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1.
错动带具有“历史上多次剪切错动、延伸范围广、遇水易软化、力学强度低”的软弱特性,致使其在开挖卸荷作用下极易诱发不同程度的变形和破坏,进而严重影响地下洞室的稳定性。针对白鹤滩水电站右岸9#母线洞（地下交叉洞室）发生的错动带岩体塌方破坏,借助高精度、实时微震监测系统,系统地研究了塌方孕育过程中的微震活动性,包括微震事件时空演化规律、震级和视应力分布特征。采用矩张量理论,反演塌方孕育过程中的微震事件破裂机制（张拉、剪切或混合）,归纳、总结其演化过程为：表层围岩卸荷张拉破裂→裂纹渐进向围岩深部扩展→破裂沿错动带方向萌生、扩展（张拉破裂为主,伴随剪切或混合破裂）→裂缝与错动带交汇,切割出不稳定楔形体→爆破振动或重力作用下,错动带岩体塌方。该研究结果可为高应力地下交叉洞室错动带岩体的开挖、支护提供参考,同时对类似工程的施工具有重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
2.
锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞爆破开挖损伤特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
爆破开挖导致的围岩损伤是围岩稳定性的重要影响因素。采用数值分析及现场检测的方法研究了锦屏二级引水隧洞岩体爆破开挖损伤特性。数值模拟结果表明,引水隧洞开挖引起的围岩应力重分布是围岩损伤的主要原因,爆炸荷载和应力重分布的耦合作用将增大引水隧洞围岩损伤区范围,增大的损伤深度可达1.5 m,考虑开挖荷载瞬态卸荷动态损伤效应的损伤区范围最大,较单独考虑围岩地应力准静态重分布所导致的损伤深度可增大1.9 m,平均损伤深度增大近1倍。现场检测成果较好地验证了数值模拟结果,表明爆破开挖可显著增大围岩的损伤范围。锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞开挖过程中,不可忽视爆炸荷载及开挖瞬态卸荷对围岩的损伤作用。 相似文献
3.
深埋隧洞爆破开挖荷载构成复杂,对围岩损伤区的孕育发展具有重要影响。利用颗粒流程序（PFC）软件,讨论了不同初始地应力状态下爆炸荷载及地应力瞬态卸载所分别诱发围岩损伤的特性,并通过锦屏2级水电站引水隧洞爆破开挖损伤区检测数据对数值模拟的结果进行了验证。研究表明,爆炸荷载和地应力瞬态卸载所诱发的围岩损伤程度和范围均随地应力量级的提高而显著增大;爆炸荷载作用条件下损伤区的分布有随着侧压力系数的增大而向应力集中区发展的趋势,而地应力瞬态卸荷所产生的围岩破坏以受拉破坏为主,表层损伤区沿开挖呈轮廓均匀分布的趋势;在相同的初始地应力状态下,爆炸荷载和地应力瞬态卸荷所分别诱发的围岩损伤区深度均明显小于实测值,考虑二者的耦合效应后,计算值与实测值基本吻合。这说明这两种荷载是高应力条件下爆破开挖荷载的主要成分,但二者耦合作用对围岩的损伤大于它们单独作用效应的线性叠加。 相似文献
4.
高地应力条件下隧道或硐室钻爆开挖需考虑初始地应力动态卸荷效应,同时其最终损伤形态会受多个因素影响。采用三维有限差分软件FLAC3D讨论了爆破荷载与地应力动态卸荷复合作用下隧道围岩损伤分布,并重点研究了侧压力系数、岩体力学性质、卸荷速率对围岩损伤范围的影响,最后通过赣龙铁路梅花山隧道开挖损伤区检测结果进行了验证。研究表明,考虑动态卸荷效应的围岩损伤范围明显大于只考虑爆破荷载作用下的围岩损伤范围,在中高地应力条件下,初始地应力动态卸荷对围岩的损伤破坏作用不可忽视;随着侧压力系数逐渐增大,损伤区形态呈现明显的方向性,当侧压力系数为1时,损伤区沿开挖轮廓面分布较为均匀,侧压力系数不为1时,损伤区主要向小主应力方向集中;岩石力学性质越好,损伤范围越小;卸荷速率越快,围岩损伤范围越大,但影响并不十分显著。结果可为高地应力下隧道开挖稳定性分析和支护设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
5.
在广东南部低山丘陵区剥蚀卸荷作用或许会导致地下一定深度地应力弱化和局部破碎泥化带生成,这一猜想在中国散裂中子源（CSNS）场地工程地质勘察中得到了证实。电法物探剖面显示出地形上山脊由330°急转为220°向急拐弯处地下局部低阻区、4个钻孔中揭露了完整变粒岩中蚀变长英质变质石英砂岩部位30~40 m深度范围出现局部泥化带。后续施工开挖中也揭露出此现象。数值模拟表明,受剥蚀卸荷影响的山脊近直角拐弯处一定深度范围内应力降低,靠近岩脉与变粒岩接触带岩体质量局部变差,出现破碎带,并控制了地下水局部富集和邻近低洼沟谷中泉水的生成。本研究揭示了山脊突变对地应力和岩体结构的影响,可望为类似条件下地质异常分析提供一定借鉴。 相似文献
6.
Microseism Induced by Transient Release of In Situ Stress During Deep Rock Mass Excavation by Blasting 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jianhua Yang Wenbo Lu Ming Chen Peng Yan Chuangbing Zhou 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(4):859-875
During deep rock mass excavation with the method of drill and blast, accompanying the secession of rock fragments and the formation of a new free surface, in situ stress on this boundary is suddenly released within several milliseconds, which is termed the transient release of in situ stress. In this process, enormous strain energy around the excavation face is instantly released in the form of kinetic energy and it inevitably induces microseismic events in surrounding rock masses. Thus, blasting excavation-induced microseismic vibrations in high-stress rock masses are attributed to the combined action of explosion and the transient release of in situ stress. The intensity of stress release-induced microseisms, which depends mainly on the magnitude of the in situ stress and the dimension of the excavation face, is comparable to that of explosion-induced vibrations. With the methods of time–energy density analysis, amplitude spectrum analysis, and finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter, microseismic vibrations induced by the transient release of in situ stress were identified and separated from recorded microseismic signals during a blast of deep rock masses in the Pubugou Hydropower Station. The results show that the low-frequency component in the microseismic records results mainly from the transient release of in situ stress, while the high-frequency component originates primarily from explosion. In addition, a numerical simulation was conducted to demonstrate the occurrence of microseismic events by the transient release of in situ stress, and the results seem to have confirmed fairly well the separated vibrations from microseismic records. 相似文献
7.
白鹤滩水电站左岸坝基边坡地质构造错综复杂,坡内多条陡倾断层和顺坡向错动带是控制边坡稳定性的主要因素。结合现场地质资料、监测数据及勘察认识,利用通用离散元软件UDEC建立左岸边坡开挖变形分析模型。首先在无支护开挖工况下研究主要结构面F17、LS331、LS3319上下盘岩体关键点应力及位移变化,并指出潜在失稳破坏区;同时采用预应力锚索单元在不同施工时序下对潜在不稳定块体进行加固计算,对比研究了不同方案下左岸边坡的变形破坏机制和整体稳定性。计算结果和现场监测表明：左岸边坡变形破坏与结构面密切相关,在开挖卸荷作用下主要表现为沿错动带的压剪破坏和陡倾断层的张拉破坏,采用预应力锚索加固处理能够有效提高边坡稳定性,并且在开挖后及时跟进支护可以有效抑制边坡剪切变形。研究结果对白鹤滩左岸坝基边坡后续工程加固和施工工序具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
8.
Manuel Rocha Medal Recipient Simulating the Time-dependent Behaviour of Excavations in Hard Rock 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
D. F. Malan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2002,35(4):225-254
Summary
Although hard rock is not usually associated with large creep deformation, data collected from the tunnels and stopes of the
deep South African gold mines illustrates significant time-dependent behaviour. Apart from application in mining, a better
understanding of the time-dependent behaviour of crystalline rock is required to analyse the long term stability of nuclear
waste repositories and to design better support for deep civil engineering tunnels in these rock types. To illustrate the
subtle problems associated with using viscoelastic theory to simulate the time-dependent behaviour of hard rock, a viscoelastic
convergence solution for the incremental enlargement of a tabular excavation is discussed. Data on the time-dependent deformation
of a tunnel developed in hard rock further illustrates the limitations of the theory, as it is unable to simulate the fracture
zone around these excavations. To simulate the rheology of the fracture zone, a continuum viscoplastic approach was developed
and implemented in a finite difference code. This proved more successful in modelling the time-dependent closure of stopes
and squeezing conditions in hard rock tunnels. A continuum approach, however, has limitations in areas where the squeezing
behaviour is dominated by the time-dependent behaviour of prominent discontinuities such as bedding planes. To overcome this
problem, a viscoplastic displacement discontinuity technique was developed. This, combined with a tessellation approach, leads
to more realistic modelling of the time-dependent behaviour of the fracture zone around excavations.
Received January 15, 2002; accepted June 3, 2002 Published online September 2, 2002 相似文献
9.
深部资源开发中地下洞室围岩稳定控制必须面对峰后碎裂岩体的变形和破坏问题,目前深部多裂隙岩体开挖强卸荷引起的围岩变形破坏规律尚不清楚,常导致大体积塌方、大变形等重大工程事故。采用大尺度三维模型相似试验系统,分析具有不同倾角的多层节理的岩体在高地应力下开挖变形破坏规律。试验结果表明：裂隙倾角较小时,隧道上、下侧围岩主要发生大变形,左、右侧围岩呈现分层破裂现象,随着裂隙倾角增大,破裂区从洞室左、右两侧逐渐扩展到洞室全周,顶部岩体越容易发生大体积滑塌;隧道围岩由内向外应力和位移值呈波动状分布;洞周塑性区范围随裂隙倾角增大而增大,裂隙倾角越大,洞周塑性区越容易与洞室上、下侧裂隙面连通。该研究为保障深部工程的安全修建与运营提供了试验基础。 相似文献
10.
岩爆破坏过程能量释放的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩爆是地下岩石开挖中的一种工程灾害现象,是岩体结构发生破坏时,由于内部储存的弹性能释放并转换为动能而造成动力形式的破坏。岩爆破坏过程中的能量释放与岩体在应力峰值前后的应力-应变特性紧密相关。另外,施工中开挖速度引起的加载速率的变化也会对岩爆的产生有明显影响。以岩体全过程应力-应变曲线试验为基础分析岩爆破坏过程。分析中采用的模型考虑了岩石峰值后应力-应变特性及加载速率的影响。运用数值方法对岩石洞室的开挖过程进行了模拟,在模拟中对岩体破坏的发生及弹性能释放过程进行了分析。数值分析结果显示,岩体洞室开挖过程中岩石破坏由岩体表面向岩体内部发展,岩石的弹性能释放率也随着破坏的发展而不断增加。分析结果还显示,岩体破坏时的弹性能释放速率会随着开挖速率的提高而明显增加。 相似文献
11.
Judith Sausse Chrystel Dezayes Louis Dorbath Albert Genter Joachim Place 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(7-8):531-545
This study presents a new deterministic 3D model of the fracture zones observed in the granitic reservoir of the Soultz European geothermal project. The major fracture zones encountered around 6 wells (4550, EPS1, GPK1, GPK2, GPK3 and GPK4) consist in 53 main structures that are located and characterized in terms of size and orientation: 39 fracture zones, 8 microseismic structures and 6 structures derived from vertical seismic profiles are represented in the 3D model using Discrete Fracture Network tools of the gOcad modelling platform (Paradigm?, Earth Decision?). This work illustrates the complexity of 3D fracture zone correlation and interpretation in crystalline rock masses characterized at meter scale (borehole) and at the reservoir scale (kilometer) thanks to geophysical imaging techniques. 相似文献
12.
将确定双重孔隙-裂隙介质凝聚力及内摩擦角的方法与描述介质强度各向异性的微结构-无迹张量方法相结合,引入到三维有限元程序中。以简单的算例,通过解析解与数值解的比较,验证了所开发的有限元程序的可靠性。针对一个假定的位于被3组正交裂隙所切割的围岩中的矩形洞室,使用Mohr-Coulomb准则进行弹塑性数值模拟,就不同的工况分析了围岩中的位移、应力及塑性区的状态。计算结果显示：裂隙组的不同展布及组合使得岩体的变形及强度性质有着不同的各向异性,从而相应地导致围岩中的位移、应力及塑性区的分布与量值产生明显的差异。 相似文献
13.
论述了考虑开挖卸荷效应的二维位移反分析方法。对龙滩水电站左岸岩质边坡1-1剖面进行地质概化、施工开挖分区和开挖扰动分区,建立有限元计算模型。根据试验和现场实测资料,确定待反演得参数和取值范围,通过二维弹塑性有限元方法与神经网络-遗传算法相结合反分析出岩体力学参数。基于该参数的正分析计算结果表明,计算位移与监测位移趋势一致,量值吻合。开挖面附近最大压应力约为1.0 MPa左右,开挖面附近基本上没有拉应力区。开挖完成后的塑性区主要分布在坡顶和开挖面及大断层附近,而且基本上发生在开挖损伤区和部分卸荷影响区。 相似文献
14.
分区破裂化作为深部岩体典型的非线性力学现象而备受关注。基于内变量梯度理论,得到圆形隧道围岩应力场、应变场以及位移场的封闭解析解,并与经典弹性理论结果进行比较;分析内檩长度对应力场和变形场的影响规律。由于考虑了微观结构对围岩宏观应力与变形行为的影响,内变量梯度理论得到的应力场和变形场具有显著的波动性与准周期性。结合Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,估算圆形隧道围岩破裂区的位置及宽度。研究表明,随着初始地应力的增大,圆形隧道围岩破碎区数量增加,且破坏范围向外扩展。最后通过与模型试验结果对比,验证了梯度模型的准确性。提出的梯度模型可以为解释围岩分区破裂化提供一个有效的理论手段。 相似文献
15.
A state-of-the-art review is conducted to highlight the fracture mechanism in rock blast and advantages and limitations of various methods in modelling it. A hybrid finite-discrete element method (FEM-DEM) is implemented to simulate rock fracture and resultant fragment muck-piling in various blasting scenarios. The modelled crushed, cracked and long radial crack zones are compared with those in literatures to calibrate the hybrid FEM-DEM. Moreover, the hybrid modelling reproduces the rock fragmentation process during blasting. It is concluded that the hybrid FEM-DEM is superior to continuous and discontinuous methods in terms of modelling dynamic fracture of rock under blast-induced impact load. 相似文献
16.
A. Ball 《Tectonophysics》1980,61(4):T1-T5
Concepts of materials science are applied in an attempt to describe the growth and properties of shear or fault zones which are associated with deep focus earthquakes. Aspects of fracture toughness, dynamic recrystallisation and superplasticity are used to model the observed characteristics of such zones. The fault or shear zone is considered to be composed of very fine grained rock which is capable of deformation by the mechanism of “superplasticity” such that it has little resistance to shear as compared with the surrounding rock mass. This “superplastic crack” will therefore have an associated region of concentrated shear stress around its perimeter which, at typical rock temperatures of greater than half the melting point, will continuously promote dynamic recrystallisation. In this way the fault is self-propagating until growth velocities are reached which do not allow sufficient time for the recrystallisation process to occur. The intermittent activity of earthquakes is thus in qualitative agreement with the theory. 相似文献
17.
18.
在地下深处开挖巷道会诱发应力的急剧调整,无疑会使围岩产生不同程度的损伤。开挖的动态作用虽然持续时间较短,但造成的损伤为后续时效变形和工程扰动影响下的失稳破坏提供了基础条件。为了能够得到开挖作用引起的金川矿区深部巷道损伤区演化规律,从而对巷道损伤破坏进行针对性的防治,本文基于矿区的实际巷道埋深和岩体结构种类,采用等效开挖模拟方法和非均质模型进行了巷道开挖损伤问题的数值模拟研究。模拟结果揭示了在不同水平和岩体结构条件组合情况下开挖损伤区的演化过程和规律。根据研究区巷道的损伤破坏规律,本文提出了深部巷道开挖损伤演化的5种模式,并揭示了各种模式的诱发条件、表现特征、力学机制及发展趋势。相关认识和结论期望为理论和工程实践提供一定的借鉴和参考。 相似文献
19.
The application of electrical imaging and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetics was investigated for the purpose of delineating basement fracture zones, and to show how incorporating a priori information in numerical modelling would facilitate the location of fractured zones within a basement rock more precisely. To this end, direct current (DC) dipole–dipole resistivity and VLF modelling and inversion experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the methods in detecting low-resistivity fracture zones in a typical crystalline basement rock that is favourable for groundwater accumulation. Most wells drilled in such an environment usually have low yields. Results of the numerical experiment generally indicate that fractures covered by moderate overburden, and having considerable depth, extent, and thickness compared to the depth of fracture burial, produce good responses resulting in high-resolution resistivity images. Lower resolution resistivity images were obtained as the thickness of the overburden increased. Also, the model investigations indicate that width of the fracture zone plays a major role in controlling image resolution. Conclusions from the synthetic modelling were confirmed by resistivity and VLF data gathered across a suspected fault in a hard rock terrain of southwestern Nigeria. The results from the field data are in general agreement with the numerical modelling experiments.Integración de métodos geofísicos superficiales para la detección de fracturas en macizos rocosos cristalinos del suroeste de Nigeria. 相似文献
20.
澜沧江某电站左岸地下洞室群围岩稳定性的三维数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
在岩体结构模型概化的基础上 ,采用三维有限元数值分析方法 ,系统研究了澜沧江某大型水电站大跨度、高边墙地下洞室群开挖完成后围岩的二次应力场、变形场和塑性破坏区的变化特征。总结了地下洞室群围岩应力、变形和破坏区的分布特征和变化规律 ,为洞室群稳定性评价和工程施工设计提供了基础资料和参考依据。 相似文献