessment of arsenic (As) in soil, spoil, pondwater and plants collected from the areas contaminated by mine tailings and spoils in and around the La Parrilla mine, Caceres province, Spain, was carried out using AAS method. Water solubility, bioavailability and soil–plant transfer coefficients of As and phytoremediation potential of plants were determined. Arsenic concentrations varied from 148 to 2,540 mg/kg in soils of site 1 and from 610 to 1,285 mg/kg in site 2 exceeding the guideline limit for agricultural soil (50 mg/kg). Arsenic concentrations in pond waters varied from 8.8 to 101.4 μg/l. High concentrations of water-soluble As in the soils that ranged from 0.10 to 4.71 mg/kg in site 1 and from 0.46 to 4.75 mg/kg in site 2 exceeded the maximum permitted level of water-soluble As (0.04 mg/kg) in agricultural soils. Arsenic concentrations varied from 0.8 to 149.5 mg/kg dry wt in the plants of site 1 and from 2.0 to 10.0 mg/kg in the plants of site 2. Arsenic concentrations in plants increased in the approximate order: Retama sphaerocarpa < Pteridium aquilinum < Erica australis < Juncus effusus < Phalaris caerulescens < Spergula arvensis in site 1. The soil–plant transfer coefficients for As ranged from 0.001 to 0.21 in site 1 and from 0.004 to 0.016 in site 2. The bioconcentration factor based on water-soluble As of soil varied from 3.2 to 593.9 in the plants of site 1 whereas it varied from 2.1 to 20.7 in the plants of site 2. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Europe to report that the fern species P. aquilinum accumulates extremely low contents of As in its fronds despite high As levels in the soils. Therefore, the S. arvensis, P. caerulescens and J. effusus plant species grown in this area might be used to partly remove the bioavailable toxic As for the purpose of minimization of mining impacts until hypothetical hyperaccumulating and/or transgenic plants could be transplanted for the phytoremediation of As contaminated soils. 相似文献
17.
Farnoosh Farjandi Abdolghader Faiziev Mokhtar Fozilov Hassan Bastani Sara Soleimani 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(5):1435-1446
The aims of present study are investigation of endemic plants at Masjed–Daghi area introducing hyperaccumulator and indicator plants for Au, Ag, As, Cu, Mo, Hg, Re, Sb, and Te mineralization and also describe the biogeochemical response pattern over a known Au–Cu mineralized site. The Masjed–Daghi prospecting area is covered by Eocene flysch, andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, rhyodacite, Oligocene agglomerate, and Quaternary deposits. Previous researches reported copper porphyry mineralization and related epithermal gold veins in this area. This study presents that plants with high metal intake enabled us to obtain invaluable information about natural concentrations of chemical elements in the substrate and to recognize new potential areas for mineral prospecting. Stachys inflata has biological absorption coefficient mean exceeding or near hyperaccumulating criterion >1 for most of the elements investigated then could be as a hyperaccumulator. The indicator values belong to S. inflata, Artemisia sp., Salvia sp., Astragalus sp., Peganum harmala, Moltkia coerulea, and Cousinia sp. 相似文献