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1.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):201-215
While the United Kingdom's emerging brand of Third Way Urban Policy (TWUP) often associates itself with a kind of anarchic vision of self-regulating and self-reproducing local communities, it can in fact be thought of as a thinly veiled moral crusade against vulnerable residents living in deprived neighborhoods. Indeed TWUP might be best conceived as a "flanking support" for the neoliberal turn in urban governance in British cities; morally commendable communities are defined as those who can reattach themselves to the "mainstream" and stand on their own two feet within the terms set by neoliberal market economics. When these morally charged interventions fail to connect locally, they have the potential to stir conflict over who has the authority to judge forms of community life. Mapping and accounting for the uneven development of moral conflicts over community is therefore a pressing concern. To this end, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the different ways in which moral disputes over community have surfaced in two neighborhoods, in particular—the Gorbals in central Glasgow and Ballymun in north Dublin, neighborhoods that have become iconic of the British approach to urban renewal. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(3):189-201
Significant housing discrimination against Blacks continues to exist in Metropolitan Miami, as it does in most other large United States cities. Blacks in Miami live in neighborhoods that are not nearly as segregated by socioeconomic status as are Hispanic and non-Hispanic White neighborhoods. This study uses data derived from interviews of 432 Black heads of households living in Miami neighborhoods that are at least 50% Black. Although most of the African Americans interviewed said they think their neighborhood is desirable and said they want to live where they do, it is clear that they are not living where they most prefer. They live in predominantly Black neighborhoods because they feel unwelcome in White neighborhoods and they fear housing discrimination in the latter. Among other problems, the continued residential concentration of Blacks in predominantly Black neighborhoods of mixed socioeconomic status in Miami results in a bidding up of the price of housing that is left for the less affluent Blacks. 相似文献
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基于2007年的统计数据,从经济发展水平、产业结构、就业结构和空间结构4个方面,对云南省和所有16个市州级区域的工业化水平进行分析评价。根据经典工业化理论选定区域工业化综合评价体系的构成指标,引用中国社会科学院陈佳贵等著名学者所构建的判断中国地区工业化进程中不同阶段的标志值作为判断云南省和各市州工业化进程不同阶段的标志值,运用层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,采用加法合成法来构造计算反映云南省和各市州工业化进程的综合指数。根据综合指数判断云南省和各市州工业化所处的阶段,分析出云南省区域工业化进程的区域分异结构特征,为深入研究云南省区域经济发展、制定战略政策以及空间管制提供依据。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):284-291
The fiscal-disparities approach to understanding the fiscal problems of many older American central cities neglects the role of property-tax exemptions. This paper, grounded in the metropolitan fiscal setting of Onondaga County and Syracuse, New York, outlines an argument that emphasizes the link between property-tax exemptions, city age, and regional centrality. Central cities are seen as suffering from fiscal burdens imposed partly by their growth as regional centers. It is concluded that, when the financial problems of central cities are being examined, these cities should not be treated as fiscal equivalents to other metropolitan political units but that due regard should be given to their particular historical development. 相似文献
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THE DEPENDENCE OF THE ANNUAL TOTAL ON THE NUMBER OF RAIN‐SPELLS AND THEIR YIELD IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Rain‐spells are a key parameter for examining the variation in rainfall amounts, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas. A rain‐spell is defined as a period of consecutive days with rainfall above a certain determined Daily Rainfall Threshold (DRT). Two different seasons or two stations may have the same average TOTAL, but different synoptic conditions are the cause for the differences in their Number of Rain‐Spells (NRS) their Rain‐Spells Yield (RSY) or both. The present study examines whether a season is drier/wetter according to its length, or whether it depends on the NRS in 41 Mediterranean stations. It analyses the relationships between dry/wet seasons and various elements of the rain‐spells. These objectives are analysed both at a basin level of the entire Mediterranean, and at a station level. The main conclusions at the basin level are that precipitation amounts are not related to the length of the seasons, and therefore, a Short or a Long season can be either Dry or Wet. The significant positive correlation between the TOTAL and the annual NRS that was found indicates that a Dry season tends to have Few rain‐spells and a Wet season tends to have Many rain‐spells. At the station level of most stations, a Dry or Wet season is caused mainly by changes in the RSY and less so by changes in the NRS. This tendency is more evident in the southern Mediterranean. Furthermore, Wet seasons are characterized by an increase in the number of Long rain‐spells (longer than three days) and mainly in the RSY of these spells. These conclusions may serve to characterize the rainfall regime under any scenario due to a climatic change. 相似文献
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This paper examines two propositions in the creative-class debate in the context of China’s large cities. The first evaluates Richard Florida’s contention that creative workers enjoy higher level of well-being and are happier than blue-collar workers. The second investigates the influence of urban amenities, lifestyle, and work on creative workers’ happiness. Both propositions are analyzed in relation to China’s post-Socialist, industrial, and mining cities. Based on data from a household survey, the results indicate that Chinese creative workers are indeed happier in post-Socialist, or service-sector oriented, cities. However, creative work does not explain their happiness. Stable social sites that reinforce authentic experience of urban cultural amenities (e.g. the teahouse rather than modern coffeehouses, bars, and theaters) are a significant factor for creative-class happiness in post-Socialist Chinese cities. However, creative work is more likely to explain creative-class happiness in mining cities. Further, our study found that blue-collar workers report a higher level of happiness in those settings with less pronounced inter- and intra-class distinctions at the workplace—in those places where power and status are more evenly distributed. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(1):70-90
In three recent papers, Bourne has suggested that the rate of gentrification in Canadian cities will decline, for both demand and supply reasons, notwithstanding economic recovery in the mid- 1990s. This prognosis for Canadian cities is so much at odds with the activity currently being generated in the upper-income housing markets at the center of the five largest Australian cities that it invites further investigation. Evidence is presented of recovery in the inner-suburban terrace housing submarket, and what began as countercyclical investment in the Australian equivalent of the loft-conversion and condominium submarkets. This latest phase of residential revitalization in the inner city heralds a trend to higher-value, high-rise living at the center of Australian cities. By the early 1990s enough Australians had become conditioned to inner-area living to provide optimism about the underlying demand, while the projected yields brought condominium development into the realm of financial feasibility. But concerted government action also was necessary to prime the core-area market for residential project development at the time (1991–1993). This raises a series of interesting questions about the advisability of state governments pursuing a property-led development strategy in recovery when the Anglo-American experience suggests that it might be short-lived at best. Lastly, some consideration is given to the implications for gentrification research and theory of possible divergence through the 1990s in the experience of North American and Australian cities. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(1):55-79
Relatively few factorial ecologies have explored either the consistency of the social dimensionality of urban areas in more than a few cities or the separation of city-specific from general effects. This study of almost 3,000 census tracts in all 24 Canadian metropolitan areas (CMAs) used 35 variables from 198 1 census data to solve these problems. It shows there is a persistent similarity in six of the seven to nine dimensions found in separate analyses of three city size categories: over 1 million; 0.5-1 million; 100-500 thousand people. From this basis a combined study of all the centers shows that 85% of the variability can be summarized by nine dimensions called Economic Status, Impoverishment, Ethnicity, Early and Late Family, Family/Age, Pre-Family, Non-Family, Housing, and Migrant Status. The evidence for several different family-related axes illustrates the increasing complexity of the social dimensionality of modern cities based on family differentiation. F-ratio values and Eta coefficients are used to show that all the first-order axes, except Migration and Ethnicity, have much greater variability within, rather than between the cities, demonstrating the general rather than the city-specific nature of these dimensions. An analysis of the highest scoring tracts on the axes demonstrates the way in which some CMAs have relatively high incidences of some of the characteristics, thereby identifying the particular characteristics of many centers. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(3):205-229
The public profile of the U.S. Supreme Court has rarely been as high as it is now. The replacement of retiring judges with Republican-nominated conservatives over the past decade combined with a series of contentious decisions regarding minority rights and affirmative action in the nation's cities have again raised doubts about the legitimacy of the Court. With respect to the Court's recent decision in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., this paper considers the theoretical logic behind three strategies of legitimization: (1) the idealization of law as a political institution; (2) the idealization of law as a superior mode of reasoning; and (3) the idealization of law as an ethical blueprint for society. Understanding the logic and limits of these strategies in the context of urban racial justice is the goal of this paper. In doing so, however, it is argued that all three strategies make too powerful claims about the theoretical virtues of their approaches to the law. Notwithstanding the virtues of theory, there may be no substitute for a moral commitment to others. 相似文献
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DANIEL W. GADE 《Geographical review》2010,100(2):152-175
The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) falls into a category of wild organisms, called “synanthropes,” that have developed an affinity for, or dependency on, human interventions in the landscape. The distribution and numbers of crows in North America east of the Mississippi River have been largely tied to the anthropogenic fragmentation of the forest. As ground feeders, crows need open space for foraging, but they also need trees for nesting and roosting. Conflicts between corvids and people centered on the former's damage to agriculture. Both Native American peoples and Euro‐American settlers sought to thwart corvine preference for maize through a series of ingenious measures. After 1950 rural concern about corvine depredations greatly diminished. The appearance of large winter roosts in cities shifted the conflict with crows. Like humans, crows have undergone change, and their synanthropic character can be seen as fundamental to their biogeography. 相似文献
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湖南省主要城市大气环境质量状况分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
根据近两年《环境保护报》每周一次的湖南省主要城市空气质量周报资料，采用综合污染指数法，统计分析出湖南省13个主要城市空气质量总体较好，在Ⅱ级标准以内。TSP为首要污染物，SO2为第二污染物，NOx污染轻微，且冬季污染高于夏季；同时大气环境质量与城市工业化水平和以煤为主的能源结构密切相关，并具有区域性和季节性的差异，长沙、株洲、湘潭和娄底污染严重，趋于Ⅲ级际准，永州、张家界空气质量较优，接近Ⅰ级标准，其它城市居中。在分析湖南省大气污染原因和特征的基础上，提出调整能源结构，加强污染治理以及城市绿化等措施，以提高城市大气环境质量，保证经济可持续发展。 相似文献
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安徽省人居环境空间差异分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
当今世界,随着城市化、工业化的高度发展,人们的生活水平不断提高,但一系列环境问题也随之出现并严重威胁着人类的健康和生存.人居环境的建设逐步成为学术界关注的焦点与重点领域之一.笔者选取安徽省13个城市,利用主成分分析和聚类分析的方法对安徽省的人居环境进行评价,建立了人居环境综合评价指标体系.经过分析,将13个城市分为4个类型,最后根据问题提出对策. 相似文献
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中国城市体系的工业职能结构 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
本文应用聚类分析方法对中国城市市区的工业职能进行了分类,并结合纳尔逊统计分析方法对聚类分析结果作了适当调整及补充,将中国1984年295个城市分成四个大类、十八个亚类和四十三个职能组。在工业职能分类的基础上,通过16个工业部门在全部城市中的分布特点的分析,初步概括了中国城市体系工业职能结构的特征。最后,运用分类结果,对中国城市工业的经济效盆从投入、产出两个方面进行了应用研究。 相似文献
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长株潭城镇群体空间结构优化研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
长株潭地区现有3个地级市、4个县级市、177个建制镇及360多个集镇,是湖南省城镇发育水平最高的区域,也是我国中南部地区极富个性的城镇密集区。核心城市三足鼎立,“井”字形城镇轴带组合初具规模,南部地区缺乏次级中心城市、空间演化处于集聚-扩散阶段是该区城镇群体空间结构的基本特征。研究认为,为实现长株潭城镇群体空间结构的整体优化,应构建由四级中心构成的城镇等级系统、由三级轴构成的城镇轴带系统以及由3个圈层构成的圈层结构,应合理布局市（镇）际绿色开敞空间并加速通道网络建设。 相似文献
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Stephanie Buechler 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):295-297
This article examines the former location-based social medium Brightkite, over its three-year life span, based on the concept of natural cities. The term natural cities refers to spatially clustered geographic events, such as the agglomerated patches aggregated from individual social media users’ locations. We applied the head/tail division rule to derive natural cities, based on the fact that there are far more low-density areas than high-density areas on the Earth's surface. More specifically, we generated a triangulated irregular network, made up of individual unique user locations, and then categorized small triangles (smaller than an average) as natural cities for the United States (mainland) on a monthly basis. The concept of natural cities provides a powerful means to develop new insights into the evolution of real cities, because there are virtually no data available to track the history of cities across their entire life spans and at very fine spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, natural cities can act as a good proxy of real cities, in the sense of understanding underlying interactions, at a global level, rather than of predicting cities, at an individual level. Apart from the data produced and the contributed methods, we established new insights into the structure and dynamics of natural cities; for example, the idea that natural cities evolve in nonlinear manners at both spatial and temporal dimensions. 相似文献
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崔功豪 《云南地理环境研究》1990,2(2):36-41
建国以来,尤其是近十年来,中国城市取得了很大发展。但从数量上、质量(结构、功能、水平)上均与经济社会发展要求和现实需要相距甚远。未来十年是中国城市走向现代化的关键时期,中国城市应当走稳定、提高、发展的道路。因此应当有计划地设置城市,加快培育区域核心城市,促进新的城市空间组织的形成发展,积极引导以县城为中心的小城镇建设,提高现有城市的设施和管理水平。城市地理学要加强微观的、各类城市的典型调查和深层研究,着力探索中国城市发展规律,进一步深化城市规划的应用实践,努力进行学科理论和方法论总结的研究。 相似文献
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建国以来中国新城市设置 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
近１５年来中国经济对外开放促进了新城市的增长,然而,有关中国城市化研究显示较好的英文数据库短缺,且一些分析结果不够全面,文章对中国新城市的设置进行分析,同时也试图对影响中国新城市设置的因素和政策进行评述。 相似文献
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我国城市经济影响区域系统的初步分析 总被引：36，自引：5，他引：36
城市经济影响能力取决于城市投资集聚能力、市场集聚规模和技术、经济的水平状况。对15个经济变量所作的主因子分析表明:我国城市经济活动的差异主要受城市经济活动规模的制约。技术、经济水平差异有一定的影响,但影响不大。目前我国已形成5级区域经济影响中心,七个一级城市经济影响区域。 相似文献