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1.
中国东北地区在古生代期间以众多微陆块的拼合以及古亚洲洋的闭合为特征,其后又经历了中-新生代太平洋构造域及中生代蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造域的叠加与改造,以致东北地区的构造行迹显得极为复杂,而大兴安岭重力梯级带及其西部地区构造演化是否与西太平洋俯冲有关仍然存在争议.本研究利用分布于中国东北、华北地区以及韩国、日本等部分台网所接收的近震与远震走时数据获得了中国东北地区壳幔精细的三维P波速度结构.成像结果显示,太平洋板块持续西向俯冲,俯冲板片的前缘停滞在大兴安岭—太行山重力梯度带以东区域的地幔转换带之中;长白山火山区上地幔存在着显著的低速异常体,推测西太平洋板块的深俯冲脱水导致了上地幔底部岩石的熔点降低,从而形成了大范围的部分熔融物质上涌.通过分析上地幔的速度结构,我们认为由于太平洋板块的大规模西向深俯冲,在大地幔楔中发生板片脱水、低速热物质上涌等复杂的地球动力学过程;俯冲板片前缘带动上地幔中不均匀分布的地幔流强烈作用于上部的岩石圈,这对东北地区深部壳幔结构乃至大兴安岭重力梯级带的形成、演化有着重要的影响. 相似文献
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西太平洋板块俯冲与华北克拉通破坏 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华北克拉通破坏与西太平洋板块俯冲相关是学界的重要共识,但西太平洋板块何时开始向东亚大陆俯冲、早白垩世西太平洋俯冲带在何处、东亚大地幔楔何时形成、晚中生代西太平洋俯冲板块如何演化等重要科学问题一直没有很好地解决.文章通过综合分析与研究,认为西太平洋板块起始俯冲的时间早达早侏罗世;早白垩世西太平洋俯冲带位于东亚大陆边缘,比现今西太平洋板块俯冲带靠西2200km;与此相对应,欧亚大陆自早白垩世以来向东漂移了大约900km.西太平洋俯冲板块后撤始于～145Ma,说明东亚大地幔楔开始形成于早白垩世;西太平洋板块俯冲作用对华北克拉通的影响可能是通过地幔楔增大过程中物质和能量的迁移和交换来实现的.利用地质构造事件反演了大洋板块在俯冲到地球内部之前的演化过程,提出燕山运动A幕和B幕发生的原因分别是西太平洋板块向东亚大陆边缘以高速低角度俯冲和俯冲角度逐渐变低两种不同的地球深部动力学过程新观点.在早白垩世大约130～120Ma期间,西太平洋板块可能已经转变为高角度俯冲、回转与后撤速率达到最大、最终在地幔过渡带产生滞留体.这个过程可能显著改变了所在区域和上覆地幔的物性和黏滞度,导致上覆地幔楔产生非稳态流动,从而导致岩石圈地幔中熔/流体含量急剧增加、黏滞度降低以及岩石圈伸展/减压,并使其转变为年轻地幔——克拉通破坏.这些认识对揭示西太平洋俯冲板块与华北克拉通岩石圈地幔之间相互作用过程具有重要意义. 相似文献
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晚中生代以来,华南地区同时受到印度—欧亚板块碰撞和太平洋—菲律宾板块俯冲及后撤作用的影响,壳幔结构复杂.深入了解华南地区深部地幔流模式和地幔各向异性特征是认识华南复杂的深部构造演化过程与动力学机制的基础.本文采用三维全球地幔对流模型,从软流圈剪切变形的角度计算了软流圈的各向异性,尝试探讨了华南地区各向异性的起源和深部地幔流特征.华南地块东部,软流圈各向异性呈NW-SE向,各向异性主要来源于软流圈,壳幔具有垂直连贯的变形特征;南北构造带的中段,软流圈各向异性大致为N-S向,这一区域的造山作用虽然对岩石圈造成了巨大变形,但是并未显著影响软流圈变形,并且各向异性的主要来源可能是岩石圈地幔;在南北构造带中,30°N可能是地幔各向异性的过渡带,30°N以南的川滇地区,软流圈各向异性的方向出现了环形特征;菲律宾板块向欧亚板块下的俯冲到达地幔转换带,这种俯冲可能带动了西太平洋地幔向华南块体下的流动;华南地区的软流圈流场自西向东显示出顺时针旋转的特征,并在扬子板块东部与来自菲律宾板块下的西南向的地幔流相遇. 相似文献
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地震波速度结构层析成像和地震各向异性分析,是推测现今地幔流动的主要观测依据．从已有研究结果看,全球尺度的地幔流动的两个主要边界驱动力是顶部的冷却和底部的加热,地幔的密度和粘度控制流动速率．沿海沟由消减板带动的地幔下沉,和沿热点下面幔柱及洋中脊的地幔上升,是地幔垂直向流动的表现．GPS等测量显示的全球板块运动在一定条件下反映地幔顶部的水平流动．地幔柱可能有不同的根源深度,沿幔柱上升的地幔流在200—350km深度转变为水平流动．消减带附近有复杂的地幔流动格局,表明局部构造条件对地幔流动的影响．大陆下一般出现两个地幔各向异性层,较深的可能反映地幔流动,并与大陆根的状态有关．在不同构造环境下,地幔流动与板块构造之间有不同形态的相互作用关系,它可能驱动板块运动,也可能对板块运动产生阻力。 相似文献
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中国大陆及邻区位于欧亚大陆东南部,4个重要的板块强烈交互作用,东部受到太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的俯冲作用,西部受到印度板块的碰撞作用,形成了诸多俯冲带、造山带及数千千米的大陆离散变形带。因此,中国大陆及邻区是开展地球动力学研究的天然实验室。提高对岩石圈和软流圈变形特征的认识对理解中国大陆及邻区的动力学含义具有重要意义。本研究将通过联合地表变形场和地幔变形场来分析中国大陆及邻区的岩石圈壳幔耦合程度和软流圈的地幔流特征。本研究收集了位于中国大陆及邻区的宽频带固定和流动地震台(共1 800个台)记录的XKS(SKS,SKKS,PKS)波形资料,采用最小切向能量的网格搜索和叠加分析方法测量了每个台站的各向异性参数,即快波偏振方向和快、慢波时间延迟,并利用他人在区域内的993个宽频带地震台站得到的横波分裂参数,一起组成表征地幔变形场的数据集;并利用发表的约3 600个GPS和断裂第四纪滑动速率测量数据,采用连续样条函数方法求取了中国大陆及邻区的地表连续变形场(速度场和应变率场)。根据应变率分布和岩石圈构造特征,按照高应变率和厚岩石圈区域采取岩石圈变形模式分析,定量求取和确定每个测点的岩石圈变形类型(左旋简单剪切、右旋简单剪切和纯剪切变形),通过预测的横波分裂参数与实测参数的对比来确定岩石圈壳幔力学耦合程度。研究结果表明,大部分地区符合垂直连贯变形模式,属于壳幔耦合特征,如青藏高原、天山造山带、阿尔泰造山带、台湾造山带、琉球岛弧等构造单元,但在印度板块和欧亚板块陆-陆碰撞带——喜马拉雅碰撞带、日本和稳定的四川盆地、塔里木盆地等区域,可能由于板块俯冲导致的复杂构造变形或一种古老的"化石"各向异性并不符合垂直连贯变形模式。在低应变率和薄岩石圈区域采用简单软流圈变形模式分析,假设各向异性是由于岩石圈底部和软流圈之间的运动速度差异引起的。基于预测的地幔流和地表速度场模拟的快波方向与XKS波分裂快波方向之间的比较,通过迭代反演确定了最佳地幔流。研究结果显示,长白山火山活动区将中国东部下面软流圈地幔流分成两部分,北部顺时针旋转的地幔流向东运动,指向东方的太平洋俯冲带,而南部顺时针旋转的地幔流自北向南由向南运动变化到向西南运动,指向西南的缅甸俯冲带和巽达俯冲带。长白山火山活动区下的热地幔上涌使得中国东部软流圈地幔流分成流动方向相反的两部分,北部的顺时针旋转的地幔流向东运动,而南部的顺时针旋转的地幔流自北向南,由向南运动到向西南运动。而在蒙古地区拟合的最佳软流圈地幔流为顺时针旋转的地幔涡流,其形成可能与太平洋板片俯冲、后撤/回转,以及巨厚岩石圈的西伯利亚克拉通的几何形态相关。东亚地区的太平洋板片、巽达板片和缅甸板片的俯冲作用和后撤/回转作用导致了中国大陆及邻区顺时针旋转的软流圈地幔流,使得与岩石圈底部产生了一个水平差异运动,在软流圈中产生一个与简单剪切一致的变形结构,进而形成了研究区所观测到的各向异性。 相似文献
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中国东北地区处于古亚洲构造域、蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造域和环太平洋构造域叠加作用最为显著的地区,是地学研究的热点区域.为了探析欧亚大陆下西太平洋板片的俯冲形态以及揭示该区域深部地球动力学机制,利用卫星重力数据通过预处理共轭梯度快速密度反演算法获得了包含东北地区、华北部分地区及日本海海域在内的研究区域上地幔三维密度结构,结合天然地震三维层析成像结果共同揭示太平洋板片的俯冲形态和深部动力机制.俯冲的太平洋板片在日本海沟处呈高密度异常,向西横向持续扩张,深度方向上有逐渐增加趋势.不连续的高密度体俯冲至地幔转换带(410～660km)后继续水平西向俯冲,部分滞留板片可能进入下地幔;在大兴安岭断裂带下面转换带中同样发现水平分布的高密度体,推断是大兴安岭断裂带下方地幔岩石圈拆沉的结果,横向不均匀分布的俯冲板片边缘已抵至大兴安岭造山带附近,这对于研究东北地区深部动力学机制具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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造山带岩石层多向层架构造及其对新生代岩浆活动制约──以三江及邻区为例 总被引：42，自引：5，他引：37
综合滇川西部特提斯带现今地表构造格局、地壳和上地幔三维速度图像再解释,提出造山带各圈层间,上地壳、中下地壳、岩石层地幔、软流层地幔的构造是一种多向层架构造,上地壳与中下地壳间是一个区域性构造滑脱面．岩石层地幔是一个不易变形的刚性体,常保留老的构造框架．软流层表现为易变层,是变形启动区,反映 “新”构造．研究区陆内新生代岩浆活动的空间分布,主要受扬子地块西缘存在的近南北向－北北东向软流层上涌体及其热熔体上侵地壳底部所形成的壳幔混合层和区域性构造（包括断裂）交叉转折（转换）部位的制约． 相似文献
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利用中国地震台网和ISC台站1980～2004年的地震数据，反演了南海东北部及其邻近地区的Pn波速度结构和各向异性.上地幔顶部的速度变化揭示出区域地质构造的深部特征：华南地区速度较高并且变化平缓，具有构造稳定地区的岩石层地幔特征；华南沿海尤其是滨海断裂带附近出现低速异常，表明该断裂可能穿过壳幔边界深达上地幔顶部.南海北部至台湾海峡较高的速度与华南地区类似，反映出大陆边缘和陆架地区的岩石层地幔性质；西沙海槽附近较高的速度不仅反映了华南大陆向南的延伸，而且与海槽裂谷拉张引起的地幔上拱有关，整个南海北部没有发现大规模地幔热流的活动痕迹.相比之下，南海东部次海盆的上地幔顶部存在明显的低速异常，对应于海底扩张中心的地幔上涌区，表明岩石层地幔强烈减薄甚至缺失；台湾东部－吕宋－菲律宾北部的低速异常与地震、火山活动以及岩浆作用紧密相关，揭示了西太平洋岛弧俯冲带的活动特征；南海东北部的洋－陆边界清晰，南海东部和菲律宾海西部较高的速度代表了海洋岩石层地幔的性质.Pn波各向异性反映出区域性构造应力状态及岩石层地幔的变形痕迹：华南地区的各向异性较小，说明这一构造稳定地区的岩石层地幔变形程度较弱；南海北部的快波方向与地壳浅表层构造的伸展方向一致，主要反映了中、新生代以来的大陆边缘张裂和剪切作用对岩石层地幔结构的影响；琉球－台湾－吕宋岛弧两侧各向异性十分强烈，平行于海沟的快波方向表明菲律宾海板块和欧亚大陆的相互作用导致俯冲板块前缘的岩石层地幔强烈变形；台湾东南海域快波方向的变化可能与欧亚大陆和菲律宾海板块俯冲机制的转换以及岩石层被撕裂有关. 相似文献
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华北地区地壳上地幔S波三维速度结构 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用华北地区大型流动地震台阵的记录资料,采用近震和远震联合成像方法,得到了水平分辨率0.5°×0.5°、深至600km的S波速度结构.研究结果表明,上地壳S波速度结构与地表地质构造基本一致,燕山—太行山山脉均呈现高速异常,延庆—怀来盆地、大同盆地表现为低速异常,华北盆地内部的拗陷和隆起分别呈现低速和高速.唐山地区中地壳、山西裂陷盆地中下地壳存在明显的低速异常,可能分别与流体和热物质作用有关,有利于形成孕育强震的地质构造环境.90km的速度结构图像依然与地表的构造特征有较大的相关性,可能说明深部结构对地表构造有一定的控制作用.燕山隆起区岩石圈的厚度可达120～150km左右,华北盆地的岩石圈厚度可能在80km左右,太行山地区的岩石圈厚度介于两者之间.山西裂陷盆地上地幔低速层较厚,反映了该区不稳定的构造环境造成了地幔热物质的上涌.华北盆地下方220～320km出现的高速异常体,可能揭示了华北盆地上地幔仍然存在拆沉后残留的难熔、高密度的古老岩石圈地幔.研究区东部地幔转换带呈低速异常,推测可能与太平洋板块俯冲至该区下方地幔转换带前缘120°E左右的俯冲板块相变脱水有关. 相似文献
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Bryony A.R. Youngs Gregory A. Houseman 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2007,160(1):60-74
In this study, we examine the development of topography on a thin dense layer at the base of the lower mantle. The effect of the convecting mantle above is represented as a traction acting on the upper surface of the layer. Topography on the layer boundaries is predicted by a balance of dynamic flow stress and external traction. The nature of boundary topography depends on the magnitude of the driving tractions and the density variation within the layer. If we assume that the layer density is greatest beneath areas of mantle downwelling and decreases to a minimum beneath areas of mantle upwelling (the layer is thermally coupled to the convection in the overlying mantle) then its upper boundary develops a cusp-like peak beneath the upwelling mantle. The height of this peak is potentially much greater than the layer thickness. If, however, the layers are effectively coupled by viscous shear then internal density gradients of the opposite sign may be established. In this case, we observe solutions where the layer is completely swept away beneath areas of mantle downwelling leaving steep-sided ‘islands’ of dense material. This mechanism therefore provides a possible explanation for steep-sided anomalously slow regions at the base of the mantle observed by seismic methods (e.g. beneath south Africa) or for discrete ultralow velocity zones detected at the core-mantle boundary beneath locations of surface hotspots. The magnitude of the upper boundary driving tractions compared to the density gradient within the layer is the key parameter that determines the nature of flow in, and consequently boundary topography of, the layer. The deflection of the core-mantle boundary is small compared with that of the top of the dense layer, but a change in sign of the ratio of these deflections is observed as the magnitude of the driving tractions changes relative to the magnitude of the internal density gradient. We compare seismic measurements of core-mantle boundary topography and D′′ topography with the predictions of this model in an attempt to constrain model parameters, but no clear correlation seems to exist between D′′ thickness and CMB topography. 相似文献
12.
西太平洋地壳年龄较老,因而岩石层较冷和比重较大,俯冲带的角度也较大,活动和成熟的弧后盆地则较多;条件与之相反的东太平洋弧后盆地则较少.本文探讨这种相关关系的力学成因,计算了俯冲板块诱生的弧后上涌地幔流动.计算表明,俯冲角度大及存在后撤俯冲时,有利于在弧后地区产生明显的上涌地幔流,这种深部热物质的上涌会导致弧后扩张.反之,年龄较轻的海洋地块较热和较轻,俯冲角度一般也较小,不易诱生上涌地幔物质流动和弧后扩张.大陆地壳密度小于地幔物质,大陆碰撞区就更不具备弧后扩张的条件. 相似文献
13.
通过处理ChinArray计划二期和三期台阵中823个台站的远震波形数据,共获得174 562个高质量的P波接收函数,采用接收函数共转换点（CCP）叠加方法开展华北克拉通中西部及其邻区的地幔转换带结构研究,获得了研究区地幔转换带的厚度分布。结果表明:研究区内地幔转换带厚度变化幅值在235—280 km范围内,具有分区特征;阿尔金断裂带东部和汉诺坝火山以北厚的转换带异常可能与冷的岩石圈拆沉有关;河套盆地和阴山造山带附近分布着相对薄的地幔转换带,这可能暗示了该地区存在热的地幔物质上涌或岩浆活动;渤海湾盆地下方厚的地幔转换带异常可能是冷的太平洋板片西向俯冲并滞留于地幔转换带所致。 相似文献
14.
《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,205(3-4):225-237
Two global-scale mantle convection cells presently exist on Earth, centred on upwelling zones in the South Pacific Ocean and northeast Africa: one cell (Panthalassan) contains only oceanic plates, the other (Pangaean) contains all the continental plates. They have remained fixed relative to one another for >400 Ma. A transverse (Rheic–Tethyian) subduction system splits the Pangaean cell. Poloidal plate motion in the oceanic cell reflects circumferential pull of Panthalassan slabs, but toroidal flow in the Pangaean cell, reflected by vortex-type motion of continents toward the Altaids of central-east Asia throughout the Phanerozoic, has resulted from the competing slab-pull forces of both cells. The combined slab-pull effects from both cells also controlled Pangaean assembly and dispersal. Assembly occurred during Palaeozoic clockwise toroidal motion in the Pangaean cell, when Gondwana was pulled into Pangaea by the NE-trending Rheic subduction zone, forming the Appalachian–Variscide–Altaid chain. Pangaean dispersal occurred when the Rheic trench re-aligned in the Jurassic to form the NW-trending Tethyside subduction system, which pulled east Gondwanan fragments in the opposite direction to form the Cimmerian–Himalayan–Alpine chain. This re-alignment also generated a new set of (Indian) mid-ocean ridge systems which dissected east Gondwana and facilitated breakup. 100–200-Myr-long Phanerozoic Wilson cycles reflect rifting and northerly migration of Gondwanan fragments across the Pangaean cell into the Rheic–Tethyian trench. Pangaean dispersal was amplified by retreat of the Panthalassan slab away from Europe and Africa, which generated mantle counterflow currents capable of pulling the Americas westward to create the Atlantic Ocean. Thermal blanketing beneath Pangaea and related hotspot activity were part of a complex feedback mechanism that established the breakup pattern, but slab retreat is considered to have been the main driving force. The size and longevity of the two cells, organised and maintained by long-lived slab-pull forces, favours deep mantle convection as the dominant circulation process during the Phanerozoic. 相似文献
15.
V. P. Trubitsyn 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(2):93-113
The present Pacific Ocean differs significantly in its structure and evolution from the expanding Atlantic Ocean. The Pacific is asymmetric. Its mid-ocean ridge is located not along its median line but is closer to South America and adjoins North America. The Pacific is surrounded by a ring of subduction zones but has marginal seas only at its Eurasian margins. After the breakup of Pangea, the Atlantic began to open and the Pacific began to close. This paper examines the evolution of the Pacific Ocean and, in particular, the formation mechanisms of its present structures. Numerical modeling of the long-term drift of a large continent is performed, with the initial position of the continent corresponding to the state after the breakup of the supercontinent. At first the continent, driven by the nearest descending mantle flow, begins to approach a subduction zone. Since the mantle flows beneath a large continent have different directions, its velocity is a few times lower than that of the mantle flows near the subduction zone. As a result, a zone of extension arises at the active continental margin and a fragment is broken off from the continent; this fragment rapidly moves away and stops above the descending mantle flow as in a trap. A marginal sea forms at the active continental margin. The continent continues its slow movement toward the subduction zone. The oceanic lithosphere, which earlier sank vertically, begins to descend obliquely. This evolutionary stage corresponds to the present position of Eurasia. The modeling shows how the interaction of the continent with the mantle causes the subduction zone to roll back toward the ocean. Subsequently, the continent nevertheless catches up with the subduction zone, and they move together for a while. The marginal sea then closes and high compressive stresses arise at the active continental margin. This state corresponds to the present position of South America. During the subsequent drift, the continent together with the subduction zone reaches the mid-ocean ridge and partially overrides it. This state corresponds to North America, which was the first to break off from Pangea and passed through the stages of both Eurasia and South America. The large and slowly moving Eurasia, which formed only at the time of Pangea, is still in the first evolutionary stage of the Pacific Ocean closure. 相似文献
16.
K. M. Fischer M. J. Fouch D. A. Wiens M. S. Boettcher 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,151(2-4):463-475
—We have obtained constraints on the strength and orientation of anisotropy in the mantle beneath the Tonga, southern Kuril, Japan, and Izu-Bonin subduction zones using shear-wave splitting in S phases from local earthquakes and in teleseismic core phases such as SKS. The observed splitting in all four subduction zones is consistent with a model in which the lower transition zone (520–660 km) and lower mantle are isotropic, and in which significant anisotropy occurs in the back-arc upper mantle. The upper transition zone (410–520 km) beneath the southern Kurils appears to contain weak anisotropy. The observed fast directions indicate that the geometry of back-arc strain in the upper mantle varies systematically across the western Pacific rim. Beneath Izu-Bonin and Tonga, fast directions are aligned with the azimuth of subducting Pacific plate motion and are parallel or sub-parallel to overriding plate extension. However, fast directions beneath the Japan Sea, western Honshu, and Sakhalin Island are highly oblique to subducting plate motion and parallel to present or past overriding plate shearing. Models of back-arc mantle flow that are driven by viscous coupling to local plate motions can reproduce the splitting observed in Tonga and Izu-Bonin, but further three-dimensional flow modeling is required to ascertain whether viscous plate coupling can explain the splitting observed in the southern Kurils and Japan. The fast directions in the southern Kurils and Japan may require strain in the back-arc mantle that is driven by regional or global patterns of mantle flow. 相似文献
17.
利用动力学模拟方法研究地幔对流对于大尺度岩石圈内部应力场形成的作用. 地幔物质内部的密度横向非均匀及表面板块运动引起地幔流动,并在岩石圈底部产生一个应力场. 该应力场作为面力将造成岩石圈本身变形,从而产生岩石圈内部的应力分布. 模拟计算结果表明,大部分俯冲带及大陆碰撞带区域应力均呈现挤压特征,如环太平洋俯冲带及印度－欧亚碰撞带等;而东太平洋洋脊、大西洋洋脊及东非裂谷处应力状态均表现为拉张;并且绝大多数热点位置处于应力拉张区域,这与目前对全球构造应力状态的理解是一致的. 计算的岩石圈内部最大水平主压应力的方向与观测表现出相当的一致,其结果总体上吻合得较好,然而在局部区域（例如西北太平洋的俯冲带、青藏高原等地区）存在着较大的差异. 研究表明,地幔对流是造成岩石圈内部大尺度应力状态及分布的一个重要因素. 相似文献
18.
We selected relative travel-time residuals from teleseismic waveform data using the waveform correction method and imaged the P wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China.In combination with other geophysical data,we discussed the relation between the shallow and deep structures of the area.The results show that there is a primary high-velocity zone with some high- and low-velocity distribution characters beneath the Songliao basin.The low-velocity anomalies may extend down to the upper mantle,and may be the result of material upwelling.The low-velocity anomaly beneath the southern part of the Songliao basin is connected to those beneath the Changbaishan and A'ershan volcanic areas.It may be an upwelling channel from the mantle beneath the Songliao basin and adjacent area.This finding indicates the Songliao basin was a result of asthenospheric upwelling caused by subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate. 相似文献
19.
阿拉斯加地区由不同地质时期的地体向北增生而成,经历了漫长的构造演化,地质构造复杂。ANF （Array Network Facility）网站新近提供的来自USArray地震台网记录的地震台站观测数据填补了阿拉斯加地区西部和北部的观测空白,本文选取该区域中345个台站记录的5 638个地震事件的P波、S波到时数据,采用区域双差地震层析成像方法反演得到了该地区的岩石圈三维P波速度模型和地震重定位结果。研究结果显示:阿拉斯加西部太平洋板块的俯冲倾角较大,深部地幔楔表现为P波低速异常,推测由俯冲板块顶部脱水产生的流体释放到地幔楔并触发部分熔融所致,这些熔融物质上升到达地表形成阿留申火山岛链;中部亚库塔特（Yakutat）地体与太平洋板块发生耦合,俯冲倾角减小,一方面使地壳压应力增加,引起地壳增厚和楚加奇（Chugach）山脉隆升,另一方面导致该处地幔楔降温从而使产生的熔体减少,并随着地壳压应力的增加部分地壳裂隙闭合,阻断了熔体上升至地表,从而形成迪那利（Denali）火山空区;亚库塔特地体与东部兰格尔（Wrangell）火山区之间存在较明显的分界,兰格尔火山区下方的低速区（与岩浆活动对应）集中于西北侧,火山区的岩浆来源可能与环形地幔流沿太平洋—亚库塔特板块边缘的上升流相关。这些结果表明,阿拉斯加地区深部复杂的地球动力学过程导致了其地表复杂的地质构造。 相似文献