共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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硝酸盐氮氧稳定同位素分馏过程记录的海洋氮循环研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
海洋生态系统中的氮素生物地球化学循环主要是由微生物的代谢过程来驱动的,包括氮固定、氮同化、硝化以及反硝化和厌氧氨氧化过程,这些过程都伴随着不同程度的氮氧同位素的分馏,直接影响着海洋硝酸盐中的氮氧稳定同位素组成.因此,通过检测海洋硝酸盐中的氮氧稳定同位素信号,就可以捕捉到海洋中发生的具体氮素循环过程.细菌反硝化法是这一研究最有力的手段,通过细菌的作用把硝酸盐中记录的氮氧稳定同位素信号转化到N2O中,再通过痕量N2O的同位素质谱测定和分析,准确地反映海洋中发生的氮素转化过程.硝酸盐氮氧稳定同位素分馏过程为深入理解海洋氮循环提供了一个重要的工具,有力推动了海洋氮素生物地球化学的研究,在近10年来取得了重要进展. 相似文献
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再生水灌溉条件下氮磷运移转化实验与数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用二维饱和-非饱和土壤氮磷运移转化模型nitrogen-2D对污水灌溉试验的实测数据进行了分析, 结果证明所提出的模型可以较好的描述土壤中的水分运动和氮的转化运移过程, 土壤含水量及铵态氮剖面模拟值与实测数据吻合程度较好.用检验过的数学模型模拟了不同污水灌溉方案下土壤及地下水中不同形态氮及磷的变化情况, 分析了不同灌溉方案下土壤的氮磷平衡和农田养分平衡状况, 结果表明: 适度的污水灌溉, 硝态氮和无机磷不会淋溶出1.5m土层, 不会对地下水造成氮磷污染; 施入土壤的铵态氮, 由于有较强的吸附性, 不易被作物直接吸收, 49%转化成硝态氮, 作物根系吸收以硝态氮为主, 氮肥当季利用率为23.3%;反硝化是进行污水灌溉时旱地土壤氮素的主要损失形式, 约占施入氮量的12.6%. 相似文献
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生物质炭对于土壤中不同形态氮库的含量影响已有较多研究,但对西南喀斯特区石灰性土壤氮素形态,尤其是控制氮素形态的转化过程研究较为缺乏。本研究设置土壤中添加1%(C1)和3%(C2)蔗渣生物质炭2个用量水平,并以不施用蔗渣生物质炭作为对照(CK),共3个处理,通过 15 NH 4 NO 3 和NH^15 4 NO 3 成对标记技术,结合MCMC氮素转化模型研究了不同用量的蔗渣生物质炭对石灰性土壤氮转化过程的短期影响,为该地区蔗渣资源化利用和土壤氮保持提供理论支撑。结果表明,与CK相比,添加蔗渣生物质炭能够快速提高土壤pH和有机碳含量。添加生物质炭并没有显著改变土壤氮的矿化、铵态氮(NH^+ 4 )和硝态氮(NO^- 3 )的微生物同化和异养硝化速率,但NH^+ 4 吸附速率随生物质炭用量的增加而提高,以添加量最高的C2处理最大。添加生物质炭同样提高了土壤NH^+ 4 释放速率,但C1和C2处理的土壤NH^+ 4 释放速率并无显著性差异。与CK和C1处理相比,施用高量蔗渣生物质炭通过抑制自养硝化速率而显著降低了硝态氮净产生速率。这些结果表明,施用高量蔗渣生物质炭于石灰性土壤中可快速实现对NH^+ 4 吸附,降低自养硝化速率,减少NO^- 3 产生,从而降低了其损耗和淋失风险。 相似文献
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包气带作为防止地下水硝酸盐污染的天然屏障,其反硝化效果通常受到碳源的限制。针对地下水硝酸盐污染防治技术现状,本文采用Ca(OH)2处理的玉米芯作为反硝化的碳源材料,构建包气带强化反应层,用响应曲面法研究硝酸盐浓度、含水量和温度的交互作用对脱氮性能影响,并用硝态氮去除率、亚硝态氮累积、pH值变化以及溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)淋失通量综合评价脱氮性能,最后采用高通量测序揭示脱氮层中微生物变化。研究结果表明:温度、含水量以及温度和含水量交互作用对硝态氮去除率影响显著,其中温度是反硝化过程中最关键的因素;系统运行74天后,硝态氮去除率达到50%,亚硝态氮累积量(以N计)大多低于3 mg/L,pH值维持在7.0左右,DOC淋失通量(以C计)介于0.10.2 mg/(cm2·d);高通量测序发现,脱氮层中微生物的丰富度降低,而与反硝化和碳分解有关的微生物相对丰度提高,在碳源的刺激下微生物向有利于脱氮的方向演变。 相似文献
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地下水中铵根、砷、溶解铁的共存是一个普遍现象。它们之间发生强烈的相互作用,并影响地下水系统的氮循环和砷迁移转化。文章在系统总结地下水氮循环过程及影响因素、地下水氮循环功能微生物及特征、地下水砷富集的水文地球化学过程等国内外研究现状的基础上,深入分析了地下水系统中的氮循环过程（硝化、反硝化、铁铵氧化、厌氧铵氧化、硝酸根异化还原产铵等）对地下水砷迁移转化的影响,总结出含水层中铁氧化物和溶解态Fe(II)的动态转化是氮循环影响地下水中砷迁移转化的重要桥梁。据此提出不同氧化还原环境的含水层中氮循环过程、地下水氮循环与砷迁移转化耦合机理、Fe(III)-Fe(II)的循环-地下水氮循环-砷迁移转化之间的相互作用过程、地表水-地下水相互作用带氮-铁-砷的循环过程及其对人类活动的响应等是今后该领域需要关注的重要科学问题和主要发展趋势。这些科学问题的解决不仅有利于识别地下水中氮的来源和迁移转化,而且有利于提高对高砷地下水富集机理的整体认识。 相似文献
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正确评估淡水环境中沉积物脱氮效应对理解淡水系统氮循环过程具有重要的科学意义,修正~(15)N同位素配对技术(revised ~(15)N isotope pairing techniques,r-IPT)可同时评估沉积物柱样中反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率及其脱氮贡献。本文利用流动柱样培养实验,首次在淡水系统中对比了利用泥浆实验提供参数的r-IPT_(ra)与由柱样培养实验本身提供参数的r-IPT_V计算沉积物脱氮速率的差异性,并评估了秋季太湖不同沉积环境脱氮速率。研究表明:(1)泥浆实验结果表明,太湖梅梁湾与胥湖沉积物中均存在反硝化与厌氧氨氧化作用。(2)r-IPT方法的基本假设在研究区域均成立。其中,r-IPT_V得到的两湖区沉积物原位脱氮速率均与添加15NO-3浓度无关,表明r-IPT_V对沉积物脱氮速率评估具有更好的计算精度。(3)r-IPT_V计算结果表明,梅梁湾与胥湖沉积物反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、脱氮速率分别为3.09、1.47、4.56μmol/(m2·h)与0.69、0.02、0.71μmol/(m~2·h),厌氧氨氧化对两湖区沉积物脱氮贡献率(ra)分别为32.2%与3.3%。(4)对比r-IPT_(ra)与r-IPT_V在两个湖区的计算结果,当ra较低时(3.3%),r-IPT_(ra)与r-IPT_V计算的沉积物脱氮速率及厌氧氨氧化速率接近;而当ra较高时(32.2%),r-IPT_(ra)显著高估沉积物脱氮速率,低估厌氧氨氧化贡献率。 相似文献
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为了探讨在再生水地表回灌条件下,再生水对地下水中氨素和主要盐分浓度变化的影响,选取现实存在的清河再生水湿地公园为例,以氨氮、Cl-离子为主要研究对象,利用Hydrus-1D溶质运移模型和Modflow、MT3DMSD耦合地下水模型,模拟了再生水长期利用后的地下水氨氮和Cl-指标变化情况。研究结果显示,再生水到达包气带底部时,水中氮氨、Cl-离子含量高于研究区潜水地下水中的相应指标含量,氨氮超出地下水质量Ⅲ类标准。预测5~20年后,潜水中氨氮超标面积不断扩展,20年后将达14km2,氨氮超标垂向延伸至第一层弱透水层;Cl-离子在潜水中不超标,但在湿地公园周边浓度有所增加。湿地公园再生水的长期地表回灌将给当地地下水质量带来负面影响。 相似文献
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裂隙岩体溶质运移模型研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
核废料的地下深部贮存、垃圾填埋造成的污水下渗、海水入侵、输油管道老化引起渗漏等诸多应用领域的发展,要求从机理、试验和模型等方面发展裂隙岩体溶质运移理论。基于裂隙岩体系统溶质运移的多尺度概念模型,分析了目前描述裂隙岩体系统中溶质运移各种数学模型的适用性和优缺点,为选取合理的数学模型求解具体的问题提供了参考依据。最后提出了需要进一步研究的问题。 相似文献
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Effect of vegetation on the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with lightweight expanded clay aggregates 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
M. C. Mesquita A. Albuquerque L. Amaral R. Nogueira 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(3):433-442
This research evaluates the effect of both organic and ammonia loading rates and the presence of plants on the removal of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, 2 years after the start-up. Two sets of experiments were carried out in two mesocosms at different organic and ammonia loading rates (the loads were doubled); one without plants (control bed), the other colonized with Phragmites australis. Regardless of the organic loading rate, the organic mass removal rate was improved in the presence of plants (93.4 % higher for the lower loading rate, and 56 % higher for the higher loading rate). Similar results were observed for the ammonia mass removal rate (117 % higher for the lower loading rate, and 61.3 % higher for the higher loading rate). A significant linear relationship was observed between the organic loading rate and the respective removal rates in both beds for loads between 10 and 13 g m?2 day?1. The presence of plants markedly increase removal of organic matter and ammonia, as a result of the role of roots and rhizomes in providing oxygen for aerobic removal pathways, a higher surface area for the adhesion and development of biofilm and nitrogen uptake by roots. 相似文献
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百花湖水体氮的空间分布研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
初步探讨了百花湖水体中氮的空间分布特征,并分析了氮及溶解氧(DO)的相关性。对8个站位的表层、4m、8m及12m水体中总氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮及溶解氧进行了测定。结果表明,百花湖水体中总氮的平均含量为1.18mg/L,氨氮的平均含量为0.144mg/L,硝酸盐氮的平均含量为0.20mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮的平均含量为0.018mg/L。百花湖入湖口附近的1号采样点总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮的平均浓度都较其它采样点高。分析表明百花湖中DO浓度与硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.629、-0.724。 相似文献
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R. Lalehzari S. H. Tabatabaei M. Kholghi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(6):1367-1376
Groundwater quantity and quality modeling is one approach for optimal use of available water resources in arid and semiarid regions. This study was conducted to simulate flow treatment and nitrate transport on Shahrekord aquifer using three-dimensional solute transport model and geographical information system. Hydraulic conductivity, specific yield and recharge values in flow simulation process and effect molecular diffusion coefficient, longitudinal dispersivity and distribution coefficient in quality model were calibrated. 120 water samples during July 2007 to June 2008 were collected monthly from 10 wells and measurements of nitrate were carried out. The results show that the developed model is successfully used to simulate flow path and nitrate transport in saturated porous media. The highest values of nitrate occur along Bahram–Abad village and the surroundings. The groundwater quality in the area represents a complex system, which is affected by different factors of pollution, such as urban wastewater and leaching of agricultural lands. 相似文献
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Guiyao Zhou Yanyou Wu Deke Xing Mingming Zhang Rui Yu Weiyi Qiao Qaiser Javed 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(1):64-71
This study aims to investigate the effects of region and three regional dominated mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia candel) on the distribution of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Measurement of the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and enzymatic activities was carried out in soils covered by three mangrove species in the Quanzhou Bay estuarine wetlands, a typical coastal wetland in China. Species with a higher biomass in upstream and midstream absorb more nitrogen from soils, and the retention of the available phosphorus in the soils of different regions causes the regional variation of phosphorus. In areas dominated by A. marina, nitrate nitrogen is lower while available phosphorus is higher. Meanwhile, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus are higher in the soils covered by K. candel. Moreover, all three species affect the elemental and enzymic stoichiometry. The mangrove species influences the diversity of the elemental and enzymic stoichiometric relationship through differential microenvironments, which induce the biodiversity of wetland ecosystems. Thus, this study may facilitate a better understanding of the transformation ability of mangroves to nitrogen and phosphorus and will therefore be beneficial for providing a basis for the ecological restoration of estuarine wetlands. 相似文献
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Evelyn B. Haines 《Estuaries and Coasts》1979,2(1):34-39
The amount of nitrogen present as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, dissolved organic nitrogen, and particulate nitrogen was determined for nearshore Georgia shelf waters and for tidal water inundating a 0.5 hectare dikedSpartina alterniflora salt marsh in the adjacent estuary. Concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite were comparatively low in offshore water (<2.2 μg-at N/1), and in high tide water in the marsh (<9.9 μg-at N/1). High concentrations of ammonia, up to 73.4 μg-at N/1, were measured in low tide water draining from marsh. The largest pools of nitrogen in offshore water and in high tide water in the marsh creek were dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (2.5 to 20.4 μg-at N/1) and particulate nitrogen (PN) (0.1 to 30.0 μg-at N/1). Concentrations in marsh creek water at low tide were higher, ranging from 4.4 to 38.0 μg-at N/1 for DON and from 13.0 to 239.0 μg-at N/1 for PN. Comparisons of the average concentrations of dissolved and particulate forms of nitrogen in the marsh tidal creek during flood and during ebb tide suggested no net movement of the inorganic nitrogen nutrients, a net influx of PN to the marsh, and a net outflux of DON from the marsh. 相似文献
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This study was directed toward a preliminary assessment of nitrate degradation in northeast Iowa soils. Soil experimental plots were created with variable combinations of fertilizers, ethanol, irrigation, and plant growth. The maximum average concentration of nitrate was much higher in the chemically fertilized plots (500 mg/km) than those fertilized organically (120 mg/kg). This was attributed to the excessive ammonia volatilization from the applied cow manure. Soil nitrate dropped from 155 to 50 mg/kg in a matter of 3 weeks in the deep samples of the intermittently irrigated plots. This is because higher soil moisture lowered the oxygen level, which favored denitrification. Although ethanol seemed to have restricted the release of nitrate in the manure-treated plots, the data are not conclusive. The highest degradation of soil-nitrate (lowest recovered 38 mg/kg) was observed in the plots that simultaneously grew corn, received cow manure, and were not irrigated. Soils in these plots were depleted of nitrogen by ammonia volatilization from manure, and through the uptake by corn plants. Nitrification of organic nitrogen to nitrate was restricted in plots that were left without irrigation. Rain events helped nitrification on the surface, but promoted denitrification at depth. 相似文献
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在青海海北高寒矮嵩草草甸设置封育禁牧(CK)、轻牧(LG)、中牧(MG)和重牧(HG)放牧梯度试验样地, 进行了土壤速效氮变化特征及影响因素的分析. 结果表明: 植物生长期的5-9月, 土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和速效氮(NH4+-N和NO3--N之和)含量季节变化明显, 基本表现为植物生长初期高, 末期低. CK、LG、MG和HG条件下, 5-9月0~40 cm土壤NH4+-N平均含量分别为17.62 mg·kg-1、17.84 mg·kg-1、18.63 mg·kg-1和16.67 mg·kg-1, NO3--N平均含量为8.91 mg·kg-1、8.23 mg·kg-1、7.99 mg·kg-1和7.94 mg·kg-1, 速效氮平均含量为26.53 mg·kg-1、26.07 mg·kg-1、26.62 mg·kg-1和24.61 mg·kg-1, 基本表现出随放牧强度增大而降低. 土壤速效氮月际变化与地上绿体生物量具有一定的负相关关系, 表明地上生物量越大, 消耗土壤速效氮越趋明显; 与枯落物有一定的正相关关系, 与地下生物量关系不甚明显, 与湿沉降呈现负的相关性. 土壤NH4+-N含量与土壤有机碳有负相关关系, 而NO3--N含量与有机碳相关性差, 表明土壤有机碳越高, 土壤NH4+-N消耗越明显. 相似文献
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目前针对喀斯特山区及平原过渡带天然河流硝酸盐的来源识别与追踪的研究鲜有报道,也较少考虑湿润气候区反季节性干旱气候特征对硝酸盐迁移规律的影响.以汉江二级支流泉水河流域为例,分析了从源头喀斯特地区、中间过渡区、平原区地表水和地下水硝酸盐含量及组成的空间变化,采用氮氧同位素识别地表水和地下水硝酸盐来源,利用SIAR模型定量计算各污染源的贡献率.结果表明:土壤有机氮、污水粪便、化肥和大气沉降对地下水硝酸盐来源贡献占比分别为31.4%、20.0%、29.6%和19.0%,对地表水硝酸盐来源的比例分别为32.0%、30.0%、25.0%和13.0%,污水粪便对地表水硝酸盐贡献比例较地下水增高;坝上水样因水体较大,自净能力较强,受污水粪便的影响很小（仅为9.0%）,坝上水样硝酸盐土壤有机氮、大气沉降和化肥的贡献占比分别为43.0%、11.0%和37.0%.枯水期河水主要由地下水缓慢补给,无地表径流汇入,土壤有机氮为河流主要的硝酸盐来源,河流中下游更易受人类活动影响,生活污水和化肥对河流硝酸盐贡献增大. 相似文献