共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
J. M. Donnelly-Nolan 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,59(8):529-536
Oxygen-isotope analyses of lavas from Medicine Lake volcano (MLV), in the southern Cascade Range, indicate a significant
change in δ18O in Holocene time. In the Pleistocene, basaltic lavas with <52% SiO2 averaged +5.9‰, intermediate lavas averaged +5.7‰, and silicic lavas (≥63.0% SiO2) averaged +5.6‰. No analyzed Pleistocene rhyolites or dacites have values greater than +6.3‰. In post-glacial time, basalts
were similar at +5.7‰ to those erupted in the Pleistocene, but intermediate lavas average +6.8‰ and silicic lavas +7.4‰ with
some values as high as +8.5‰. The results indicate a change in the magmatic system supplying the volcano. During the Pleistocene,
silicic lavas resulted either from melting of low-18O crust or from fractionation combined with assimilation of very-low-18O crustal material such as hydrothermally altered rocks similar to those found in drill holes under the center of the volcano.
By contrast, Holocene silicic lavas were produced by assimilation and/or wholesale melting of high-18O crustal material such as that represented by inclusions of granite in lavas on the upper flanks of MLV. This sudden shift
in assimilant indicates a fundamental change in the magmatic system. Magmas are apparently ponding in the crust at a very
different level than in Pleistocene time.
Received: 6 March 1997 / Accepted: 12 January 1998 相似文献
3.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(1)
A primary goal of ice core studies is to reconstruct paleoclimates from information derived from the oxy-gen isotopes records in ice cores. Usually, the δ 18O in precipitation correlates with climatic parameters, such as temperature, precipitation amount, and relative hu-midity of the atmosphere[1-3]. Positive correlations exist between mean annual surface air temperatures and δ 18O in precipitation at mid-high latitudes, namely the “temperature effect”; with higher tem-peratures correspon… 相似文献
4.
喜马拉雅山朗塘流域降水中δ~(18)O的变化 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
喜马拉雅山朗塘流域坚景和亚拉降水中δ18O的变化以及δ18O与降水量的关系分析. 在天气尺度下, δ18O随降水量的变化具有较大的离散性. 两者之间的相关系数随时间而变化. 在季节尺度下, 坚景的δ18O/降水量变化率小于天气尺度下的变化率. 在雨季, 由于大气水汽和降水中稳定同位素成分基本保持平衡,降水的蒸发富集作用较轻. 从而降水中平均稳定同位素的大小并不依赖于取样间隔. 降水量效应的模拟结果显示, 朗塘流域的降水并非来自于低纬度海洋水汽的初始凝结. 受水汽在爬越喜马拉雅山时强烈的洗涤作用(rainout), 降水中稳定同位素成分被极大地衰减. 相似文献
5.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(10)
In-situ seasonalδ18O measurements of section 236.3–235.6 cm of speleothem HS4,from Qingjiang Valley of the Middle reaches of Yangtze River,China,were performed by an Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry(SIMS)with Oka(Chinese primary calcite standard GBW04481)and UWC-3(international calcite standard from University of Wisconsin).The potential of using SIMSδ18O measurements to establish speleothem time series has been explored and the differences between conventional and SIMSδ18O values have been discussed.During a 3-day period,UWC-3δ18O has been measured on Cameca IMS1280 Ion Microprobe Mass Spectrometer against"Oka"external standard.The measured mean value of UWC-3(δ18OVPDB=?17.85‰±0.22‰,1SD)matches well with its recommended value(δ18OVPDB=?17.83‰?0.08‰),suggesting that the instrument was stable.The same method applied on HS4 producedδ18O measurements at seasonal resolution with distinct annual cycles and the total cycle number in agreement with that from Mg/Ca cycles and lamination layer counting of the same section,so it offers an alternative for accessing speleothem time series.However,compared with conventionalδ18O values of HS4,SIMSδ18O values are more negative by 0.90‰with larger seasonal variation.The main reasons might come from the micro-cracks,micro-pores or liquid inclusions existing in HS4,and organic materials in the speleothem might be another factor affecting the SIMSδ18O values,indicating that to obtain reliable speleothem SIMSδ18O values,both compaction and purity of samples are crucial. 相似文献
6.
近5ka温度的金川泥炭δ~(18)O记录 总被引：45，自引：1，他引：45
根据吉林金川泥炭纤维素20a分辨率的氧同位素组成时间序列及其与有关文献资料对比,论述了中国东部过去5000a历史时期温度的变化过程,提供了大暖期、新冰期、中世纪温暖期和小冰期在该区存在的δ~(18)O证据;揭示了在约4590～3600 aBP期间存在1次大幅度自然升温过程,并讨论了此气候自然变暖对干旱、陆地植被和文明发展的影响. 相似文献
7.
《中国科学D辑》2008,(9)
在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,采用Tedlar气袋采集了"雪龙号"考察船航线上洋面大气样品以及东南极米洛半岛近地面大气样品(采样时间分别为地方时上午10:00和夜间22:00),在室内通过带有全自动预GC浓缩接口(PreCon)的Thermo Finnigan MAT-253同位素质谱仪,对这些大气样品中N2O的同位素组成进行了高精度地测量;并分析了其δ15N与δ18O空间变化规律.上海-南极洋面大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O平均分别为(7.21±0.50)‰和(44.52±0.52)‰.由30°N往南极随着纬度的变化,δ15N(6.05‰～7.88‰)呈线性增加趋势,增加率为0.01‰/纬度,δ18O(43.05‰～48.78‰)则呈现较大的波动;且δ15N与气温、N2O浓度呈负相关,而与δ18O呈弱的正相关.东南极米洛半岛近地面大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O夏季变化趋势相一致,且二者呈显著正相关,而与N2O浓度呈显著负相关;不同地点大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O平均分别为(7.46±0.39)‰和(44.63±0.45)‰,略高于洋面大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O;而显著高于北半球低纬度大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O值.分析讨论了引起地面大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O空间变化的主导因素.提供了全球大区域洋面大气N2O的同位素资料,有助于定量评估全球与区域大气N2O的净收支. 相似文献
8.
The oxygen isotopic values of aquatic plant cellulose and carbonates in Lake Caohai sediments were measured using a continuous flow isotopic ratio mass spectrometer(CF-IRMS).Because of predictable oxygen isotopic fractionation between cellulose and its source water,the oxygen isotopic composition of paleo-lake water has been established quantitatively.Combined oxygen isotopic values of cellulose and carbonates were used in the‘Craig’equation to determine paleotemperatures and their variation in the lake during the past 500 years.Results show that the paleotemperature trend correlates well with meteorological records from Weining.There are four notable cold intervals at Lake Caohai over the past 500 years,namely 1540–1570AD,1670–1715AD,1780–1870AD and 1900–1930AD,and the former three cold intervals have been observed in the conventional Little Ice Age(LIA).These cold periods at Lake Caohai correspond well with those recorded from tree ring,peat,and ice core data from adjacent regions,particularly temperature those inferred fromδ18O of peat cellulose from Hongyuan Southwestern China.The trend in paleotemperature variations at Lake Caohai are also consistent with both the change of Indian summer monsoon,derived fromδ18O values of a stalagmite in Dongge,and a recorded shift in solar activity.The findings of this study illustrate that coupled analysis ofδ18O values of cellulose and carbonates from lake sediments may be used as a paleotemperature proxy.These results also provide further evidence of the existence of LIA in southwestern China. 相似文献
9.
哈尼泥炭δ~(18)O记录的过去14000年温度演变 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在末次冰消期至全新世期间,格陵兰冰芯(GISP2)δ18O记录和北大西洋浮冰记录显示了一系列百年至千年尺度的突然变冷事件.但是这种反复出现的气温变冷模式在环大西洋以外区域,特别是在东亚区域是否也同时存出,还较少直接从温度代用记录方面进行系统研究.为此,从中国吉林省的哈尼泥炭中,提取了一个约14000年的泥炭纤维素δ18O温度代用记录.对比表明,哈尼泥炭纤维素δ18O温度记录几乎全部重现了由GISP2δ18O和浮冰记录所指示的突然的气温变冷事件,例如Older Dryas,Inter-Aller-d,Younger Dryas,以及9次浮冰事件,证明这种反复出现的气温变冷模式不仅出现在高纬度的北大西洋区域,同时也出现在中纬度的西北太平洋区域.此外,进一步论述了全新世的开始时间,大暖期、"8.2ka"事件、"4.2ka"事件、中世纪温暖期和小冰期等特征气候变化事件.同时根据泥炭沼泽生态环境的特征,还论述了哈尼泥炭纤维素δ18O对地表温度敏感响应及泥炭纤维素14C年龄准确性的原因. 相似文献
10.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(7)
Oxygen stable isotope of atmospheric water vapor is widely used to study the modern process of cli- mate. Atmospheric water vapor samples were collected at Dlingha, northeast of Tibetan Plateau during the period from July 2005 to February 2006. The variation of δ18O and the relationships between δ18O and both the temperature and specific humidity are analyzed in this paper. Results show that the sea- sonal variation of δ18O of atmospheric water vapor at Delingha is remarkable with higher δ18O in summer and lower δ18O in winter. The temporal variation of vapor δ18O shows obvious fluctuations, with magnitude of over 37‰. The daily variation of the δ18O is highly correlated with air temperature. The relationship between δ18O and atmospheric water vapor content is complex. Study shows that δ18O of atmospheric water vapor is positively correlated with specific humidity in winter in seasonal scale and inversely correlated with specific humidity in summer rainy period. The δ18O values of at- mospheric water vapor are lower than those of precipitation at Delingha, and the average difference is 10.7‰. Variations of δ18O of atmospheric water vapor is also found to be affected by precipitation events, The model results show that the precipitation effect could have caused the vapor δ18O in the raining season to lower by 7% in average in July and August. 相似文献
11.
Paul A. Mayewski 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,(2)
The δ18O variations in an 80.36 m ice core retrieved in the accumulation zone of the East Rongbuk Glacier, Mount Qomolangma (Everest), is not consistent with changes of air temperature from both southern and northern slopes of Himalayas, as well as these of the temperature anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere. The negative relationship between the δ18O and the net accumulation records of the ice core suggests the "amount effect" of summer precipitation on the δ18O values in the region. Therefore, the δ18O records of the East Rongbuk ice core should be a proxy of Indian Summer Monsoon intensity, which shows lower δ18O values during strong monsoon phases and higher values during weak phases. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(1)
Stable isotopes are widely used to reconstruct pa-leoclimate variations preserved in ice core records. However, the interpretation of stable isotope records in ice cores must be based on the knowledge of temporal and spatial variations of stable isotopes … 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2002,64(4):443-450
This article has been retracted at the request of the editor.Reason: The publisher regrets that several errors appeared in this paper and that it therefore has been retracted. A correct version of the complete paper has been published in Volume 64, Issue 7, pages 863–870 of the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
正地震烈度(Intensity),是一个直接关乎民生的参数。烈度调查,揭示了地表和建筑破坏的程度;烈度速报(又称震动图,ShakeMap),给出了地震动的强弱分布;烈度区划(国外称"地震危险性图",Seismic Hazard Map),为建筑的抗震设防提供了基础依据。在一大堆地震参数里,没有哪个能像它那样与老百姓的关系如此密切,有时甚至会牵动千百万人的行动。道理很明显:地震烈度反映着地震对地表破坏的最终结果(图1)。烈度就是破坏的大 相似文献
17.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(6)
During the 22nd Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-22), the atmospheric gas samples above the oceanic surface and near the surface were collected on the track for the scientific ship "Xuelong" and on Millor Peninsula of eastern Antarctica, respectively, using the Tedlar gas bags. Every day the sampling times were 10:00 and 22:00 (local time), respectively. In the laboratory, high-precision measurement of the isotopic compositions for N2O in these gas samples was conducted using Thermo Finnigan MAT-253 Isotopic Mass Spectrometer with a fully automated interface for the pre-GC concen-tration (PreCon) of trace gases. The temporal and spatial variations of δ 15N and δ 18O in atmospheric N2O were analyzed. The mean δ 15N and δ 18O-N2O values above the oceanic surface were (7.21±0.50)‰ and (44.52±0.52)‰, respectively. From 30°N to Antarctica, the δ 15N (6.05‰―7.88‰) linearly increased with the rate of about 0.01‰ with the latitude while the δ 18O (43.05‰―48.78‰) showed a large fluctua-tion. The δ 15N negatively correlated with air temperature and N2O concentration, and slightly positively correlated with δ 18O. The summertime variations of δ 15N and δ 18O-N2O appeared the same trend on Millor Peninsula of eastern Antarctica. They significantly positively correlated with each other and negatively with N2O concentration. The δ 15N and δ 18O-N2O at different sites averaged (7.42±0.35)‰ and (44.69±0.49)‰, respectively, slightly higher than those above the oceanic surface, significantly higher than those of atmospheric N2O in the low-latitude regions of Northern Hemisphere. The predominant factors affecting the spatial variations of δ 15N and δ 18O values were also discussed. The isotopic data given in this study can help to investigate the global and regional N2O budgets. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(9)
尝试利用二次离子质谱(SIMS)技术,采用国家一级标样(GBW04481)Oka方解石和美国威斯康星大学标样UWC-3方解石,对长江中游清江和尚洞洞穴碳酸盐沉积物HS4石笋的8.3ka BP时段(236.3~235.6 cm)进行了季节分辨率的?18O原位分析,探讨了利用季节分辨SIMS?18O所呈现出的年际旋回对石笋进行相对定年的可能性;并通过SIMS法与常规法?18O值的比较,分析了两者间偏差产生的可能原因.以Oka作外标,利用Cameca IMS 1280离子探针在3个工作日内对UWC-3进行了氧同位素分析,获得的测量结果(?18OVPDB=?17.85‰±0.22‰,1SD)与其推荐值(?18OVPDB=?17.83‰?0.08‰)在误差范围内一致,说明仪器稳定性良好、测试方法可靠.用SIMS法获得的HS4石笋?18O季节分辨率记录,则呈现出较为显著的年际旋回特征,其旋回总数与同段石笋Mg/Ca比及石笋反光微层图像中所呈现出的年层总数一致,有望为不具备清晰年纹层石笋的相对定年提供一个新的方法.与常规法?18O分析结果相比,HS4石笋SIMS法?18O值系统偏负0.90‰,且季节性差异增大,其主要原因可能是缘于样品中细微裂隙、孔洞和包裹体的存在,同时亦不排除石笋中有机质的存在对SIMS?18O值可能造成的影响,说明要获得与常规法?18O值相符的SIMS?18O值记录,石笋样品的致密度和纯净度均至关重要. 相似文献
19.
当地层孔隙中油气和水同时存在时,在核磁共振T2分布上不同流体信号往往重叠,很难有效识别.本文采用改变回波间隔测量多组自旋回波串序列实现了(T2, D)二维核磁共振方法,为有效识别储层流体提供了基础.通过数值模拟系统研究了(T2, D)方法在不同储层、不同测量信噪比以及不同外加磁场梯度条件下识别流体的效果.结果表明:(T2,D)方法识别中、低黏度油层具有优势,随着信噪比增加和外加磁场梯度加大,分辨油和水的效果将变好.在气层,对磁场梯度有一定要求,并且,测量数据的信噪比越高,分辨气与水的效果越好,当测量数据信噪比低于70时,(T2,D)方法在气层可能失效.在2MHz共振频率下,利用MARAN核磁共振岩芯分析仪器,对含顺磁性物质的饱和流体岩样进行了实验测量,验证了(T2,D)方法的有效性. 相似文献
20.
Within the central Mediterranean geodynamic puzzle, the seismotectonic processes of the northern sector of the Apennines are still under debate. In this framework, we conducted a careful examination of seismic catalogues for five years of instrumental seismicity located in the eastern sector of the Tosco-Emiliano Apennines. In our study, we merge two separate seismic bulletins, derived from a small- and a large-aperture seismic network. The joint analysis of the seismic phases of both catalogues allows us to improve event locations and to assess their hypocentral depths. After re-location using a regional velocity model, we found that the spatial distribution of hypocenters follows characteristic patterns at the southwestern and northeastern sides of the chain. Such distribution exhibits a marked axial offset in correspondence of the Livorno-Sillaro Line (LSL), a NE-SW trending lithological discontinuity previously interpreted in terms of a transform zone. Basing on this evidence, and on additional observations related to the morphology of the area, we hypothesise the LSL to represent the shallow manifestation of a discontinuity affecting the whole lithospheric thickness, i.e. a incipient tear fault dislocating the subducting slab. 相似文献