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1.
This study reveals some disturbing facts about the status of minorities in geography in the United States. The three underrepresented minority groups comprise only about 3% of the total geography population in the sample. This does not reflect well on geography, a discipline whose cultural and regional roots are as diverse as its subjects of study. It is important to increase minority participation in geography in order to diversify the discipline as well as allow minority students to enhance their spatial skills such as an understanding of the earth, cultural patterns, and political issues at the local, national, and global levels. If the discipline continues to neglect the need to provide a quality geographic education to minority students, it will forsake not only one of its major missions of spreading global knowledge to all, but will lose its market share of the growing minority student population. This paper describes the extent of minority underrepresentation in geography and provides a set of general recommendations, including a call for a national conference and formation of a high-level committee to deal with the issue of increased minority participation in geography. 相似文献
2.
Urbanization of Capital or Capitalization on Urban Land? Land Development and Local Public Finance in Urbanizing China 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
《Urban geography》2013,34(1):50-79
This study examines the relationship between urban land development and municipal finance in a Chinese regional economy undergoing rapid urbanization. Drawing upon insights from the perspective of political economy, this study analyzes how municipalities in coastal Jiangsu Province have engaged in the land-dominated urbanization process, and the developmental landscape that has emerged from the new approach toward local public finance. Land development has not functioned simply as a passive outcome of urbanization, but has been actively pursued by local governments as a means of revenue generation to finance local economic growth. An inverse correlation is found between the growth of land conveyance income and the level of the regional economies in China's administrative hierarchy. We call for greater attention to be directed to the interrelationship between land development, local public finance, and urbanization in the ongoing transformation of the Chinese political economy. 相似文献
3.
JOCELYN DAVIES 《The Australian geographer》2003,34(1):19-45
More than half of Australia's lands and coastal regions are now encompassed within the boundaries of native title claims. The claims and the 'native title communities' who have lodged them are shaping a new geography of Australia's lands and seascapes. These communities derive from traditional ownership and thus have a different, and more fundamentally authoritative, basis to the indigenous 'residential communities' whose representative organisations are the mechanism through which governments have promoted indigenous self-management and which dominate in public affairs. Recognition of native title provides some opportunities for indigenous people to negotiate for benefits which will address their marginalised and economically dependent status but these are limited by the protection given to non-indigenous interests and are often proving they can be very difficult to realise. Overcoming indigenous marginalisation, promoting co-existence between indigenous and other Australians, and securing sustainability in rural regions requires that institutional reform goes beyond legally bounded interpretations of where native title does and does not still exist. Rebuilding indigenous institutions for governance of country is fundamental to achieving necessary change but political will and resources to support the process are critically lacking. 相似文献
4.
John Heppen 《The Professional geographer》2003,55(2):191-205
This article examines political regionalism in presidential elections from 1892 to 2000 by analyzing the percentage of the popular vote received by Democratic candidates for president using statistical methods and spatial analysis. The results indicate three long‐term and stable political regions in presidential elections and a history of spatially dependent voting. The article then proposes four fluid political regions based on social diversity and recent political behavior and integrates the role of the Electoral College. This provides a framework in which political geography can integrate political regionalism, racial and social diversity, and the electoral vote in studying presidential elections. 相似文献
5.
James Forrest Ron Johnston Frank Siciliano David Manley Kelvyn Jones 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(4):457-472
Recent decades have seen substantial growth across many developed-world countries of right-wing populist political parties whose policies oppose immigration and multiculturalism as threats to the majority way of life there. These are exemplified in Australia by Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Party, which was successful at elections there at the turn of the twenty-first century and again in 2016. Part of this party’s rhetoric focuses on the geography of immigrant groups in Australia’s cities, with claims that their members live in ghettos. Is that factually correct? Using data from the 2011 Australian census this paper analyses the distribution of Asians and Muslims (the two groups picked out by One Nation and its leader) at four spatial scales within the country’s 11 largest urban areas. It finds no evidence at all of intensive residential segregation of Muslims, and although there are concentrations of Asians—notably in Sydney and Melbourne—most residents claiming Asian ancestry live in neighbourhoods and suburbs where they form a minority (in many cases a small minority) only of the local population. 相似文献
6.
在国际形势应对和国内社会治理的需求推动下,目前中国政治地理学的学科发展得到了越来越多的关注,基本形成了外源性研究与内生性研究并行的学科体系。然而与国际关系学、政治经济学、公共管理学等相关学科相比,中国政治地理学研究的影响力仍然有限,相关理论和方法较少被其他学科采纳应用,在国内外地缘战略和社会政策制定中的声音也相对不足。本文一方面直接回应了其他学科对“地理”内涵及其重要性的偏见和误解,另一方面指出了中国政治地理学自身在机理性研究、宏观-微观联系、研究对象整合和理论建构等方面存在的不足。本文还从权力-空间关系出发,明确了政治地理学研究的核心议题,期望有助于整合研究议题、凝聚研究共识、推动知识积累,从而增强政治地理学科的理论生产能力及其在更广泛学科体系中的影响力。 相似文献
7.
人文地理学学科体系与发展战略要点 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文属于《中国学科及前沿领域发展战略研究（2021—2035）》地理科学学科规划的系列成果之一,写作组在对人文地理学学科发展进行系统梳理与分析判研的基础上,在本文中侧重介绍未来15年的中国人文地理学学科体系与发展战略要点。人文地理学是研究人类活动地理分布格局形成和演变规律的一门学科。随着人类发展临近和进入后工业化阶段,人类活动的经济社会过程对人文地理分布规律的影响越来越重要,社会科学研究思维和方法已成为探讨和理解变化的人文地理过程和格局的重要途径,人文地理学研究方法论也呈现出自然科学和社会科学综合集成的特色。人文地理学研究的成果产出,揭示了人类活动地理分布格局和演变的科学规律,成为调控和优化国土空间开发保护格局的科学基础,在国土空间规划、区域战略和区域政策制定、空间治理现代化等方面有着广泛的应用,人文地理学的科学研究与决策应用之间具有紧密的关系。根据学科发展现状、趋势及主要产出结果,中国人文地理学可按照5个分支学科群进行学科战略布局,包括综合人文地理学、经济地理学、城市地理学、乡村地理学、社会文化地理学和政治地理学。各分支学科在新时期地理科学学科体系下,具有其优先发展领域与重点方向,相互协调,不断创新。 相似文献
8.
Migration is primarily motivated by economic reasons, but people also move for a variety of other purposes, including a desire for political and economic freedom. Although freedoms are often thought of as dominant reasons for international migration in political states with federal systems of governments, migration across internal political borders also takes place to take advantage of local differences in political and economic regulations, taxes, and public goods. Using the combined Internal Revenue Service/Census Bureau state-to-state migration data for 1995 to 2010, we examine the relationship between economic freedom and migration and its impact on state-level income change. We find that economic freedom is positively associated with income change due to net migration but not associated with gains or losses from income differences between in- and outmigrants. In general, states with higher or lower levels of economic freedom gained or lost income due to migration. 相似文献
9.
Geographies of the financial crisis 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Manuel Aalbers 《Area》2009,41(1):34-42
Real estate is, by definition, local as it is spatially fixed. Mortgage lending, however, has developed from a local to a national market and is increasingly a global market today. An understanding of the financial crisis is ultimately a spatialised understanding of the linkages between local and global. This article looks at the geographies of the mortgage crisis and credit crunch and asks the question: how are different places affected by the crisis? The article looks at different states, different cities, different neighbourhoods and different financial centres. Investors in many places had invested in residential mortgage backed securities and have seen their value drop. Housing bubbles, faltering economies and regulation together have shaped the geography of the financial crisis on the state and city level in the US. Subprime and predatory lending have affected low-income and minority communities more than others and we therefore not only see a concentration of foreclosures in certain cities, but also in certain neighbourhoods. On an international level, the long-term economical and political consequences of this are still mostly unknown, but it is clear that some financial centres in Asia (including the Middle East) will become more important now that globalisation is coming full circle. This article does not present new empirical research, but brings together work from different literatures that all in some way have a specific angle on the financial crisis. The aim of this article is to make the geographical dimensions of the financial crisis understandable to geographers that are not specialists in all – or even any – of these literatures, so that they can comprehend the spatialisation of this crisis. 相似文献
10.
中国政治地理与地缘政治理论研究展望:青年学者笔谈 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国政治地理学和地缘政治学的发展相对滞后，目前仍未形成系统、有共识的学科理论框架。为此，基于2019年先后在上海和广州举办的多次研讨会，国内15位青年地理学者结合自身的研究基础和中国政治地理学和地缘政治学科建设和理论发展的需要，提出了一系列未来值得深入研究的中国政治地理学和地缘政治研究方向。这些研究方向具体包括：多尺度的地缘环境、科技地缘政治、批判地缘政治、环境政治、能源地缘政治、国别区域研究、通权论、民意政治、都市政治、劳工政治地理、区域一体化的政治地理、城市政治地理学、中西权地秩序比较、新技术革命催生的新人地关系、尺度政治、马克思主义政治地理学、历史政治地理和基于福柯治理术的空间-权力关系理论等。此外，各位青年学者一致认为，中国政治地理学和地缘政治研究应该具有多尺度特征、加强原创性理论研究、回归“地理空间-权力关系”的主线。希望本文抛砖引玉，引发更多关于中国政治地理学和地缘政治学科建设和理论发展的讨论和成果。 相似文献
11.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):229-250
The provision of public services by the local state involves the full range of politics, structural forces, and actors at work in the world system. Materialist theory provides a means by which these disparate elements can be integrated as the state performs its two primary functions: maintaining conditions favorable for the accumulation of capital and ensuring the legitimacy of the economic and political systems. National and local governments attempt to provide conditions in specific places that will foster growth; the politics of production characterize these efforts. On the local level the state also provides a forum in which the demands of less organized and powerful interests can be heard, as it attempts to maintain the loyalty of the public; the politics of consumption characterize this activity. An empirical analysis of local government expenditures for public services in the United States indicates the role that public services play in the performance of these two functions of the capitalist state. 相似文献
12.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):191-205
Abstract This article examines political regionalism in presidential elections from 1892 to 2000 by analyzing the percentage of the popular vote received by Democratic candidates for president using statistical methods and spatial analysis. The results indicate three long-term and stable political regions in presidential elections and a history of spatially dependent voting. The article then proposes four fluid political regions based on social diversity and recent political behavior and integrates the role of the Electoral College. This provides a framework in which political geography can integrate political regionalism, racial and social diversity, and the electoral vote in studying presidential elections. 相似文献
13.
北京经济适用房布局特征及影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20 世纪90 年代,中国开始实施经济适用住房政策。然而,在政策的实施过程中,由于不合理的布局,经济适用住房并没有切实解决中低收入家庭的住房问题。学者们通过研究发现,大多数经济适用住房被安排在城市边缘地区,缺乏配套公共设施。目前,相关研究较多关注经济适用住房的空间布局及其引发的社会问题,少有学者关注影响经济适用住房布局的因素。因此,本文试图从地方政府的视角解答影响经济适用住房布局的因素。研究提出假设,地方政府受到土地财政收入的驱动,将经济适用住房项目布置在对土地收益损失最小的地方,同时兼顾政策实施过程中的拆迁压力、住房市场结构以及公共交通便利性等。在假设基础上,对北京经济适用住房空间布局的时空特征进行分析,并构建经济适用住房布局的影响因素模型。结果发现：1999-2009 年间北京经济适用住房建设速度放慢,同时呈现向五环以外扩散及向某些点集聚的趋势;模型结果证实土地价格是政府在落实经济适用住房项目时考虑的重要因素。 相似文献
14.
近现代中国女性人才的地理分布和区域分异 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
中国人文地理学研究中有关女性地理的研究基本缺失, 而以往人才地理学研究中对女性人才的忽视, 以及女性主义地理学研究中女性人才研究的薄弱, 都使女性人才地理研究有了自己的空间。利用人才数量、类型和籍贯三个指标对活动于1840~1949 年期间的中国著名女性人物资料进行了统计和分析, 在此基础上, 对近现代中国女性人才的数量和地位、分布 领域和特点以及地理分布格局进行了论述, 并对影响其数量、类型和区域分异的因素进行了探讨。研究发现: 与同一时期的男性人才相比较, 近现代女性人才数量仍然偏少, 但相对于过去, 其数量却有所增加, 影响领域也更扩大; 近现代女性人才集中分布于中国东部和东南沿海地区以及中部地区的少数几个省份, 西北地区较少; 湖南、广东、浙江、江苏四省女性人才尤为突出, 其中, 湘粤两省在社会政治领域影响较大, 江浙两省在科学、教育和文化领域占有较大优势。近现代女性人才数量的增加和影响领域的扩大受近现代中国政治改良运动和政治革命的影响, 而其区域分异特点则充分体现了中国近现代政治革命和妇女解放运动的地区差异。 相似文献
15.
Laura R. Barraclough 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):164-186
This article draws from the recent relational turn in geography to develop a model of relational racialization. It argues that racism functions through the legal and discursive production of linked, interdependent, and unequal places. By comparing two social movements in Los Angeles, the South Central Farmers and the Shadow Hills homeowners, I examine two spatial discourses through which race is relationally reproduced: unequal abilities to mobilize the entitlements of “property rights” and unequal claims to represent hegemonic forms of local heritage. When materialized and naturalized in land use policy, these discourses re-create racial disparities in wealth and poverty and reproduce the qualitative nature of the physical places on which racism depends. 相似文献
16.
Mark Ellis 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):301-309
This article questions the idea that quantitative methods, in particular the analysis of social statistics, is at odds with critical approaches to geography. It argues that numbers-based research is vital to highlight social injustice and oppression and that quantitative research can meet the requirements of critical geography to be reflexive, politically conscious, and activist. The article highlights two issues of pressing interest for research and activism by critically inspired quantitative researchers. First, there should be vigilance about the retrenchment of data collection and releases by the state, which will end up obscuring the ability to see social inequalities. Second, there should be a vigorous challenge to the political and judicial undermining of the results of statistical sampling and inference. These are vital tools for estimating hard-to-count populations and inferring inequalities between groups. The article gives examples of where these estimation issues are critical, which include civilian deaths in Iraq, counting minority populations in the United States, and the detection and remediation of structural racism. 相似文献
17.
18.
We used Longitudinal Employer Dynamics (LED) data for the analysis of the local workforce and job markets in Shelby County, Tennessee, which includes the city of Memphis. Memphis has earned the unique reputation in the US as America's Aerotropolis. However, the model has not yet received full attention by the urban geography community. This study analyzes the Memphis Aerotropolis (MA) defined as an economic hub extending outward from the Memphis International Airport into a surrounding area that specializes in transportation and warehousing. Our findings reveal polycentric pattern of employment which we grouped into centers, subcenters, and clusters. To understand industrial specialization of job areas, we used location quotient analysis. The area around the airport is consistent with the “Aerotropolis” concept, and attracts both jobs (it is the largest job concentration in the region) and housing. The area also has a greater share of higher-paying jobs, however female and minority workers benefit less than white male workers. This study contributes to the body of research on the spatial aspects of racial, gender, and paying/earning characteristics of both jobs and workers of a current-day metropolis. Availability of the LED data enables easy replication of the analysis of the local job and labor structure elsewhere within the United States. 相似文献
19.
《Urban geography》2013,34(1):72-92
Different perspectives have been offered to explain ethnic labor market concentrations. In most studies, however, residential places are seldom included in the research framework. Using data from 5% Public Used Microdata Samples in 2000, this case study of the San Francisco Bay Area reveals that the robust growth of the new economy is dramatically segmenting the geography of employment and thereby the spatial division of labor in each ethnic group. Living arrangements, such as central-city residence and living in coethnic-concentrated-PUMAs, increase the chances of niche employment for most racial/ethnic groups, even after controlling for human capital and certain local context factors. However, there is a "substitution" effect between personal socioeconomic status and location factors. This study argues that living arrangements can provide a mechanism through which personal characteristics, social networking, and ethnic recourses interact with macroeconomic trends, and thus carve out local labor market experiences across the urban space. 相似文献
20.
国外对地缘视野下边境地区的研究进展及其启示 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
边境地区是国家重要的国土安全屏障和对外开放门户。在全球化、信息化的背景下,边境地区成为地理学、政治学和政治经济学的研究热点。科学认识和总结国际边境研究是推进学科发展的前提。本文以科学引文索引(Web of Science)中边境研究的学术论文为依据,借助于Citespace科学计量工具,系统回顾了国外1990-2015年边境研究的发展脉络、研究领域重点和研究趋势。从文献计量统计分析来看,1990年以来刊文量最大的期刊包括《政治地理学》(Political Geography)、《地缘政治学》(Geopolitics)等。国外边境研究的领域集中于政治地理、环境生态、商业经济、公共管治、人文艺术等方面。地缘政治视角下的领土、国家权力始终是边境研究的重要内容。新世纪以来,边境研究在汲取了批判性地缘政治学、人本主义地缘政治的精髓后,逐渐增强了对边境环境、社会治理等方面的反思。在文献计量分析的基础上,重点阐述了边境的地理涵义和政治属性、经济商贸交流、边境一体化、边境冲突与安全、文化与社会建构、跨境合作制度等领域的研究趋势。最后提出,未来中国边境研究应增强边境地区的综合性发展战略研究,搭建适应于中国特色发展的跨境合作平台与机制,融入国际政治学、民族学、自然地理学等多学科视角。 相似文献