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1.
通过鸡冠山隧道涌水实例及广泛收集岩溶地区隧道涌水案例,总结出岩溶地区隧道季节变动带涌水具有反应时间快、水量大、泥沙重的特点,并综合分析地下水季节变动带隧道的水文地质特征,将其划分为一般山岭隧道及向斜构造地下水位变动带两种类型,且对两种类型涌水机理进行了阐述。岩溶地区隧道前期勘察应重点划分隧道岩溶地下水系统及地下水动力分带,查明岩溶发育特征与规律;施工期和运行期应结合岩溶揭露情况和涌水情况开展针对性的补充勘察,做好降雨、涌水过程和涌水压力监测,判断和预测最大外水压力和涌水量。针对涌水问题,提出封堵和排泄两种处理思路:施工开挖揭露的岩溶现象不可盲目封堵,需尽可能维持原通道的通畅,针对可能涌水的隧道衬砌设计不可仅考虑围岩结构,应充分考虑外水压力,做好围岩固结灌浆;常规隧道“环形排水系统+中心沟”排水系统可靠性差,针对大流量涌水,多采用泄水洞排水。 相似文献
2.
Optimization of analytical equations of groundwater seepage into tunnels: A case study of Amirkabir tunnel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, with investigation of validity limits of analytical equations in computing groundwater seepage discharge into tunnels in different values of r/h (tunnel radius/water table height above tunnel), using optimization by regression analysis, we have tried to converge the results of analytical equations for any value of r/h. There are various experimental, analytical and numerical methods by which it is possible to calculate the amount of groundwater seepage into tunnels. Due to their simplicity and practical base theory, analytical methods have been applied more frequently. Studies imply that amount of real seepage into tunnel is significantly less than what is anticipated from analytical equations; on the other hand, the results of seepage calculations using these equations are depended on tunnel geometry and medium conditions. Previous investigations confirmed that in a tunnel for which, r/h is more than 0.4; these results are highly different both from one another and from the real seepage inflow. In this paper, optimization has been successfully performed on analytical equations so that the results of these methods are converged to each other for any value of r/h. 相似文献
3.
富水隧道的涌水问题是目前隧道施工中要解决的首要问题,尤其是涌水量特别大、水流速度大的隧道。目前针对该问题多采用注浆加固圈的方法,以排为主,后注浆加固。这种方法对于涌水量不大、渗透率低的围岩可行,而对于水压力大、地下水丰富的隧道,其效果差、成本高。针对该问题,文章提出一种幕墙堵水技术。首先分析渗透力与浆液的黏滞系数之间的关系,通过计算得出多孔介质中注浆浆液在渗透力作用下的地下水临界流速,确定幕墙距离隧道的最佳间距为2m,并提出了24种不同尺寸的注浆方案。采用数值模拟方法,分别计算了24种注浆方案的堵水或限排效果。最后在所建的24个模型中得出注浆深度为30.6m,注浆长度为20m的方案为最佳堵水方案,并应用到工程中。结果显示该方案堵水效果明显,洞内积水降低80%,能保证隧道下一步施工。研究表明:通过临界流速分析方法能够经济、快速地确定堵水或限排方案,满足现场施工及注浆堵水限排的要求,研究成果可为类似工程设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
Analytical approach for time‐dependent groundwater inflow into shield tunnel face in confined aquifer 
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下载免费PDF全文 Prediction of time‐dependent groundwater inflow into a shield tunnel is a significant task facing engineers. Published literature shows that there is no available method with which to predict time‐dependent groundwater inflow into a tunnel. This paper presents a prediction approach for time‐dependent groundwater inflow into a tunnel in both anisotropic and isotropic confined aquifers. The proposed solution can predict groundwater inrush from the tunnel cutting face. To obtain the time‐dependent groundwater flow quantity, the concept of a horizontal‐well pumping test based on the theory of a point source is adopted. Multiple factors, eg, drawdown, thickness of aquifer, conductivities, and specific storage, are taken into account. Both groundwater inflow to the cross section of a tunnel face in the y‐z plane and total tunnel inflow are obtained. Based on the proposed approach, the time‐dependent groundwater inflow to a tunnel can be classified as either a uniform or non‐uniform flow. The proposed approach is applied to analyse groundwater inflow of 2 field cases: (1) Metro line No. 7, Guangzhou City and (2) an underground tunnel in Huizhou, Guangdong Province. Results show that the proposed method can predict the measured values, and drawdown‐related curves are also derived. In addition, the calculated results also reveal that the effect of hydraulic conductivity kz on the total groundwater inflow differs from that of hydraulic conductivities kx and ky and the thickness of the aquifer. 相似文献
5.
An accurate estimate of the groundwater inflow to a tunnel is one of the most challenging but essential tasks in tunnel design and construction. Most of the numerical or analytical solutions that have been developed ignore tunnel seepage conditions, material properties and hydraulic-head changes along the tunnel route during the excavation process, leading to inaccurate prediction of inflow rates. A method is introduced that uses MODFLOW code of GMS software to predict inflow rate as the tunnel boring machine (TBM) gradually advances. In this method, the tunnel boundary condition is conceptualized and defined using Drain package, which is simulated by dividing the drilling process into a series of successive intervals based on the tunnel excavation rates. In addition, the drain elevations are specified as the respective tunnel elevations, and the conductance parameters are assigned to intervals, depending on the TBM type and the tunnel seepage condition. The Qomroud water conveyance tunnel, located in Lorestan province of Iran, is 36 km in length. Since the Qomroud tunnel involved groundwater inrush during excavating, it is considered as a good case study to evaluate the presented method. The groundwater inflow to this tunnel during the TBM advance is simulated using the proposed method and the predicted rates are compared with observed rates. The results show that the presented method can satisfactorily predict the inflow rates as the TBM advances. 相似文献
6.
涌水灾害问题广泛存在于隧洞工程的建设之中,它直接关系到施工进度、洞室稳定性及人身安全。目前国内外学者研究出大量的隧洞涌水量预测计算方法,但不同计算方法具有不同的适用条件和优缺点,选取合理的计算方法对于计算结果的准确性至关重要。本文将当前广泛应用的隧洞涌水量预测计算方法分类总结为4种:经验公式法、解析公式法、数值计算法和物理模拟法。经验公式法多来源于大量工程案例的总结,着重于相似地质条件下隧洞涌水量计算;解析公式法则基于严密的理论推导过程,计算过程快速简洁;数值计算法适用于复杂水文地质条件下涌水问题的计算;物理模拟法借助于试验的手段,直观地显现出隧洞的涌水规律。本文对现有计算方法的理论原理、适用条件和优缺点进行了详细的总结,并展望了隧洞涌水问题的未来研究方向。 相似文献
7.
Groundwater flow and the associated surface water flow are potential negative factors on underground tunnels. Early detection of environmental impacts on water resources is of significant importance to planning, design and construction of tunnel projects, as early detection can minimize accidents and project delays during construction. The groundwater modeling software package Groundwater Modeling System (GMS), which supports the groundwater numerical codes MODFLOW and FEMWATER, was utilized to determine the impact of tunneling excavation on the hydrogeological environment in a regional area around the tunnel and a local hot springs area, at the “Tseng-Wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project”, in Taiwan. A hydrogeological conceptual model was first developed to simplify structures related to the site topography, geology and geological structure. The MODFLOW code was then applied to simulate groundwater flow pattern for the hydrogeological conceptual model in the tunnel area. The automated parameter estimation method was applied to calibrate groundwater level fluctuation and hydrogeological parameters in the region. Calibration of the model demonstrated that errors between simulated and monitored results are smaller than allowable errors. The study also observed that tunneling excavation caused groundwater to flow toward the tunnel. No obvious changes in the groundwater flow field due to tunnel construction were observed far away in the surrounding regions. Furthermore, the FEMWATER code for solving 3-D groundwater flow problems, in which hydrogeological characteristics are integrated into a geographic information system (GIS), is applied to evaluate the impact of tunnel construction on an adjacent hot spring. Simulation results indicated that the groundwater drawdown rate is less than the groundwater recharge rate, and the change to the groundwater table after tunnel construction was insignificant for the hot spring area. Finally, the groundwater flow obtained via the GMS indicated that the hydrogeological conceptual model can estimate the possible quantity of tunnel inflow and the impact of tunnel construction on the regional and local groundwater resources regime of the transbasin diversion project. 相似文献
8.
To double the capacity of the Orte?CFalconara railway line (central Italy), the Santa Croce tunnel was constructed (1985?C1995), which runs between the Nera Montoro and Narni stations. In the same period, to double the capacity of the Ancona?CBari railway line, the Moro, Cintioni, S. Giovanni and Diavolo tunnels were constructed between the Ortona and Casalbordino stations. The high likelihood of intercepting a significant volume of groundwater in calcareous rocks of the Santa Croce tunnel led to a shift in the layout of the tunnel, which allowed construction of the tunnel by more rapid and less expensive means. Groundwater along the Moro tunnel layout, in a sandy aquifer, has been drained by the excavation of a preliminary tunnel, which allowed a discharge of up to 0.080?m3/s. In the S. Giovanni and Diavolo tunnels, a particular hydrogeological setting was found to exist in the form of lens-shaped bodies of fine grey sand-and-silt aquitards intercalated between the bottom muddy-sandy deposits (very low permeability) and the sandy aquifer; this caused sudden groundwater inflow and tunnel collapse. The S. Giovanni tunnnel, excavation was completed using the HydroShield system, whereas in the Diavolo tunnel, a well-point system was adopted, which avoided any environmental hazards. 相似文献
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10.
One of the primary geotechnical problems encountered during tunnel construction involves the inflow of groundwater into the tunnel. Heavy inflows make tunnel construction difficult and result in higher costs and delays in construction period. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the volume and rate of water inflow that is likely to appear in the tunnel. In this research, water inflow to the tunnel was calculated using numerical hydromechanical analysis. Effect of rock mass properties including fracture characteristics (normal and shear stiffness, hydraulic aperture, dilation angle, and fracture nonlinear behavior) on inflow was studied using a two-dimensional distinct element method. Results show that fracture properties play important role in inflow to the tunnel and must be considered in prediction of inflow to the tunnel. Based on numerical analysis results, inflow of groundwater into the tunnel increases with the increasing of normal and shear stiffness, dilation angle, and hydraulic aperture of rock mass fractures. The measured inflow with considering nonlinear fracture behavior was more than the calculated inflow with linear constitutive behavior. 相似文献
11.
根据水位条件、施工工艺和防排水设计原则将隧道渗流计算围岩透水边界条件大致划分为4种类型,并分析了不同透水边界条件适应的施工工况。基于复变函数理论和保角映射方法,推导得出4种透水边界条件下隧道围岩内任一点孔隙水压力和隧道涌水量解析计算公式,通过与数值解的对比,印证了解析解的准确性。在此基础上,根据不同透水边界条件下隧道涌水量和围岩关键点孔隙水压力随埋深直径比（ ）的变化规律,分析了透水边界条件的变化对浅埋隧道和深埋隧道的影响,并探讨了浅埋水下隧道渗流计算中透水边界条件的选取。相关结论与认识对于隧道渗流计算和排水设计具有一定的指导作用和参考价值。 相似文献
12.
One of the most challenging aspects of tunnelling is prognostication of water inflows. More reliable prediction of groundwater inflow may give considerable economical saving for future tunnel projects and may also prevent damage of environment and installations on the surface. This paper is discussing the significance of eight hypotheses regarding geological parameters for predicting water inflow in tunnels. The respective hypotheses have been tested as part of a recent research project in Norway. Six Norwegian tunnels with different geological conditions were selected for the research; the Romeriksporten, Frøya, T-baneringen, Lunner, Skaugum, and Storsand tunnels. Based on detailed study of these tunnels, the hypotheses are tested by comparing water inflow with geological parameters and factors such as Q value, faulting, rock stress orientation, rock cover, thickness of permeable soil or depth of lake/sea above the tunnel, rock type, and width of weakness zones. It is found that four out of the eight tested hypotheses are supported, two have low to medium support and two are not supported. One unexpected result is that for the tunnels covered by this study, the water inflow was found to increase with rock cover. 相似文献
13.
浅埋隧道塌方地质灾害成因及风险控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塌方是浅埋隧道施工过程中的主要地质灾害之一,利用风险动态评估模型及风险规避方法进行实时控制是确保隧道施工安全的有效途径。首先,采用洞内外相结合的地质调查方法,分析隧址区地质特征及塌方灾害风险诱因,并建立浅埋隧道塌方风险模糊层次评价模型,进行基于孕险环境的静态风险评估;其次,根据隧道施工过程中揭露的动态信息,对孕险环境进行动态修正,并汲取大气降水、开挖支护措施及监控量测等施工信息,进行隧道施工过程中的动态风险评估;最后,基于动态评估结果提出了风险规避方法,通过对施工方案的审核和优化,达到逐渐降低隧道施工风险、规避地质灾害的目的。该方法成功应用于宜巴高速公路段家屋隧道施工过程中,有效地规避了塌方地质灾害的发生,可为同类工程所借鉴。 相似文献
14.
G. Preisig A. Dematteis R. Torri N. Monin E. Milnes P. Perrochet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(3):869-884
Interception of aquifers by tunnel excavation results in water inflow and leads to drawdown of the water table which may induce ground settlement. In this work, analytical and numerical models are presented which specifically address these groundwater related processes in tunnel excavation. These developed models are compared and their performance as predictive tools is evaluated. Firstly, the water inflow in deep tunnels is treated. It is shown that introducing a reduction factor accounting for the effect of effective stress on hydrodynamic parameters avoids overestimation. This effect can be considered in numerical models using effective stress-dependent parameters. Then, quantification of ground settlement is addressed by a transient analytical solution. These solutions are then successfully applied to the data obtained during the excavation of the La Praz exploratory tunnel in the Western Alps (France), validating their usefulness as predictive tools. 相似文献
15.
Analytical and empirical methods used in current engineering practice for estimating inflow rate into a tunnel do not adequately account for the effect of groundwater level drawdown which triggers changes of the flow pattern as well as reductions of the hydraulic head. When there is no reservoir or a large body of water near the tunnel alignment, the groundwater recharge above the tunnel might not be fast enough to avoid a significant excavation-induced water level drawdown. This paper provides analytical methods for estimating groundwater inflow rate taking into account the groundwater table drawdown. The proposed analytical solutions presented here compare well with field observations as well as with results from numerical analysis using distinct element method which can adequately simulate the hydro-mechanically coupled behavior of joints in a rock mass. 相似文献
16.
隧道地下水动态监测是隧址区地下水环境保护的基础工作,通过对涌水量、涌沙量、隧道内水压力的综合分析,获取隧址区地下水动态监测信息,为隧道的安全运营提供依据。 相似文献
17.
运用水文地球化学方法对国道213线五指山隧道进行研究。涌水起源和地下水循环特征等方面的研究。结果表明:国道213线五指山隧道涌水属于深循环地下水,进口段隧道涌水主要来自于砂页岩含水层,而隧道出口段涌水化学组成则受控于石膏矿物的溶解;硫、氧同位素组成分析证实五指山隧道主要涌水带均与浅表地下水的直接下渗有关。此研究成果为隧道涌突水的预防和治理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
18.
Excavation of the Aica-Mules pilot tunnel for the Brenner base tunnel: information gained on water inflows in tunnels in granitic massifs 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Paolo Perello Alessandro Baietto Ulrich Burger Stefan Skuk 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(3):1049-1071
The construction of the Aica-Mules tunnel, completed in 2010, provides a relevant case history for improving the knowledge of hydrogeological issues related to the excavation of deep tunnels in granitic massifs. The Aica-Mules tunnel is a 10 km-long structure, forming part of the high-speed railway connection between Austria and Italy across the Alpine chain, located at an average depth of 500–1,000 m below the surface. Prior to and during the construction, intense hydrogeological monitoring was set up, allowing the collection of abundant data concerning: (1) the evolution of water inflows into the tunnel; (2) the chemistry and temperature of drained groundwater; and (3) the influence of tunnel drainage on springs. Based on detailed analysis of geological/hydrogeological data, this article provides an insight into the permeability distribution in granitic rocks affected by relevant brittle tectonic deformation, and the consequences of water inflow during excavation. The available time series from the principal water discharges in the tunnel have been used in order to test the reliability of some of the most commonly applied analytical methods for the forecast of water inflows into tunnels. 相似文献
19.
This paper presents a fuzzy set-based robust geotechnical design (RGD) methodology for the design of shield-driven tunnels. Here, uncertain geotechnical parameters required for analysis of tunnel performance (referred to herein as the structure safety and serviceability performance of tunnel cross section) are represented as fuzzy sets. Given fuzzy input parameters, the performance of a shield-driven tunnel will be uncertain, which is expressed in this study as a fuzzy factor of safety, according to the analysis of vertex method. Then, the fuzzy factor of safety for a given design is used to evaluate the failure probability and design robustness, which are, in turn, employed in the proposed RGD framework. Note that a design is considered robust if the performance of the shield-driven tunnel is insensitive to the variation of its uncertain geotechnical parameters. Within the RGD framework, each candidate design in the design space is analyzed for its safety state (in terms of failure probability), design robustness, and cost. The goal of the RGD of a shield-driven tunnel is to bring the safety state to an acceptable level, while maximizing the robustness and cost efficiency simultaneously. To this end, a multi-objective optimization is performed and a Pareto front is obtained, which provides a trade-off that may be used to select the most preferred design. Through an illustrative case, the effectiveness and significance of this new robust design methodology is demonstrated. 相似文献