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1.
Three‐dimensional beam–truss model for reinforced concrete walls and slabs – part 2: modeling approach and validation for slabs and coupled walls 
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下载免费PDF全文 A three‐dimensional beam–truss model (BTM) for reinforced concrete (RC) walls that explicitly models flexure–shear interaction and accurately captures diagonal shear failures was presented in the first part of this two‐paper series. This paper extends the BTM to simulate RC slabs and coupled RC walls through slabs and beams. The inclination angle of the diagonal elements for coupled RC walls is determined, accounting for the geometry of the walls and the level of coupling. Two case studies validate the model: (1) a two‐bay slab–column specimen experimentally tested using cyclic static loading and (2) a five‐story coupled T‐wall–beam–slab specimen subjected to biaxial shake table excitation. The numerically computed lateral force–lateral displacement and strain contours are compared with the experimentally measured response and observed damage. The five‐story specimen is characterized by diagonal shear failure at the bottom story of the walls, which is captured by the BTM. The BTM of the five‐story specimen is used to study the effects of coupling on shear demand for lightly reinforced RC coupled walls. The effect of mesh refinement and bar fracture of non‐ductile transverse reinforcement is studied. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
RC structural slender walls under large seismic excitation are expected to reach base moment capacity mainly affected by the first vibration mode. However, the base shear could be affected by higher modes once yielding in flexure has occurred, which might result in base shear underestimation in linear design. In this work, an experimental program is carried out on five RC rectangular walls 1:10 scaled. All five specimens considered irregularities at base, common in construction and one specimen did not consider shear reinforcement or boundary detailing. Tests are carried on a unidirectional shaking table and excitation is based on two Chile earthquake records with different intensities. Damage is concentrated at the wall base for all specimens; primary due to flexure with some participation of shear. For one of the records an average amplification of 1.3 is obtained, and a decrease in height of the resultant equivalent lateral force closes to 0.4 hw. By increasing the intensity of the input record, amplification grows to an average of 1.7, while it decreases drastically when subjected to input records with low frequency content. No significant difference is observed in shear amplification in specimens with a base central opening, nor with setback, even though the cracking and failure mode was different for such specimens. Ductility demand shows no correlation when two different earthquakes are considered, whereas the frequency content and Arias intensity (Ia) of the input record directly affected the shear amplification. 相似文献
3.
为研究底部放置聚苯乙烯硬泡沫板的抗震性能,对3个剪跨比2.0的两端设置后浇段、底部放置聚苯乙烯硬泡沫板的预制剪力墙试件以及1个相同剪跨比的现浇剪力墙试件进行了拟静力试验。试验结果表明:预制剪力墙底部放置硬聚苯乙烯泡沫板的试件,破坏形态为后浇段与预制剪力墙脱开、后浇段受压破坏;底部放置聚苯板的预制剪力墙试件承载力小于现浇剪力墙试件,耗能能力接近或大于现浇剪力墙试件;各试件的极限位移角为1/98~1/81;预制剪力墙试件的屈服刚度及峰值刚度均比现浇剪力墙试件降低27%~75%,水平分布钢筋未伸入后浇段的试件比伸入后浇段的试件刚度降低更多,后浇段短的试件比后浇段长的试件刚度降低更多。预制试件轴压力主要由后浇段承担,名义屈服及峰值水平力时,钢筋应变分布不符合平截面假定。 相似文献
4.
The steel reinforced concrete (SRC) wall consists of structural steel embedded at the boundary elements of a reinforced concrete (RC) wall. The use of SRC walls has gained popularity in the construction of high‐rise buildings because of their superior performance over conventional RC walls. This paper presents a series of quasi‐static tests used to examine the behavior of SRC walls subjected to high axial force and lateral cyclic loading. The SRC wall specimens showed increased flexural strength and deformation capacity relative to their RC wall counterpart. The flexural strength of SRC walls was found to increase with increasing area ratio of embedded structural steel, while the section type of embedded steel did not affect the wall's strength. The SRC walls under high axial force ratio had an ultimate lateral drift ratio of approximately 1.4%. In addition, a multi‐layer shell element model was developed for the SRC walls and was implemented in the OpenSees program. The numerical model was validated through comparison with the test data. The model was able to predict the lateral stiffness, strength and deformation capacities of SRC walls with a reasonable level of accuracy. Finally, a number of issues for the design of SRC walls are discussed, along with a collection and analysis of the test data, including (1) evaluation of flexural strength, (2) calculation of effective flexural stiffness, and (3) inelastic deformation capacity of SRC walls. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
型钢混凝土剪力墙是一种广泛应用于高层混合结构中的剪力墙形式。本文采用通用有限元程序ADINA,以边缘构件含钢率为主要参数,对不同剪跨比的几组剪力墙承载力和变形能力进行了分析,并与考虑了剪力墙混凝土等级、轴压比、配筋率和边缘约束指标等参数影响的剪力墙性能进行了比较研究。结果表明,在高层结构中采用较高强度的混凝土是有利的,但剪力墙的轴压比需要严格限制,且墙体配筋率并不是提高其抗震性能的有效手段。在高层混合结构剪力墙中,通过边缘构件设置型钢可有效增加墙体延性,且边缘约束构件的约束指标可取0.32左右。 相似文献
6.
This paper presents the shake‐table tests of a 2/3‐scale, three‐story, two‐bay, reinforced concrete frame infilled with unreinforced masonry walls. The specimen is representative of the construction practice in California in the 1920s. The reinforced concrete frame had nonductile reinforcement details and it was infilled with solid masonry walls in one bay and infill walls with window openings in the other bay. The structure was subjected to a sequence of dynamic tests including white‐noise base excitations and 14 scaled historical earthquake ground motion records of increasing intensity. The performance of the structure was satisfactory considering the seismic loads it was subjected to. The paper summarizes the design of the specimen and the major findings from the shake‐table tests, including the dynamic response, the load resistance, the evolution of damage, and the final failure mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
以一字形竖缝耗能预制剪力墙作为研究对象,设计了3个装配式剪力墙试件及1个现浇剪力墙对比试件,进行低周往复荷载试验,并对破坏墙体进行CFRP加固,再次进行拟静力试验。试件变化参数包括轴压比、混凝土强度等级及配筋率,对比分析加固前后试件滞回性能、刚度退化、承载力和耗能能力等性能。试验结果表明,与现浇剪力墙相比,一字形竖缝耗能预制剪力墙工作性能良好,阻尼器屈服耗能提高了试件整体工作性能;CFRP加固可有效抑制墙体斜裂缝的发展,对墙体承载力及耗能能力均有显著改善作用;各试件均满足剪力墙弹塑性层间位移角限值要求,延性较好;试件整体表现出良好的抗震性能。 相似文献
8.
This paper investigated the use of external steel jacketing for seismic retrofit of non‐ductile reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns to prevent lap‐splice failure. Three 1/2.5‐scale specimens were tested under cyclic loads. The effectiveness of two types of steel jackets for improving the ductility and strength of specimens using inadequate transverse reinforcing and lap‐splice details were examined. An octagonal steel jacketing scheme for the seismic retrofitting of rectangular RC bridge columns was proposed. In addition, the methods for seismic retrofitting rectangular columns using elliptical steel jacketing were also critically tested. The test results indicated that the octagonal steel jackets can effectively provide confinement thereby mitigating failures as a result of inadequate transverse reinforcing and inadequate lap‐splices. Tests also confirmed that the ductility performance and the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens can be significantly improved by the octagonal steel jacket. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Farhad Dashti Rajesh P. Dhakal Stefano Pampanin 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(1):427-458
This paper describes the blind prediction carried out to simulate the response of a thin reinforced concrete wall tested under uni-directional (in-plane) quasi-static reverse cyclic loading. The specimen was a singly reinforced T-shaped wall panel with a shear-span ratio of 3.7. The response of the test specimen was simulated prior to the release of test results using a finite element model which had already been verified for its capabilities in capturing different failure patterns of rectangular walls, particularly out-of-plane instability. The numerical model predicted a flexural dominated response for the specimen accompanied by considerable out-of-plane deformations. The blind prediction report, submitted in advance to the principal investigator of the experimental campaign, included lateral load-top displacement response of the specimen, maximum out-of-plane deformation corresponding to each drift level, evolution of out-of-plane displacements throughout in-plane loading, response of the longitudinal reinforcement at the section exhibiting the maximum out-of-plane deformation, and von Mises as well as reinforcement stress distribution at some key points of the wall response. Furthermore, a parametric study was carried out addressing the effects of shear-span ratio, reinforcement eccentricity and axial load ratio on the wall response. Results of the numerical simulation that had been included in the blind prediction report have been compared with the experimental measurements indicating that the evolution of the out-of-plane deformation was well captured by the model. 相似文献
10.
为研究加固后锈蚀箍筋约束混凝土柱的抗震性能,设计16个钢筋混凝土矩形柱,对加速锈蚀后的试件采用外包钢及CFRP、GFRP材料进行加固处理,随后开展低周往复荷载试验,以研究不同加固材料、不同加固包裹方式、不同黏结材料等因素对锈蚀箍筋约束混凝土柱滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度衰减、延性性能及耗能能力等抗震性能指标的影响。研究结果表明:(1)与未锈蚀柱相比,加固后的箍筋锈蚀柱以弯剪破坏为主,CFRP加固试件较GFRP加固试件具有更高的承载力,但破坏时延性不如GFRP加固试件;(2)外包钢加固试件、CFRP加固试件、GFRP加固试件的耗能能力较未锈蚀试件分别增大222.3%、123.9%、98.5%,延性系数也相应增大45.3%、22.3%、25.6%。总之,外包钢加固对箍筋锈蚀柱抗震性能的提升最大,CFRP加固次之,但优于GFRP加固;整包加固优于环包加固;环氧树脂胶黏结略优于水泥基灌浆料黏结。 相似文献
11.
本文设计了1片普通混凝土剪力墙试件和5片混杂纤维混凝土剪力墙试件,进行低周往复加载试验,研究混杂纤维混凝土分布位置和高度对剪力墙抗震性能的影响。根据拟静力试验数据,分析了墙体试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线及关键点、位移延性、刚度退化性能、耗能能力以及关键位置钢筋应力应变分布情况。结果表明:（1）剪力墙试件中采用混杂纤维混凝土的区域以均匀的水平裂缝为主,有效控制了剪力墙的斜裂缝的产生,最终表现出弯曲破坏模式。（2）相比混杂纤维混凝土分布在约束边缘区域,混杂纤维混凝土分布在底部的试件滞回曲线更加饱满,耗能能力更好。（3）混杂纤维混凝土分布高度越高,滞回曲线越饱满。当分布高度大于0.3h （h为全长）时,混杂纤维混凝土分布高度的提升对承载能力和变形能力的影响较小。（4）混杂纤维混凝土的掺入提高了剪力墙的抗剪性能,在一定程度上可替代水平分布筋。 相似文献
12.
This paper reports on a semi‐analytical/numerical method to model sloshing water in an arbitrarily shaped aqueduct. The water motion is assumed to be inviscid, compressible, and linear (small displacement). The transverse sloshing fluid in an aqueduct is equivalently simplified as a fixed rigid mass M0 and a mass–spring system (M1, K1). According to a rule that the actual fluid (computed with finite element model) and its equivalent mechanical model have the same first sloshing frequency and acting effects on the aqueduct, the analytical solutions of the fixed (impulsive) mass M0, sloshing (convective) massM1, spring stiffness K1, and their locations in the aqueduct body are acquired by the least squares (curve fitting) algorithm. Applying this equivalent principle, the equivalent mechanical models are respectively obtained for the sloshing water in rectangular, semicircular, U‐shaped, and trapezoid aqueducts. The equivalent principle and fluid models are validated through comparison investigations involving rectangular and U‐shaped aqueducts. The dynamic properties and seismic responses of the original and equivalent systems are simulated, compared, and discussed for a U‐shaped aqueduct bridge. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a simplified model of sloshing fluid for the seismic/wind‐resistant computation of the support structures of the aqueduct bridge. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
A numerical process that simulates crack propagation in reinforced concrete through post‐crack stress redistribution is presented. This process is developed within the context of the smeared crack approach. Continuity and orientation of the reinforcing bar components are automatically recognized in the pre‐processing stage. The process explicitly outputs crack widths by computing the bond slips along reinforcement, without imposing any additional nodes between the reinforcement and concrete. The process is incorporated with a finite element algorithm, and the validation is investigated through sample 3D static analyses of nine concrete specimens subjected to monotonic shear and flexure loads. These specimens contain relatively well‐distributed steel bars and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets of reinforcement ratio from 0.11 to 0.57%. The analyses predict the crack patterns and crack widths well, although some disagreements are found between the test and the analysis results. The proposed process outputs discrete, continuous in crack directions, and element boundary‐free crack patterns. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
边缘约束构件对钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震性能的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
钢筋混凝土剪力墙是高层建筑中的主要抗侧力构件，边缘约束情况是影响剪力墙抗震性能的一个重要因素。为研究边缘约束构件对钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震性能的影响，本文进行了三片边缘约束情况不同的钢筋混凝土剪力墙的低周反复试验，并对试验结果进行了分析，分析内容包括：破坏形态、水平承载力、位移延性系数、刚度退化、抗震耗能能力等方面。研究结果表明，合理地设置边缘约束能够扩大塑性破坏区域，提高试件的水平承载力，改善其抗震耗能性能。研究进一步发现，边缘纵筋配筋率在提高试件的水平承载力，改善其抗震耗能性能和刚度退化程度方面影响显著，而边缘配箍率对抗震性能的贡献在本次试验分析中表现得并不明显。 相似文献
15.
高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)具有高强度、高延性和水硬过程中粘结性能良好,在砌体加固工程中具有广泛的应用前景。通过对2片未加固、2片单面和2片双面ECC面层加固后空斗墙进行水平拟静力试验,对比加固不同砌法下单面和双面空斗墙破坏模式、滞回曲线、刚度退化、承载能力和延性性能,进而研究ECC面层加固对墙体抗震性能的影响。利用ABAQUS有限元软件,采用预留孔洞的整体建模方式进行有限元分析,对比了试验值与计算值。结果表明:ECC面层与砖墙之间粘结较可靠,ECC面层优越的材料抗力可以抵抗墙体承担的水平剪力;单、双面ECC面层加固后空斗墙体极限变形能力及极限承载力均得到大幅提升,试件延性和抗震性能同步改善;有限元计算的水平承载力值与试验值相差不大。 相似文献
16.
In‐plane and out‐of‐plane behavior of confined masonry walls for various toothing and openings details and prediction of their strength and stiffness 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Eight half‐scale brick masonry walls were tested to study two important aspects of confined masonry (CM) walls related to its seismic behavior under in‐plane and out‐of‐plane loads. Four solid wall specimens tested to investigate the role of type of interface between the masonry and tie‐columns, such as toothing varying from none to every course. The other four specimens with openings were tested to study the effectiveness of various strengthening options around opening to mitigate their negative influence. In the set of four walls, one wall was infilled frame while the other three were CM walls of different configurations. The experimental results were further used to determine the accuracy of various existing models in predicting the in‐plane response quantities of CM walls. Confined masonry walls maintained structural integrity even when severely damaged and performed much better than infill frames. No significant effect of toothing details was noticed although toothing at every brick course was preferred for better post‐peak response. For perforated walls, provision of vertical elements along with continuous horizontal bands around openings was more effective in improving the overall response. Several empirical and semi‐empirical equations are available to estimate the lateral strength and stiffness of CM walls, but those including the contribution of longitudinal reinforcement in tie‐columns provided better predictions. The available equations along with reduction factors proposed for infills could not provide good estimates of strength and stiffness for perforated CM walls. However, recently proposed relations correlating strength/stiffness with the degree of confinement provided reasonable predictions for all wall specimens. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Experimental evidence supporting the fact that results from quasi‐static (QS) test of low‐rise reinforced concrete walls may be safely assumed as a lower limit of strength and displacement, and energy dissipation capacities are still scarce. The aim of this paper is to compare the seismic performance of 12 reinforced concrete walls for low‐rise housing: six prototype walls tested under QS‐cyclic loading and six models tested under shaking table excitations. Variables studied were wall geometry, type of concrete, web steel ratio, type of web reinforcement and testing method. Comparison of results from dynamic and QS‐cyclic tests indicated that stiffness and strength properties were dependent on the loading rate, the strength mechanisms associated with the failure mode, the low‐cycle fatigue, and the cumulative parameters, such as displacement demand and energy dissipated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Discussion of paper ‘Seismic behavior and modeling of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) walls’ by Xiaodong Ji,Ya Sun,Jiaru Qian and Xinzheng Lu,Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2015; 44(6):955–972 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Bahadir Yuksel 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(14):2607-2609
The paper under discussion presents a series of quasi‐static tests used to examine the behavior of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) walls subjected to high axial force and lateral cyclic loading. A total of six wall specimens were designed, including five SRC walls and one reinforced concrete (RC) wall. In the ‘Summary’ section of the discussed paper, the authors state that: ‘The use of SRC walls has gained popularity in the construction of high‐rise buildings because of their superior performance over conventional RC walls’. The authors also proposed that, the SRC wall specimens showed increased flexural strength and deformation capacity relative to their RC wall counterpart. The discussion is prompted to rectify some statements and conclusions of the paper under discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Rehabilitation of earthquake damaged external RC beam‐column joints by joint enlargement using prestressed steel angles 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Jalil Shafaei Abdollah Hosseini Mohammad Sadegh Marefat Jason M. Ingham 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(2):291-316
The effectiveness of a rehabilitation method based on joint enlargement using prestressed steel angles to enhance the seismic behavior of damaged external reinforced concrete beam‐column joints was experimentally investigated. Three half‐scale joints having either non‐seismic or seismic reinforcement details were tested both before and after rehabilitation by applying lateral cyclic loading of increasing amplitudes. Two defects were considered for the two non‐seismic units, being the absence of transverse steel hoops and insufficient bond capacity of beam bottom steel reinforcing bars in the joint panel zone. The damaged specimens were rehabilitated by injecting epoxy grout into existing cracks and installing stiffened steel angles at the re‐entrant corners of the beam‐column joint, both above and below the beam, that were mounted and held in place using prestressed high‐tensile strength bars. The test results indicated that the seismic performance of the rehabilitated specimens in terms of strength, stiffness, and ductility was fully recovered and comparable with the performance of the seismically detailed specimen. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Ryan D. Hoult Helen M. Goldsworthy Elisa Lumantarna 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(10):4825-4860
Poor performance of lightly reinforced and unconfined concrete structural walls have been observed in recent earthquake events. This research investigates the displacement capacity of such walls by comparing the results of a series of state-of-the-art finite element analyses for a range of different structural walls to that estimated using plastic hinge analyses. The common expressions used in estimating the yield curvature, yield displacement and plastic displacement are scrutinised for these types of walls. Some recommendations are given to improve the prediction of the displacement capacity of lightly reinforced and unconfined rectangular and C-shaped walls for flexural actions using a plastic hinge analysis. Importantly, a parameter has been recommended to be used in a “modified” approach for estimating the nominal yield displacement of lightly reinforced concrete walls. Different expressions are also recommended depending on the amount of longitudinal reinforcement used in the wall in comparison to that required to initiate secondary cracking. This is important for providing better estimations of the displacement capacity of RC structural wall buildings in low-to-moderate seismic regions such that vulnerability studies can be conducted. 相似文献