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传统固定结构的计算网格不适于处理计算边界动态变化的问题,利用动网格技术,结合土力学中粘性土河岸的崩塌机理,建立了可变网格下的堤防溃口展宽二维数学模型,在对模型进行验证对比的基础上,对北江下游的大塘围蓄滞洪区口门处的崩塌展宽过程进行了模拟,模型计算结果表明:随着溃堤水流对堤防土体的冲蚀,堤防发生崩塌破坏,溃口洪水流量迅速增大,与实际相符,说明通过采用可变网格与土力学中粘性土河岸崩塌机理相结合的计算方法,使得模型具备准确模拟蓄滞洪区口门处横向崩塌展宽过程的优点。 相似文献
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传统的栅格离散方式不能很好反映流域水文过程的边界特征,且难以实现流域水文过程的多尺度模拟.采用有限体积法构建了基于不规则三角形网格的物理性水文模型,将物理性描述的偏微分方程组在控制体积内积分得到空间半离散的常微分方程组,保证数值求解中的水量平衡,并可与概念性描述部分水文过程(如截留、填洼等)的常微分方程组更好地耦合;建立了数值求解方案,采用Triangle对计算区域进行离散,并在沁河上游流域进行了验证,结果表明模型具有较高的模拟精度和良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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为了较好地模拟给定模型在随机源激发下产生的稳定波场信息,为微动信号的检验和数据特征分析等提供理论依据,采用交错网格有限差分方法模拟微动信号,并根据瑞雷波和勒夫波的产生机理,通过测区内震源的分布情况估测微动信号中面波的组成成分。首先建立交错网格有限差分法模拟微动信号的数值模型,然后给出估测微动信号中面波组成成分的算式,最后采用典型方法数值模拟微动信号,应用空间自相关方法提取模拟信号中面波的频散曲线进行分析对比。结果表明,交错网格有限差分方法模拟得到的微动信号更符合实测结果。 相似文献
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针对地下水有限元数值模拟中区域三角网格剖分复杂难以处理的情况,提出适合其特点的Delaunay三角网格自动剖分方法,并对含有多个参数分区的含水层进行网格剖分,最后利用遗传算法和有限元程序相耦合来反演含水层水文地质参数。结果表明此方法可大大简化地下水数值模拟的前处理工作,并能提高有限元网格剖分的有效性和准确性,从而得到令人满意的数值模拟结果。 相似文献
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由于地质体和矿体的形态非常复杂，使用长方体网格离散建立正演模型时可能和真实情况有很大差别，因此计算结果可靠性差。本文提出一种基于约束Delaunay网格剖分的方法对地质体进行离散并进行重力建模，在模型边界等复杂区域使用网格自适应加密技术，将三维地质体离散为有限个四面体；并详细推导出针对四面体网格的重力正演公式，实现了基于约束Delaunay网格剖分技术的三维重力数值模拟；最后，针对一个合成数据模型，将计算解与解析解对比。结果表明，细化网格的模拟结果比粗糙网格更好，满足数值模拟的精度要求。将该方法应用到金川矿区实际地质体建模中，根据局部需要，建立各处网格密度不均匀的三维模型，并计算该模型的地表重力场，而后对比模拟数据与实测数据，结果表明Delaunay网格建模方法具有很强的适用性，能够模拟复杂的地质体重力异常。 相似文献
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基于一阶速度-应力波动方程,采用高阶交错网格有限差分数值模拟方法,对弹性及黏弹性TTI介质进行正演数值模拟。模拟时采用完全匹配层吸收边界条件(PML)消除边界反射。同时设计了层状介质模型、断层模型,通过模型的正演计算,得到了不同时刻的地震波波场快照及合成地震记录,分析其波场运动学及动力学特征。模拟结果表明,交错网格有限差分法可以很好地完成对复杂介质的波场模拟,具有较高的精度和可靠性。 相似文献
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利用有限元方法进行大地电磁正演数值模拟时,由于是在有限网格区域上的数值计算,模拟计算时的网格边界为截断边界,而有限元数值模拟时的大地电磁场边界条件需要在足够远处才能够满足,所以截断边界的存在可能会使大地电磁正演模拟的边界条件无法满足,致使对计算结果和计算精度产生影响。利用有限元二维正演程序,在网格边界处加载一维情况下的大地电磁场,然后固定研究区域的网格剖分,并对一维地电模型和二维地电模型在改变有限元网格边界大小的情况下进行计算。在对一维模型进行模拟计算时,截断边界对边界条件没有影响,边界条件自然满足。而对二维模型进行模拟计算时,截断边界的存在对计算结果有较大影响。利用趋肤深度作为有限元网格边界变化的量度,通过改变网格边界大小,对不同的二维地电模型进行计算比较,总结出适合大地电磁有限元正演模拟的参考网格边界。 相似文献
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电阻率层析成像反演中若干问题的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以双异性点电流源电流场二维地电断面为例，着重讨论了电阻率层析成像反演中有限单元法数值模拟边界条件的选择，网格部分以及模拟精度等问题，同时也讨论了成像反演中最优化反演方法及拟合参数的评价等。文中提出的网格部分方法和选择的边界条件可有效地提高计算速度和数值模拟的精度。 相似文献
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多极距中梯测深法是一种效率高、信息丰富的新型体积测深技术,而当前常规多极距中梯测深应用与研究多数局限于二维空间,其三维正反演一直是人们研究的热点。本文在四面体交错网格剖分基础上,采用有限单元法对球体等三维模型进行多极距中梯测深数值模拟计算。研究表明,三维数值模拟可有效反映模型的空间分布;在不增加太多工作量的情况下,实现高效体积测深;电阻率和极化率参数模拟相结合分析,模拟精度高,稳定性好;开展倾斜铜板、铜块水槽物理模拟,模拟结果较好反映了模型的空间及电性分布,验证了多极距中梯测深的可行性和正确性,为该方法的实际应用及后续的反演工作提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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Flood forecasts based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting using a coupled atmospheric-hydrological modeling system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The recent improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models has a strong potential for extending the lead time of precipitation and subsequent flooding. However, uncertainties inherent in precipitation outputs from NWP models are propagated into hydrological forecasts and can also be magnified by the scaling process, contributing considerable uncertainties to flood forecasts. In order to address uncertainties in flood forecasting based on single-model precipitation forecasting, a coupled atmospheric-hydrological modeling system based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting is implemented in a configuration for two episodes of intense precipitation affecting the Wangjiaba sub-region in Huaihe River Basin, China. The present study aimed at comparing high-resolution limited-area meteorological model Canadian regional mesoscale compressible community model (MC2) with the multiple linear regression integrated forecast (MLRF), covering short and medium range. The former is a single-model approach; while the latter one is based on NWP models [(MC2, global environmental multiscale model (GEM), T213L31 global spectral model (T213)] integrating by a multiple linear regression method. Both MC2 and MLRF are coupled with Chinese National Flood Forecasting System (NFFS), MC2-NFFS and MLRF-NFFS, to simulate the discharge of the Wangjiaba sub-basin. The evaluation of the flood forecasts is performed both from a meteorological perspective and in terms of discharge prediction. The encouraging results obtained in this study demonstrate that the coupled system based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting has a promising potential of increasing discharge accuracy and modeling stability in terms of precipitation amount and timing, along with reducing uncertainties in flood forecasts and models. Moreover, the precipitation distribution of MC2 is more problematic in finer temporal and spatial scales, even for the high resolution simulation, which requests further research on storm-scale data assimilation, sub-grid-scale parameterization of clouds and other small-scale atmospheric dynamics. 相似文献
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针对Noah-MP模型多参数化方案、模拟结果不确定性范围难以确定的特点,选取北疆地区具有代表性的阿勒泰站气象资料作为模型驱动数据,探讨了积雪对多参数化方案的敏感性。在不考虑模型参数和驱动数据不确定性的条件下,设计了集合数为13824的多参数化方案集合模拟试验。选用Natural selection方法对物理过程的敏感性进行分析,并在敏感性分析结果的基础上进一步讨论了模拟结果的不确定性。结果表明:积雪对地表热交换、雨雪分离、土壤温度底层边界条件和第一层积雪或土壤时间方案4个物理过程敏感;在不考虑驱动数据和模型参数不确定性的条件下,多参数化方案集合模拟试验中的不确定性主要来源于敏感物理过程。去除敏感物理过程中能够明显降低模拟性能的参数化方案后,集合模拟结果的不确定性大幅减小。最后,根据分析结果构建了该站雪深和雪水当量模拟的最优参数化方案组合。 相似文献
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On account of the latest community Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization (Noah-MP) schemes and its uncertainty breadth in simulation results being difficult to be determined, this study assessed the sensitivity of snow to physics options using meteorological data from the Altay Station in northern Xinjiang. The Noah-MP physics ensemble simulation with the total number of 13 824 was designed without the consideration of the uncertainties of forcing data and parameters. The natural selection approach was used to analyze the sensitivity of physical processes. Based on the results of sensitivity analysis, the uncertainty of ensemble simulation results was further discussed. The results showed that snow was sensitive to the physical processes of surface-layer exchange coefficient, partitioning precipitation into rainfall and snowfall, lower boundary condition of soil temperature, and first-layer snow or soil temperature time scheme; Uncertainties in multi-parameterization ensemble simulation experiments were mainly from sensitive physical processes under the condition of disregarding uncertainties of forcing data and parameters. After removing the parameterization schemes that notably reduced simulation performance in sensitive physical processes, the uncertainty breadth in ensemble simulations decreased significantly. Finally, an optimal combination group of parameterization schemes for this station was configured. 相似文献
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耦合冻土方案的大气模式对祁连山区春季土壤状况的模拟 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
对黑河流域上游山区水源涵养林区2003年春季土壤温度、湿度变化进行分析,运用耦合冻土参数化和没有耦合冻土参数化的大气模式MM5对该区春季过程进行了模拟,并与观测值进行对比,对模拟的产流量做了初步分析.结果显示:考虑冻土参数化方案对土壤温度模拟的改进主要体现在表层土壤,对深层土壤温度的模拟没有大的改进;考虑冻土参数化方案改进了对100 cm深度以内的土壤含水量的模拟,很大程度上缩小了模拟值与观测值之间的绝对误差.总体来讲,考虑了冻土参数化的模拟结果在一定程度上改进了模式对黑河流域上游季节冻土区土壤温、湿状况的模拟,在一定程度上逼近祁连山区的春季土壤状况.考虑冻土参数化和没有考虑冻土参数化对产流量的模拟表明,冻土参数化对产流量模拟有很大影响,冻土形成的不透水层可以产生更多的地表径流.尽管考虑冻土参数化过程对模拟结果有一定程度的改进,但模拟结果与实测结果还是有一定差距的.因此,进行寒区冻土过程模拟时,还需要进一步对土壤信息、模式物理过程,大气背景场驱动数据以及局地因素进行详细而精确的考虑,以期进一步提高模式在寒区的模拟性能,特别是为高寒山区无观测地带陆气相互作用研究提供依据. 相似文献
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Havar Gjoystda Astound Drottning Isabelle Lecomte Mike Branston 《地学前缘》2008,15(1):123-132
根据三维地震地质模型对地震数据进行模拟是从勘探到生产的周期内决策过程中的一个不可或缺的组成部分。虽然对于在储层内的动力过程和地震地质的模型表述已经取得很大进展,但如何从这些模型得到地震数据的精确模拟仍面临很多挑战。通常是在地球模型范围内根据物性用一维褶积方法来模拟地震数据。然而这个过程一般不考虑地震勘探布局和盖层对地震信号的影响。我们审视了为什么这些因素会制约三维地球模型的有效性,并考虑了为什么需要把盖层和地震勘探布局对三维覆盖和分辨率的影响加进模拟过程之中。我们提出了一种新方法,把建立物性模型和一种新的地震模拟技术结合起来,给出一个工作流程;利用这个流程,勘探工作者可以很快模拟出三维的PSDM数据,这些数据加进了盖层和地震勘探布局对覆盖及分辨率的影响。我们利用从远离挪威海岸的一个油田得到的数据,在考虑覆盖和分辨率效应的地震数据模拟之前,对岩石物性做了一些扰动,然后进行地震数据模拟,以此来说明如何可以用这种方法提高三维地球模型的精确性和增进我们对储层的了解。 相似文献
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Atmospheric physics in numerical weather prediction model which predominantly determines the evolution of atmospheric processes is mainly described by physical parameterization. As a result, the development of physical parameterization has been a hot research issue in the area of numerical prediction for a long time. In this regard, the theoretical background and history of physical parameterization schemes for convection, microphysics, and planetary boundary layer, were reviewed in this study. It is suggested that the advance of physical parameterization for the model with high-resolution grid spaces should be considered as a principle issue for numerical model development in the future. Although the gird spaces in current operational numerical models generally decrease toward 10 km owing to the rapid development of high-performance computation, yet most of these schemes are designed for coarse grid spaces. Because of this kind of deficiency, the theoretical basis of these schemes inevitably faces controversy. Directions for development of physical parameterization were also suggested according to the trends of research in numerical prediction. 相似文献
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With the development of regional climate simulation, CWRF, the new generation regional climate model, is increasingly used in climate research because of its advanced capability and high skill. The CWRF application in China was introduced from three aspects: its modifications of WRF physics parameterizations, the construction of modeling domain and lateral boundary conditions, the case simulation study and comparison with RegCM, illustrating the accuracy and advantage of CWRF in regional climate simulations. Furthermore, two major CWRF developmental prospects in China were explored: one was to incorporate more accurate physical parameterization schemes and optimized multi-physics ensemble approach; the other was to nest CWRF in GCMs for short-term climate operational forecast and long-term climate change prediction and impact assessment. The status of CWRF applications in China was summarized and the outlook of its further development was pointed out, which provided a meaningful reference for more general research and application. 相似文献
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As an important bridge between the underlying surface and the free atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer is not only closely related to the development of various weather processes, but also plays a key role in local and regional weather and climate changes. In view of the complexity of the atmospheric boundary layer, the numerical simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer has always been a hotspot and difficulty in the numerical simulation research of the atmosphere. In this paper, the three numerical model development stages of the atmospheric boundary layer in recent decades were summarized and the important advances in arid and semi-arid areas, Tibet Plateau, urban complex underlying surface, and special typhoon boundary layer were reviewed. At present, there are still five scientific problems to be solved urgently, including cloud and boundary layer interaction, boundary layer parameterization, model resolution, boundary layer data assimilation and boundary layer development mechanism. Moreover, it was pointed out that in this field we need to strengthen the understanding of different types of atmospheric boundary layer processes, boundary layer bottom and top interface exchange, boundary layer development mechanism in special regions, improve boundary layer parameterization scheme and give full play to the advantages of LES in boundary layer simulation. 相似文献
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The prediction of fluid flows within hydrocarbon reservoirs requires the characterization of petrophysical properties. Such characterization is performed on the basis of geostatistics and history-matching; in short, a reservoir model is first randomly drawn, and then sequentially adjusted until it reproduces the available dynamic data. Two main concerns typical of the problem under consideration are the heterogeneity of rocks occurring at all scales and the use of data of distinct resolution levels. Therefore, referring to sequential Gaussian simulation, this paper proposes a new stochastic simulation method able to handle several scales for both continuous or discrete random fields. This method adds flexibility to history-matching as it boils down to the multiscale parameterization of reservoir models. In other words, reservoir models can be updated at either coarse or fine scales, or both. Parameterization adapts to the available data; the coarser the scale targeted, the smaller the number of unknown parameters, and the more efficient the history-matching process. This paper focuses on the use of variational optimization techniques driven by the gradual deformation method to vary reservoir models. Other data assimilation methods and perturbation processes could have been envisioned as well. Last, a numerical application case is presented in order to highlight the advantages of the proposed method for conditioning permeability models to dynamic data. For simplicity, we focus on two-scale processes. The coarse scale describes the variations in the trend while the fine scale characterizes local variations around the trend. The relationships between data resolution and parameterization are investigated. 相似文献