共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
ZHANG Chun-chao LI Xiang-quan GAO Ming HOU Xin-wei LIU Ling-xia WANG Zhen-xing MA Jian-fei 《地下水科学与工程》2017,5(3):222-234
In Yuqia Basin, the climate is arid and the ecologic environment is fragile, and shortage of water resources has seriously restricted the sustainable development of local economy. In order to meet the needs of industrial and domestic water in the Yuqia Basin, numerical simulation was used to evaluate the groundwater resources and potential for exploitation. The results showed that the mathematical model and calculation parameters used were mainly in accordance with practical situation. The calculated value of the underground water level is consistent with measured value during the period of identification and validation. The total recharge of groundwater resources was 22.02×10~4 m~3/d, and the total drainage was 21.95×10~4 m~3/d at present. The Yuqia River leakage is the main supply source of groundwater. There is no significant effect on area of wetland when water source place exploited by 2.5×10~4 m~3/d at alluvial-diluvial fan of Yuqia River. After long-term exploitation, the spring flow reduces from 1.42×10~4 m~3/d to 1.01×10~4 m~3/d and wetland area reduces by 32.7% of original area. The calculation of water balance shows that it is safe to the Yuqia Basin, Da Qiadam Lake, the Mahai Basin at downstream of Yuqia River and wetland under the condition of water source place exploited by 2.5×10~4 m~3/d. 相似文献
2.
根据马莲河流域水资源总量极端贫乏、年际年内分配不均、常规水资源量低、水污染问题较严重等特点,利用系统分析理论和优化技术建立了流域的大系统、多目标水资源优化配置模型,并利用优化的NSGA-Ⅱ方法进行求解,得到流域2020年期望水资源配置下的最佳分配方案为:流域总供水量57 086×104m3,工业供水量21 690×104m3(总产值约为144.6亿元),能源基地供水量4 329×104m3(总产值约为346.32万元),农业供水量20 840×104m3,生活供水量9 452×104m3,生态供水量811×104m3。对比期望方案供水量增加了6 710×104m3,综合缺水率减少了11.41%。并根据预测的流域的分配方案和预测的流域需水量,进行了流域的水资源平衡分析,通过平衡分析的结果进行流域的综合管理研究。2020年在最优水资源分配方案下,工业缺水率3.21%、减少了4.51%;能源基地缺水率0.00%;农业缺水率4.64%、缺水率增加26.17%;生活缺水率0.00%;生态缺水率1.00%、缺水率增加了1.00%。配置方案实现了流域内水资源的最佳分配,使宝贵、有限的水资源产生最大的社会、经济及环境效益,为流域经济、能源产业的快速发展提供水资源保障。 相似文献
3.
通过对昌马水库运行前后不同时期疏勒河流域各盆地河水—地下水相互转化的论述,详细对地下水补给量及其各主要补给项的变化原因进行了对比分析,流域地下水补给资源总体呈减少趋势,地下水的补给条件与更新能力被削弱。昌马水库运行后,中游玉门踏实盆地地下水补给量大幅减少,比上世纪60年代、90年代末分别减少了3.11×108m3、2.95×108m3,下游安西敦煌、花海盆地地下水补给量小幅增加。中游盆地泉水溢出量大幅衰减,与60年代比削减了53.2%。 相似文献
4.
5.
水库拦沙是金沙江下游沙量减小的主要原因,对三峡水库的入库水沙条件产生了重要影响。为了系统掌握金沙江流域水库拦沙情况,基于1956年以来流域内水库及实测水沙资料,采用经验公式、典型调查以及输沙平衡原理相结合的方法,对近60年不同阶段金沙江中下游的水库拦沙情况以及水库建设对金沙江流域减沙贡献权重进行了定量研究。结果表明:1956-1990年、1991-2005年和2006-2015年水库拦沙对屏山站的减沙权重分别为0.3%、48%和83%,可见水库拦沙作用逐步增强;1956-2015年,金沙江流域水库年均拦沙0.310亿t,其中大型水库拦沙量占总拦沙量的89%,尤其是2011年以来,随着金沙江中下游以及雅砻江梯级水库群的陆续建成,流域内水库群年均拦沙量达1.92亿t,对屏山站同期年均输沙量的减少权重在90%以上。 相似文献
6.
本文首先提出了河流泥沙输移过程中泥沙中的钙镁矿物溶蚀消耗水体中的CO2并具有碳汇功能的观点。基于前人长江干流从源头到入海口和支流2003~2007年期间4次河流悬移质泥沙的化学元素组成和矿物组成资料,分析悬移质中CaO、MgO含量和方解石、白云石含量变化特征,定量计算了这些取样点悬移质泥沙的CO2总碳汇能力和非永久性、永久性碳汇能力,分析了不同碳汇能力沿程变化规律及其原因。碳汇计算结果表明：寸滩—大通河段1956~2000年期间泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀产生的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量分别为2572万t/a、1700万t/a和872万t/a。由于输沙量减少,寸滩站—大通站河段的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量2006~2019年期间较1956~2000年期间相应分别减少了1852万t、1224万t和872万t。三峡水库年均淤积量1. 145亿t,损失总碳汇量675. 6万t,相当于三峡电站减排二氧化碳8580万t的7. 9%。全球河流入海年输沙量126. 1亿t,以寸滩- 吴淞口河段碳汇功能0. 060 t/t计,总碳汇量7. 57亿t相当于全球岩石风化碳汇总量10. 56亿t CO2的71. 6%。河流泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀的碳汇量具有重要的作用,其溶蚀速率大于原地风化。 相似文献
7.
山东即墨温泉是胶东三大氯化物温泉之一,为中氡地热水,具有较高的医用价值。目前温泉可采资源量占总量的56%,开采潜力较高,但由于旅游业的大力发展,大规模开发地热水造成地下水水位从1992年至今水位下降近20 m,矿化度及氯、钠离子变化不大,说明监测井位置海水入侵程度较低。同时,通过计算得出,即墨温泉可利用热能资源量1. 28×1015 J,相当于8. 79×104 t标准煤的热量,地下热水储量为0. 68×108 m3,地下水可采资源量为1075. 31 m3/d。并通过modflow软件模拟开发条件进行评价,提出了月开采量的合理化建议：即每年12月~次年3月开采量为1450 m3/d,4月~6月开采量为450 m3/d,7月~11月开采量为100 m3/d。 相似文献
8.
【研究目的】格尔木市地处柴达木盆地南缘，是青藏高原上正在崛起的新兴城市，随着各个工业园区的建设及中国最大的钾肥生产基地的建成，地下水资源的重要作用更加凸显，查明其地下水资源量对工矿企业及钾肥生产基地的运行至关重要。【研究方法】基于资料收集、动态长观、钻孔抽水试验等手段，采用补给量总和法以及排泄量总和法结合数值模拟等方法，评价了区域地下水天然资源量及允许开采量。【研究结果】格尔木河冲洪积扇地下水天然资源量为199.8×104 m3/d，允许开采量为100×104 m3/d。【结论】格尔木地区存在百万吨级的地下水源，6座水源（已建/在建/规划）规划开采量达百万吨时，地下水有充足的补给保证，可持续稳定开采。最终提交了B+C级地下水储量100×104 m3/d的百万吨级地下水源。创新点：基于最新一次的地下水详查工作，完善了区域地下水流模型；在设定模型入境水量场景时，采用“丰枯年组合”的方法，充分考验了含水层的调节能力和连枯年持续供水能力，评价的结果可信度高。 相似文献
9.
The Onyx River (Wright Valley, Antarctica) is a dilute meltwater stream originating in the vicinity of the Wright Lower Glacier. It acquires a significant fraction of its salt content when glacial meltwaters contact Wright Valley soils at Lake Brownworth and the concentrations of all ions increase with distance along the 28-km channel down to Lake Vanda. Average millimolar concentrations of major ions at the Vanda weir during the 1980–1981 flow season were: Ca = 0.119; Mg = 0.061; Na = 0.212; K = 0.033; Q = 0.212; SO4 = 0.045; HCO3 = 0.295; and SiO2 = 0.049. Based on the flow measurements of Chinn (1982), this amounts to an annual flux (in moles) to Lake Vanda of: Ca = 0.238 × 106; Mg = 0.122 × 106; Na = 0.424 × 106; K = 0.066 × 106; Cl = 0.424 × 106; SO4 = 0.09 × 106; HCO3 = 0.59 × 106; SiO2 = 0.098 × 106.In spite of the large salt input from this source, equilibrium evaporation of Onyx River water would have resulted in early calcite deposition and in the formation of a Na-Mg-Cl-HCO3 brine rather than in the Ca-Na-Mg-Cl waters observed in Lake Vanda. The river alone could not have produced a brine having the qualitative geochemical features of the lower saline waters of Lake Vanda.It is proposed that the Vanda brine is instead the result of past ( > 1200 yrs BP) mixing events between Onyx River inflows and calcium chloride-rich deep groundwaters derived from the Don Juan Basin. The mixing model presented here shows that the Onyx River is the major contributor of K, HCO3, SO4, and (possibly) Mg found in the lake and a significant contributor (approximately one half) of the observed Na. Calcium and Cl, on the other hand, came largely from deep groundwater sources in the Don Juan Basin. All concentrations except Mg are well predicted by this model. The chemical composition of the geologically recent upper lake is explained in terms of ionic diffusion from the pre-formed brine, coupled with Onyx River inflow. Ionic ratios calculated from this latter model are in very good agreement with those observed in the lake at 35 meters. 相似文献
10.
Previous studies have shown that brines in an Ordovician paleokarst reservoir of the Lunnan oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, are the product of mixing of paleo-evaporated seawater in the east with paleometeoric waters in the west. In order to put time constraints on the brine and related hydrocarbons in this field, 10 brine samples were collected, for which the iodine concentrations and 129I/I ratios were measured and discussed. The iodine concentration (3.70–31.2 mg/L) and the 129I/I ratio (189–897 × 10−15) show that the iodine in the paleoseawater and meteoric water (MW) had different origins and 129I characteristics. The paleoseawater has a high iodine content (∼31 mg/L), indicating that iodine was introduced into the reservoir along with thermally generated hydrocarbons, possibly in the Cretaceous, from the Caohu Sag in the eastern area. Based on consideration of all possible origins of iodine and 129I in the brines, it is suggested that the meteoric water maintained its initial iodine content (0.01 mg/L) and 129I/I ratio (1500 × 10−15), whereas the iodine-enriched paloseawater (IPSW) exhibited a secular 129I equilibrium (Nsq = 39 atom/μL) as a result of fissiogenic 129I input in the reservoir over a long period of time. The model of brine evolution developed on that basis confirmed that meteoric water entered the reservoir in the Miocene at about 10 Ma, and partially mixed with the iodine-enriched paleoseawater. The movement of meteoric water was facilitated by faults created during the Himalayan orogeny, then became more dense after dissolving Paleogene halite and infiltrated into the reservoir at high pressure. The iodine and 129I concentration in the brine contains information about the path and history of the fluid in the reservoir. This may be useful in oil exploration, since the movement of water was, to some extent, related to hydrocarbon migration. 相似文献
11.
柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖赋存储量可观的低品位固体钾盐矿, 其主要的开发方式为液化开采。本文对比分析了霍布逊区段盐湖资源大规模开采前(2004年)和开采后(2011年和2019年)典型钻孔岩芯孔隙度、固体钾矿含量、卤水组分变化特征, 评价了钾盐液化开采效率。结果表明: 由于大规模采卤使得大量高矿化度卤水被带出, 而低矿化度水体补给储卤层孔隙并溶解盐层中盐类矿物, 使得储卤层孔隙率有逐渐增大趋势; 卤水中主要组分KCl和NaCl浓度均出现降低现象, 而MgCl2则出现增加趋势, 这主要与补水工程及补给水体中兑卤有关。在这期间, 卤水矿中KCl品位下降幅度要小于固体矿床KCl品位下降幅度, 说明卤水溶解了石盐层中大量固体低品位钾矿, 提升了其KCl品位。本次研究对于优化霍布逊区段固体钾盐液化开采方案具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
12.
榆神矿区的供水水源选择 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
矿区开发的初期用水可以利用烧变岩地下水,日供水能力约为6万~7万m3/d,中长期供水选择矿区外围的第四系萨拉乌苏组和洛河组地下水。同时,矿井水可以通过自然下渗后补给地下水,丰富地下水资源,保证矿区开发用水和保护环境。 相似文献
13.
Qaidam Basin is a hyperarid inland basin with an area of 121 × 103 km2 located on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Today, one fourth of the basin is covered by playas and hypersaline lakes. Nearly 80% of brine lithium found in China is contained in four salt lakes: Bieletan (BLT), DongTaijinaier (DT), XiTaijinaier (XT) and Yiliping (YLP). In the past decade, great attention was paid to improving the technology for the extraction of lithium from the brine deposits, but studies on origin and mode of formation of the brine deposits remained limited. Our recent investigations found that: (1) ~ 748.8 t of lithium was transported annually into the lower catchment of the four salt lakes via the Hongshui–Nalinggele River (H–N River), the largest river draining into the Qaidam Basin, (2) Li+-rich brines are formed only in salt lakes associated with inflowing rivers with Li+ concentrations greater than 0.4 mg/L, and (3) the water Li+ concentration is positively correlated with both the inflowing river and the associated subsurface brine, including saline lakes with low lithium concentrations. These findings clearly indicate that long-term input of Li+ from the H–N River controls the formation of lithium brine deposits. Here we determine that the source of the lithium is from hydrothermal fields where two active faults converge in the upper reach of the Hongshui River. The hydrothermal fields are associated with a magmatic heat source, as suggested by the high Li+ and As3 + content water from geysers. Based on the assumption of a constant rate of lithium influx, we estimate that the total reserves of lithium were likely formed since the postglacial period. Our data indicate that lithium reserves in each of the four salt lakes depend on the influx of Li+-bearing water from the H–N River. The data also suggest that during the progradation of the alluvial Fan I, the H–N River drained mostly into the BLT salt lake until the Taijinaier River shifted watercourse to the north and began to feed the salt lakes of the DT, XT and YLP, alongside with the Fan II progradation. The inference is consistent with stratigraphic evidence from the sediment cores of the four salt lakes. One of the major findings of our work is the importance of the contrasting hydroclimatic conditions between the high mountains containing ice caps and the terminal salt lakes. The greater than 4000 m of relief in the watershed enables a massive amount of ions, such as K+, to be weathered and transported together with detrital material from the huge, relatively wet alpine regions to the hyperarid terminal basins, where intense evaporation rapidly enriches the lake water, resulting in evaporite deposition and associated K+- and Li+-rich brine deposits. 相似文献
14.
R. I. McLean J. K. Summers C. R. Olsen S. L. Domotor I. L. Larsen H. Wilson 《Estuaries and Coasts》1991,14(2):148-156
The Susquehanna River is the major contributor to sediment loadings in the Chesapeake Bay. Because many environmental contaminants are associated with suspended particulates, the degree of particle retention within the reservoirs of the lower Susquehanna River is an important consideration in evaluating contaminant loadings to the Chesapeake Bay. Profiles of weapons-test Cs-137, nuclear power plant-related Cs-134 and Cs-137, and naturally-derived Pb-120 were used to estimate rates of sediment accretion in the conowingo Reservioir, an impoundment of the Susquehanna River along the Maryland-Pennsylvania border. Net accretion rates ranged from about 2 cm yr?1 downstream of a nuclear power plant cooling discharge to a high of about 7 cm yr?1 at the mount of an incoming creek. Slight, but consistent, increases in the annual rate of accretion since the creation of the reservoir in 1928 are apparent. The current net average annual sediment load reatined by the reservoir is estimated to be 0.4×106 to 1.5 × 106 metric tons yr?1. The retained sediment load represents about 8–23% of the long-time average sediment input to the reservoir. 相似文献
15.
我国柴达木盆地蕴藏着丰富且极具开发潜力的卤水钾锂资源,但随着产能的不断扩大和持续开发,浅部易开采的优质资源不断减少,走向深部开采成为必然选择。与浅部相比,盐湖深部卤水储层质量相对较差,富水性弱且不稳定,开采难度极大。本文以查明察尔汗盐湖别勒滩区段深部卤水储层特征为目的,通过分析钻孔岩性和物性数据,研究了别勒滩区段深部卤水储层的平面分布特征和厚度变化规律,结果表明研究区以东南部储层厚度最大且石盐岩储层质量最优。卤水储层三维建模研究显示,富锂卤水主要分布在研究区中北部,南部锂含量相对较低;平面上第Ⅱ含矿层在中部石盐厚度大且粉砂和黏土夹层少,有利于卤水的开采。 相似文献
16.
以钦州市为例,根据1956～2016年月降雨、径流数据,采用双累积曲线(DMC)模型和蒸发差值法计算地表水资源量,采用剔除入海河流感潮河段水量及汛期河道内最小生态水量的改进扣损法和直接法综合分析地表水资源可利用量。结果表明:钦州市地表水资源量在106.573～111.216×10~8m~3范围内,地表水资源可利用量为38.444×10~8m~3,占比地表水资源总量的34.6%。钦州市水量相对丰富,但水资源可利用量并不富裕且时空分布不均。空间上,独流入海河流分区地表水资源可利用量最多,南流江分区次之,郁江干流分区最少;时间上,19条流域汛期水量高达81.949×10~8m~3,其中难以控制利用量为62.272×10~8m~3,有35.823×10~8m~3经入海河流直接外排入海;4.973×10~8m~3为感潮河段咸水难以利用;调水工程的规划与建设为改善河道环境、缓解供需矛盾方面起到积极作用。 相似文献
17.
西南岩溶区矿山与水污染问题探讨及建议 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国西南石山连片分布的岩溶区,总面积约100万km2,其中裸露岩溶区面积约62万km2,这里虽然年降水量在1000 mm以上,但由于岩溶强烈发育,降水很快转化为地下径流,通过众多岩溶地下河排入位于深切峡谷的大江大河里。该区地形西高东低,西部为云贵高原,东部为低山丘陵区,中部是过渡的斜坡地带。云贵高原处于生态屏障区,是长江和珠江的分水岭。该区矿产资源丰富,如贵州的煤矿、稀有金属、磷矿等;广西的有色金属、锰矿、铝土矿等。采、选矿产生的尾砂及废水,如果处理不当,会污染地表水和地下水,北面影响长江流域,南面影响珠江流域。2008—2010年间,"西南岩溶石山地区重大环境地质问题及对策研究"项目专家组先后几次对岩溶石山区部分矿产开采点引发的水环境污染问题进行考察,认为由于不规范、不合理的矿产开发带来的水环境问题依然比较严重,是影响该地区可持续发展的重大环境地质问题之一。 相似文献
18.
为深入评估中国南方陆地风化过程及河流物质循环过程, 通过测定西江主要干、支流丰水期及枯水期水体主要离子和锶及其同位素比值, 结合Galy模型对西江流域化学风化特征及CO2消耗通量进行计算。结果表明: (1)西江流域化学风化受人类活动的影响较小, 流域化学风化过程主要受到碳酸的控制。(2)河水阳离子的主要物质来源为硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩风化, 硅酸盐岩在丰水期和枯水期的阳离子物质来源摩尔占比均为0.04, 碳酸盐岩中石灰岩占比分别为0.79和0.78, 白云岩分别为0.17和0.18。(3)西江流域在丰水期和枯水期的化学风化过程具有一定的差异性, 由于硫酸参与白云岩的风化作用影响碳酸盐岩风化过程中的CO2消耗通量, 导致各个化学风化过程所涉及的CO2通量有所差别。(4)碳酸风化碳酸盐岩在丰水期和枯水期所消耗的CO2通量分别为(0.78~244.25)×106 mol/km2/yr和(0.10~49.16)×106 mol/km2/yr, 硫酸风化碳酸盐岩所产生的CO2通量分别为(0.25~42.16)×106 mol/km2/yr和(0.01~13.90)×106 mol/km2/yr, 碳酸风化硅酸盐岩所消耗CO2通量的分别为(0.05~17.83)×106 mol/km2/yr和(0.02~6.07)×106 mol/km2/yr。 相似文献
19.
锂资源主要分为盐湖型和花岗伟晶岩型两种。文章在作者多年从事有关研究工作的基础上，参阅大量文献，简要介绍了我国盐湖锂资源产出的地质，地理特征与相关主要盐湖锂资源的开发进程，指出我国有丰富的盐湖锂资源，近年来随着提取技术近于成熟，扎布耶盐湖已有具市场竞争的开发技术框架，相关的方法亦趋于成熟，具有变经济优势的前景；班戈湖－杜佳里湖区锂资源提取技术的研究刚刚开发，但已显良好势头，东台吉乃尔湖锂资源的提取技术需完善及改善，西藏扎仓茶卡和鄂雅错－比洛错锂资源提取技术正处于探索之中，最后提出了对我国盐湖锂资源开发的三点建议。 相似文献