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1.
Summary The study examines regional atmospheric model (RM) simulations of the mean June–September (JJAS) climate and the implications of the mean state for the model representation of African wave disturbances (AWD). Two simulations are made with a version of the RM that computes soil moisture with multivariate functions that statistically relate it to rainfall, surface temperature, albedo, vegetation and terrain slope. These simulations differ according to the assignment of ground temperatures (Tg). While the control experiment is based on the fully interactive computation of soil moisture, the second experiment tests the response to fixed Tg whose seasonal means are more realistic than in the control within a swath along the Gulf of Guinea coast. A third simulation is made with the RM coupled to a sophisticated land surface process model (RM2). Results show a rather acute sensitivity of the mean circulation to land surface processes. The more realistic meridional temperature gradient created by fixing Tg in turn increased the vertical wind shear over West Africa and eliminated unrealistic westerly circulation at 700mb. AWD composites were transformed from intense closed cyclonic circulations with copious rainfall to more realistic open waves that organized more moderate precipitation maxima. Lower vorticity variances in the specified change experiment imply that the open waves were characterized by more moderate vorticity extremes. Corresponding spectral amplitudes for 3–6 day periodicities of the 700mb meridional wind were 40–80% of control values within the swath of maximum AWD activity. From among the three simulations, RM2 achieved seasonal mean precipitation, temperature, energy flux and circulation distributions that, despite some unrealistic features, were closest to observational evidence. RM2 AWD were much less intense and favored slightly longer periods. Results demonstrate that discrepancies in modeled ground temperatures caused by underestimating the cloudiness that intercepts short wave solar flux along a narrow swath of the West African coast have far-reaching consequences for the simulation of both the mean summer climate and individual synoptic disturbances. The study implies that this cooling along the Gulf of Guinea coast prevents AWD from developing into more intense storms with heavier precipitation. 相似文献
2.
Leonard M. Druyan Matthew Fulakeza Patrick Lonergan Erik Noble 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,105(3-4):191-210
The study examines results of dynamic downscaling of two global analyses: the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis II and the Global Forecast System final analysis (FNL). Downscaling to a 0.5° grid over West Africa and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean is accomplished by each of two regional models, the Regional Model, version 3 (RM3) of the Center for Climate Systems Research and the Weather, Research and Forecasting model (WRF). Simulations are for September 2006, the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) Special Observing Period #3 (SOP-3). The aim of this study is to exploit the increased spatial detail in the simulations and representations of climate fields by the regional models to analyze meteorological systems within the SOP-3 area of interest and time frame. In particular, the paper focuses on the regional models’ representations of the structure and movement of a prominent easterly wave during September 10–13th, the precursor of Tropical Storm/Hurricane Helene. It describes the RM3 simulated structure of the developing storm in terms of circulation, precipitation, vertical motion, cumulus heating rates, and cross-sections of wind and geopotential height anomalies. Simulated cumulus heating rates within the wave’s main precipitation area imply a lowering of the bases of active cumulus in the transition from the African continent to the Atlantic, indicating that the ocean environment promotes greater upward latent heat flux that in turn intensifies overlying storms. RM3 circulation, precipitation patterns, and storm trajectory are reasonably consistent with observational evidence. Experiments show that precipitation rates near 6°N over the eastern North Atlantic are sensitive to vertical thermal stability, such that they are enhanced by warmer in situ sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and diminished by colder SSTs. However, prescribing colder SST causes increases in precipitation north of 9°N within areas of large scale upward vertical motion where rainfall rates are less sensitive to in situ SSTs. The evaluation of WRF indicates that its storm propagation is too fast over West Africa, where associated WRF precipitation rates are exaggerated, but its performance is improved over the Atlantic. 相似文献
3.
The results of two regional atmospheric model simulations are compared to assess the influence of the eastern tropical Atlantic sea-surface temperature maximum on local precipitation, transient easterly waves and the West African summer monsoon. Both model simulations were initialized with reanalysis 2 data (US National Center for Environmental Prediction and Department of Energy) on 15 May 2006 and extended through 6 October 2006, forced by synchronous reanalysis 2 lateral boundary conditions introduced four times daily. One simulation uses 2006 reanalysis 2 sea-surface temperatures, also updated four times daily, while the second simulation considers ocean forcing absent the sea-surface temperature maximum, achieved here by subtracting 3°K at every ocean grid point between 0° and 15°N during the entire simulation. The simulation with 2006 sea-surface temperature forcing produces a realistic distribution of June?CSeptember mean precipitation and realistic westward propagating swaths of maximum rainfall, based on validation against Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) estimates. The simulation without the sea-surface temperature maximum produces only 57% of the control June?CSeptember total precipitation over the eastern tropical Atlantic and about 83% of the Sahel precipitation. The simulation with warmer ocean temperatures generates generally stronger circulation, which in turn enhances precipitation by increasing moisture convergence. Some local precipitation enhancement is also attributed to lower vertical thermal stability above the warm water. The study shows that the eastern tropical Atlantic sea-surface temperature maximum enhances the strength of transient easterly waves and broadens the spatial extent of associated precipitation. However, large-scale circulation and its interaction with the African continent, and not sea-surface temperatures, control the timing and trajectories of the waves. 相似文献
4.
The WAMME regional model intercomparison study 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Leonard M. Druyan Jinming Feng Kerry H. Cook Yongkang Xue Matthew Fulakeza Samson M. Hagos Abdourahamane Konaré Wilfran Moufouma-Okia David P. Rowell Edward K. Vizy Seidou Sanda Ibrah 《Climate Dynamics》2010,35(1):175-192
Results from five regional climate models (RCMs) participating in the West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation (WAMME) initiative are analyzed. The RCMs were driven by boundary conditions from National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis II data sets and observed sea-surface temperatures (SST) over four May–October seasons, (2000 and 2003–2005). In addition, the simulations were repeated with two of the RCMs, except that lateral boundary conditions were derived from a continuous global climate model (GCM) simulation forced with observed SST data. RCM and GCM simulations of precipitation, surface air temperature and circulation are compared to each other and to observational evidence. Results demonstrate a range of RCM skill in representing the mean summer climate and the timing of monsoon onset. Four of the five models generate positive precipitation biases and all simulate negative surface air temperature biases over broad areas. RCM spatial patterns of June–September mean precipitation over the Sahel achieve spatial correlations with observational analyses of about 0.90, but within two areas south of 10°N the correlations average only about 0.44. The mean spatial correlation coefficient between RCM and observed surface air temperature over West Africa is 0.88. RCMs show a range of skill in simulating seasonal mean zonal wind and meridional moisture advection and two RCMs overestimate moisture convergence over West Africa. The 0.5° computing grid enables three RCMs to detect local minima related to high topography in seasonal mean meridional moisture advection. Sensitivity to lateral boundary conditions differs between the two RCMs for which this was assessed. The benefits of dynamic downscaling the GCM seasonal climate prediction are analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
5.
利用国家气象信息中心提供的1951～2004年全国160个测站月平均降水资料和欧洲中心提供的ERA-40再分析资料,对近50多年东北地区夏季降水、东北冷涡与前期北半球环状模和海温的关系进行了统计分析,定义了一个夏季(6～8月)东北冷涡强度指数(NECVI)。结果表明:NECVI能够较好表征东北低涡的气候效应;夏季东北冷涡强度与降水存在显著的正相关,东北冷涡强年,降水偏多,前期2月北半球环状模(NAM)偏弱;东北冷涡偏弱年,降水偏少,前期2月NAM偏强。此外,夏季东北冷涡与前期的中国近海海温存在显著的负相关,前期NAM和中国近海海温的异常可以作为夏季东北冷涡异常的一个前兆信号,进而为东北地区夏季降水异常的预测提供参考依据。 相似文献
6.
利用自动站观测资料、多普勒雷达资料、ERA5 0.25 °×0.25 °再分析资料及WRF数值模拟资料，对2018年5月19—20日发生在重庆武陵山区一次暖区暴雨过程中尺度环境条件及中小尺度对流系统演变、触发和维持机制等进行分析。结果表明:（1）此次过程无明显冷空气强迫，斜压性弱，边界层高温高湿，对流层中下层存在明显条件不稳定层结；（2）石桥强降水中小尺度对流系统演变主要有3个阶段:分散对流组织成东西向带状对流、带状对流断裂后雨团准静止维持、东北-西南向带状对流快速重建；（3）沿武陵山脉分布的边界层辐合线触发雷暴发生，强回波单体沿辐合线移动和加强，形成“列车效应”；（4）石桥东部山顶雷暴冷池出流下山，与环境暖湿气流和地形作用共同维持石桥强降水；（5）山区地形对降水有重要影响，近地面偏东风与石桥西部山体相互作用形成局地气旋性小涡旋触发降水，而受到石桥东部山体阻挡作用，地形性涡旋移速变慢，利于强降水维持。 相似文献
7.
中国区域ERA-40、NCEP-2再分析资料与观测资料的初步比较与分析 总被引：31，自引：6，他引：25
再分析资料在气候变化研究中有着广泛的应用,但是再分析资料在不同时空尺度上的可信度能够影响到研究结果。作者就中国区域的月平均地表(2 m)气温和降水两种基本气候变量在空间分布及其变化趋势上对ERA-40和NCEP-2与观测资料之间的差异做了一些比较和分析,对两套再分析资料的可信度进行了初步的检验。结果表明:两套再分析资料基本上都能反映出中国区域的温度场和降水场的时空分布,尽管在中国西部,尤其是青藏高原地区的差异比较较大;再分析资料在东部地区的可信度高于西部,温度场的可信度要高于降水场,ERA-40可信度要高于NCEP-2。 相似文献
8.
Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: a comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Isabel Franco Trigo 《Climate Dynamics》2006,26(2-3):127-143
An objective methodology is applied to ERA-40 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year Reanalysis) and
NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalyses, to build two
storm-track databases for the Euro-Atlantic sector (85°W–70°E; 20°N–75°N), spanning the period December 1958–March 2000. The
technique uses the full temporal (6-hourly) and spatial resolutions (1.125° and 2.5° regular grids, for ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR,
respectively) available. It is shown that the strong discrepancies in the number of storms in each dataset (higher for ERA-40)
result from differences in the resolution of the fields subject to the storm detecting/tracking algorithm, and also from the
characteristics of the integration models and assimilation schemes used for each reanalysis. An intercomparison of ERA-40
and NCEP/NCAR storm-tracks is performed for spatial distribution, and main characteristics, of the overall cyclone population
and of a class of severe storms—explosive cyclones. Despite the discrepancies in storm numbers, both reanalyses agree on the
main cyclone activity areas (formation, minimum central pressure, and lysis). The most pronounced differences occur where
subsynoptic systems are frequent, as these are better resolved by ERA-40 data. The interannual variability of cyclone counts,
analysed per intensity classes and for different regions of the domain, reveals reasonable agreement between the two datasets
on the sign of trends (generally positive in northern latitudes, and negative in the Azores-Mediterranean band), but discrepancies
regarding their strength in the most southern areas, where the mismatches between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR detected lows are greatest.
Submitted to Climate Dynamics in December 2004 相似文献
9.
北半球环状模(NAM)、东北冷涡与前汛期华南旱涝 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的1951-2004年全国160站月平均降水资料和欧洲中心提供的ERA-40再分析资料，对近50年华南前汛期降水、东北冷涡、前期北半球环状模和海温的关系进行了统计分析，定义了一个前汛期东北冷涡强度指数（NECVI），结果表明：前汛期东北冷涡强度与华南降水存在显著的正相关，东北冷涡强年，华南降水偏多，前期2-3月份北半球环状模（NAM）偏弱；反之，东北冷涡偏弱年，华南降水偏少，前期2-3月份NAM偏强。此外，前汛期东北冷涡的强度和前期的中国近海海温存在显著的负相关，前期的NAM和中国近海海温的异常可以作为前汛期东北冷涡异常的一个前兆信号，进而为华南地区前汛期降水异常的预测提供参考依据。 相似文献
10.
E. A. Afiesimama 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2007,90(1-2):103-111
Summary The paper examines the annual cycle of the mid-tropospheric easterly jet (MTJ) over West Africa against the background of
many reviews indicating different locations and characteristics of the jet and considering it as a summer feature. NCEP–NCAR
reanalysis zonal wind datasets for the period 1971–2000 and upper air datasets over the region are used. The results exhibit
realistic spatial structure of the easterly jet. The long-term mean of the datasets suggests that the jet over West Africa
is not only a summer feature but can also be found in winter with the same order of magnitude in the wind velocity at the
core. The jet axis is located at about lat. 2° N close to the Guinean Coast in winter and at lat. 14° N in summer. The meridional
oscillation of the jet suggests that as it advances northward, it maintains an altitude of 700 hPa in winter and transits
in mid-spring to 650 hPa and reaches 600 hPa in summer. In the retreat, it displaces to 650 hPa at the end of September rather
sharply to reach 700 hPa in October. The jet’s core has been observed to have a northeast–southwest orientation from season
to season, covering a longitude of 29° from its southernmost to the northernmost positions. 相似文献
11.
L. M. Druyan 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1998,65(1-2):55-75
Summary Components of the June-September climate over the Sahel are investigated in simulations with the GCM of the NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, forced by SST observed during 1987 and 1988. The study analyzes the role of the synoptic patterns in determining precipitation differences between the two seasons, with special attention given to African wave disturbances (AWD). Emphasis is placed on deducing the characteristics of individual systems which may be missed by spectral and/or composite analyses. Results are derived from time-longitude cross-sections and spatial distributions of daily and weekly averages of key climatological variables. Despite the overall rainier season, rainless AWD are more prevalent in the simulations corresponding to June–September 1988 forcing than for 1987. Daily precipitation is shown to be highly correlated with mid-tropospheric vorticity, near surface convergence and 200 mb divergence. August daily rainfall was some-what better correlated with implied large scale vertical motion for 1988 forcing, emphasizing the dominance of broad circulation influences during that summer. While significant rainfall variability is attributed to AWD, quasistationary mechanisms cannot be ignored. In these simulations, upper tropospheric divergence modulated by changes in the Tropical Easterly Jet serves to both intensify the rainfall triggered by AWD and to sustain broader rainfall patterns during events of massive uplift.With 16 Figures 相似文献
12.
Reduction of systematic biases in regional climate downscaling through ensemble forcing 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Simulations of the East Asian summer monsoon for the period of 1979–2001 were carried out using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model forced by three reanalysis datasets (NCEP-R2, ERA-40, and JRA-25). The experiments forced by different reanalysis data exhibited remarkable differences, primarily caused by uncertainties in the lateral boundary (LB) moisture fluxes over the Bay of Bengal and the Philippine Sea. The climatological mean water vapor convergence into the model domain computed from ERA-40 was about 24% higher than that from the NCEP-R2 reanalysis. We demonstrate that using the ensemble mean of NCEP-R2, ERA-40, and JRA-25 as LB forcing considerably reduced the biases in the model simulation. The use of ensemble forcing improved the performance in simulated mean circulation and precipitation, inter-annual variation in seasonal precipitation, and daily precipitation. The model simulated precipitation was superior to that in the reanalysis in both climatology and year-to-year variations, indicating the added value of dynamic downscaling. The results suggest that models having better performance under one set of LB forcing might worsen when another set of reanalysis data is used as LB forcing. Use of ensemble mean LB forcing for assessing regional climate model performance is recommended. 相似文献
13.
Dynamical downscaling of ERA-40 in complex terrain using the WRF regional climate model 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Results from a first-time employment of the WRF regional climate model to climatological simulations in Europe are presented. The ERA-40 reanalysis (resolution 1°) has been downscaled to a horizontal resolution of 30 and 10?km for the period of 1961?C1990. This model setup includes the whole North Atlantic in the 30?km domain and spectral nudging is used to keep the large scales consistent with the driving ERA-40 reanalysis. The model results are compared against an extensive observational network of surface variables in complex terrain in Norway. The comparison shows that the WRF model is able to add significant detail to the representation of precipitation and 2-m temperature of the ERA-40 reanalysis. Especially the geographical distribution, wet day frequency and extreme values of precipitation are highly improved due to the better representation of the orography. Refining the resolution from 30 to 10?km further increases the skill of the model, especially in case of precipitation. Our results indicate that the use of 10-km resolution is advantageous for producing regional future climate projections. Use of a large domain and spectral nudging seems to be useful in reproducing the extreme precipitation events due to the better resolved synoptic scale features over the North Atlantic, and also helps to reduce the large regional temperature biases over Norway. This study presents a high-resolution, high-quality climatological data set useful for reference climate impact studies. 相似文献
14.
北方雨季中国东部降水异常模态的环流特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据1958～2011年中国东部（105°E以东）316站逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,利用统计分析、物理量诊断等方法,探讨北方雨季（7月11日至8月31日）中国东部降水异常模态及同期、前期的大气环流特征。分析发现,北方雨季中国东部降水异常表现为三个相互独立的降水模态:第一模态为偏西型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,河套地区降水偏多（少）,江淮流域上游降水偏少（多）,南方大部降水偏多（少）;第二模态为北方一致型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,北方降水一致偏多（少）,长江流域降水偏少（多）;第三模态为偏东型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,东北南部至长江中游降水偏多（少）,华东沿海降水偏少（多）。研究发现,造成北方雨季三个降水异常模态的环流特征各不相同:偏西型降水主要受西亚高空副热带西风急流位置南北偏移影响;北方一致型降水主要由东亚-太平洋遥相关波列导致;偏东型降水主要与海陆气压异常对比造成的东亚夏季风变化有关。此外,三个模态与前期环流异常有密切联系。第一模态的正（负）异常由7月上旬200 hPa来自北大西洋的异常波列造成乌拉尔山位势高度负（正）异常和巴尔喀什湖以南位势高度正（负）异常引起。第二模态的正（负）异常与前期7月上旬200 hPa北大西洋上位势高度负（正）异常产生的沿中纬度（高纬度）路径向下游传播的波列有关。第三模态的正（负）异常由春季3月份低层蒙古上空异常的气旋（反气旋）持续至同期造成。 相似文献
15.
本文利用NCEP1°×1°6小时再分析资料及常规观测资料,针对2017年5月2～3日发生在四川盆地东北部的一次暴雨天气过程的水汽条件进行分析。其结果表明:(1)暴雨开始前,水汽含量猛增,湿层厚度增加,并在整个过程中维持高湿状态;暴雨区水汽随时间由南向北逐渐增加。(2)暴雨区水汽总收支在整个时段都为正值,水汽收入大值与两个降水时段的开始时间重合,经向的水汽输入在此次过程中起主要作用。(3)水汽的来源主要是孟加拉湾和南海,水汽输送以850～700hPa为主,由南至北逐渐减弱,南部湿层更厚,与大暴雨落区相对应。(4)第一阶段降水开始时,水汽低层辐合、高层辐散,两阶段降水之间辐合减弱,然后又增强并持续到过程结束。 相似文献
16.
Validation of ECMWF and NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis Data in Antarctica 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
YU Lejiang ZHANG Zhanhai ZHOU Mingyu Shiyuan ZHONG Donald LENSCHOW Hsiaoming HSU WU Huiding SUN Bo 《大气科学进展》2010,27(5):1151-1168
The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) ECMWF (ERA-40) and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data were compared with Antarctic station observations, including surface-layer and upper-layer atmospheric observations, on intraseasonal and interannual timescales. At the interannual timescale, atmospheric pressure at different height levels in the ERA-40 data are in better agre... 相似文献
17.
Comparison of surface variables from ERA and NCEP reanalysis with station data over eastern China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Zhaofei Liu Zongxue Xu Zhijun Yao Heqing Huang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,107(3-4):611-621
This study compared precipitation, mean air temperature (MAT) and mean sea level pressure (MSLP) from two widely used reanalysis datasets (ERA-40 and NCEP) with those from observed stations across eastern China. The evaluation was based on a comparison of both temporal and spatial variability and included several assessment criteria such as the mean values, normalized root mean square error, Mann–Kendall test, empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and probability density functions. The results showed that both the ERA-40 and NCEP datasets could capture temporal and spatial variability of the observed precipitation, MAT and MSLP over eastern China. The results showed that the two reanalysis datasets performed better for MAT and MSLP than for precipitation. Overall, the two reanalysis datasets revealed reasonable agreement with observations according to the evaluation. ERA-40 was better at capturing the temporal and spatial distributions for these three variables than NCEP, especially for MAT and MSLP. NCEP tended to overestimate the annual precipitation for both mean and extreme values, while ERA-40 tended to underestimate it, particularly for extreme values. The two reanalysis datasets performed better in the east and northeast regions of the study area than in other regions for capturing the temporal variability of MAT and MSLP. ERA-40 was poor at capturing the temporal variability of precipitation in northeastern China. According to the trend analysis, the two reanalysis datasets showed lower trends for MAT and precipitation and higher trends for MSLP. Both ERA-40 and NCEP had larger explained variances for the first two EOFs than the observed precipitation. This implies that both reanalysis datasets tend to simulate a more uniform spatial distribution for precipitation in the study area. 相似文献
18.
利用常规观测资料、NECP/NCAR提供的1°×1°FNL全球再分析资料,对2012年鲁西北一次持续性暴雨进行了湿Q矢量方法诊断分析。结果表明：此次持续暴雨出现在有利的环流背景下,降水区域集中并有明显的中尺度特征,湿Q矢量方法是分析强降水落区很好的工具;925～850 hPa湿Q矢量散度与强降水落区有较好的对应关系,但暴雨并不总是出现在湿Q矢量散度负值区中心,有时出现在湿Q矢量散度梯度大的负值区一侧;700 hPa湿Q矢量涡度正值中心与散度负值重叠的区域是中尺度低值系统发展有利的区域,与未来6～12 h暴雨落区有很好的对应;湿Q矢量锋生函数差值预报强降水落区明显优于锋生函数。 相似文献
19.
Comparison of products from ERA-40, NCEP-2, and CRU with station data for summer precipitation over China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summer precipitation products from the 45-Year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA-40), and NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Reanalysis (NCEP-2), and Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS 2.1 dataset are compared with the corresponding observations over China in order to understand the quality and utility of the reanalysis datasets for the period 1979–2001. The results reveal that although the magnitude and location of the rainfall belts differ among the reanalysis, CRU, and station data over South and West China, the spatial distributions show good agreement over most areas of China. In comparison with the observations in most areas of China, CRU best matches the observed summer precipitation, while ERA-40 reports less precipitation and NCEP-2 reports more precipitation than the observations. With regard to the amplitude of the interannual variations, CRU is better than either of the reanalyses in representing the corresponding observations. The amplitude in NCEP-2 is stronger but that of ERA-40 is weaker than the observations in most study domains. NCEP-2 has a more obvious interannual variability than ERA-40 or CRU in most areas of East China. Through an Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the main features of the rainfall belts produced by CRU agree better with the observations than with those produced by the reanalyses in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley. In East of China, particularly in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley, CRU can reveal the quasi-biennial oscillation of summer precipitation represented by the observations, but the signal of ERA-40 is comparatively weak and not very obvious, whereas that of NCEP-2 is also weak before 1990 but very strong after 1990. The results also suggest that the magnitude of the precipitation difference between ERA-40 and the observations is smaller than that between NCEP-2 and the observations, but the variations represented by NCEP-2 are more reasonable than those given by ERA-40 in most areas of East China to some extent. 相似文献
20.
华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
采用1958-2000年华南57站前汛期日降水资料和NCEP／NCAR逐日水汽输送再分析资料，分析了华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系，并对旱、涝年进行了比较分析。结果表明：华南地区经向水汽输送的异常变化将导致该地区的异常旱涝，而纬向水汽输送的异常变化只导致该地区出现小范围的降水异常。旱年和涝年的异常水汽输送不是简单的反位相关系。来自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽对华南地区前汛期的降水异常没有明显的作用，南海(主要是其北部)才是华南降水异常的关键区。 相似文献