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1.
The past decade has brought substantial transition to South Africa. The introduction of democracy in 1994 has yielded important political and socioeconomic transformations affecting millions of people. Here, we explore the impact of institutional and structural changes on the availability and management of fuelwood, a key natural resource in rural South Africa. As in other developing regions, many households depend on natural resources for both sustenance and energy needs. Drawing on qualitative data from 32 interviews, our objective is to describe, from the perspective of the respondents, (1) resource scarcity, (2) the underlying causes of resource scarcity, (3) the role of traditional authority in managing resources, and (4) strategies used by community members in the face of resource scarcity. The results have important implications for the well-being of both social and natural systems in many transitional, rural developing societies. 相似文献
2.
Moscow, the global city? The position of the Russian capital within the European system of metropolitan areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the 1990s, the city of Moscow was subject to an extraordinary transformation in its political, economic and social structures, which had consequences for the position of Moscow within the national and international hierarchy of cities. This article is concerned with the trends that can be discerned regarding the position of Moscow on the national and European scales. Without a doubt, the development of Moscow is characterized by an increasing separation from the national urban system and a growing international orientation. The Russian capital has no competitors on the national level: measured against the relevant economic indicators it is a long way ahead of the remaining Russian cities, which are primarily integrated into national and regional economic flows, and participate in the global economy only to a limited degree. Moscow, in contrast, is increasingly striving to integrate itself into transnational and international economic structures. Although the concept of Moscow as a global city is often instrumentalized in municipal politics, the ability of the Russian capital to act as a global centre is in fact limited. At present Moscow's most important function, from a Central European perspective, is to act as a bridging link between Central and Western Europe and Russia. There is a danger that the spatial disparities between Moscow on the one hand, and the remaining Russian cities and regions on the other, will continue to grow. 相似文献
3.
In this paper we examine the trajectory of regional income inequality dynamics for two neighboring national systems. Using data on 3038 US counties and 2418 Mexico municipios, from 2000, 2005, and 2010, we employ recent extensions of spatial Markov chains and space-time mobility measures, to consider the following questions: Are regional inequality dynamics fundamentally distinct between Mexico and the United States? Does the role of spatial context influence the distributional dynamics of the two systems? Finally we examine if there is a distinct international border region that displays inequality dynamics different from those of the internal regions of the two national systems. Strong evidence of spatial heterogeneity in regional income mobility is found between the two national systems, with Mexico having higher mobility relative to the US. The international border region is found to have distinct mobility dynamics from either national system, experiencing the strongest mobility. Extensive evidence of spatial contextual effects are found throughout the US-Mexican pooled data set indicating that a region's transitional dynamics are influenced by incomes of neighboring regions. 相似文献
4.
信任对市场、经济和社会的繁荣与发展具有重要作用。信任作为经济社会发展的内生变量,与区域经济发展、市场化进程之间存在着相互影响、互为因果的关系。中国新兴加转轨的双重制度环境加剧了区域信任度的差异,这种差异更多是区域经济发展和市场化进程的结果而不是原因。通过对中国大陆省际不均衡的区域经济发展、市场化进程和信任水平进行比较分析,发现较高的区域经济发展水平和与之协调的市场化进程导致较高的区域信任度,较低的区域经济发展水平和超前的市场化进程导致较低的区域信任度。 相似文献
5.
论地缘政治学的核心——地理要素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近代以来,以领土为物质基础的民族或者国家间的竞争和合作均发生在特定的地理空间之内。人们对地理空间与民族或者国家间相互关系影响的认识反映在国际关系理论中。就是地缘政治学,换言之,地缘政治是在对国际上各种政治力量及其相互关系进行地理空间分析的基础上,为维护国家利益制定适当的对外政策和战略的一种理论。地缘政治最基本的内核是地理要素．即地理位置、国土幅员、邻国、地形与气候、资源以及距离等。科学认识地缘政治学基本的地理要素．是正确把握、运用地缘政治学的先决条件。 相似文献
6.
莫斯科是俄罗斯首都和最大的城市,在国家社会经济发展中扮演着极其重要的角色。1990年代以来,伴随着俄罗斯实施市场经济的进程,莫斯科的城市建设和发展发生了巨大的变化。本文从莫斯科的行政区划、城市职能、土地利用和城市总体规划的演变总结了莫斯科城市建设和发展的新趋势,以期窥见俄罗斯在新的历史条件下城市发展的新动向。 相似文献
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中国工业地理学的传承发展与转型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于1934—2019年《地理学报》期刊发表的154篇工业地理学论文分析中国工业地理发展脉络与主要领域研究进展。中国工业地理在融合了西方工业地理理论和苏联工业地理理论基础上,结合中国实际情况逐渐发展出兼顾理论研究和实践双重任务驱动下的特色学科体系,在经历了诞生探索、成长总结、视角转换、稳步发展4个阶段后,学科内容和范式逐渐与国际接轨,成长为一门相对成熟且具有重要意义的学科。在学科建设方面,未来需要继续服务社会经济建设,增强理论创新能力,加强新技术手段应用,结合中国制度环境推动建设中国特色的工业地理学。 相似文献
9.
乡村工业化对中国乡村城市转型的影响 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
本文从“乡村空间变化”的观点出发,分析了乡村工业化对新乡村经济空间,新乡村社会空间和新乡村地理空间形成和发展的影响,探讨了乡村工业化与乡村城市转的区域不平衡性,提出了中国乡村城市转型过程中几个应重视和研究的问题。 相似文献
10.
Stein Kristiansen 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(1):52-69
The paper focuses on information flows and the need for change in cottage industries in rural Indonesia. The context for small-scale business entrepreneurs has changed dramatically during the last decade of economic liberalisation and crisis. Emerging market opportunities, as well as national and international competition, now challenge indigenous businesses in their different geographical settings, and new information is indispensable for survival and growth. The principal question in the paper is whether small-scale agribusiness entrepreneurs are able to identify and utilise existing knowledge for the purpose of improving their competitive strength. By using case studies taking an actor's perspective, the empirical data give insight into the small entrepreneurs' perceptions of their business environments and the hindrances to innovation. Theories on dual economies, path dependence and information asymmetry form the basis for analysing two cases of Javanese agribusiness. The paper concludes that a gap prevails between "traditional" and "modern" sectors of this society, and that cottage industries have much to gain from linking up with external agencies. Regional universities may play a crucial role in enhancing information flows and disseminating competence. 相似文献
11.
选择深圳的数字电视产业作为研究对象,对高新技术产业的创新集群进行尝试性的研究.深圳在中国数字电视产业及其技术发展中十分值得关注.深圳数字电视产业的相关企业有76%分布在南山区和福田区,地理空间集聚态势明显.通过实地调研和数据分析,揭示了相关企业之间诸多联系且促进企业技术创新的内生机制.研究发现深圳数字电视产业具有产业结构复杂化与多部门合作的集群特征,很多企业已经产生技术创新的内生需求.本研究推断,深圳数字电视产业的创新集群正在形成过程中;深圳良好的创业环境、企业与研究机构之间近距离合作等因素,尤其是深圳政府政策对产业的促进,塑造出创新集群的轮廓.但是,目前在数字电视关键芯片研发和内容制造质量等方面还存在问题,限制了深圳数字电视产业创新的速度. 相似文献
12.
世界钢铁工业发展趋势及对我国钢铁工业的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
20世纪是世界钢铁工业快速发展的世纪。在科技进步和市场需求的拉动下,世界钢铁生产的规模、地区格局与原材料供应等都发生了显著变化。进入21世纪,世界钢铁工业将在高科技的推动、原材料供给与产品销售的激烈竞争、以及环境容量的制约下,进入新的结构调整和发展时期。未来世界钢铁工业将以发展中国家的增长为主;生产体制从注重产量向环境友好转化;市场竞争将加速跨国公司全球资本重组。我国钢铁工业在今后20至30年内仍有较大发展空间,国内外市场需求的变化与跨国公司的并购重组,将推动我国钢铁工业布局进一步接近市场,向沿海或大都市周边地区集中。 相似文献
13.
转型期北京社区公共空间对邻里交往的影响机理：本地居民与移民的对比分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用2017年北京市36个小区的居民问卷调查数据,并基于POI数据测量小区尺度上步行道、公园、交通站点、商业设施、学校5类公共空间与设施的可达性,采用结构方程模型考察社区公共空间对本地居民、外来移民邻里交往的不同影响作用和机理。研究发现,在城市转型与居住分异的背景下：典型公共空间（步行道、公园）在促进邻里交往的作用上不如交通站点、商业设施等准公共空间设施;相较于外来移民,本地居民的邻里交往水平更容易受到社区公共空间的影响。 相似文献
14.
"The growth of international retirement in the Algarve has coincided with a number of changes in the international framework for population mobility as well as in the nature of the Algarve [Portugal] as a destination area. Tourism development, which is intimately linked to subsequent retirement migration, is particularly important in this. This paper considers the nature of the link between cycles of migration and of development in recipient areas, in the context of the remarkable and relatively late development of the Algarve as an area of tourism and retirement.... Cohort analysis...provides the basis for an examination of changes over time in the socio-demographic profiles of the migrants, their motivations, their residential patterns and their integration." 相似文献
15.
创新地理学的批判性思考——基于中国情境的理论创新 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文在对西方创新地理学的产生逻辑和进展梳理的基础上,提出西方创新地理学置于新自由主义所驱动的“地方竞争”的发展背景下,过分强调地方的内生性特质对于地方竞争力的作用,在当前创新范式尺度上推的背景下面临理论重构的挑战。由此,本文试图从中国特色的社会主义内涵下的创新制度、跨空间尺度视角下的中国区域创新系统发展和全球经济重组格局下的中国创新动态三个方面对中国创新地理学的理论潜力进行评述,提出因中国创新中地理多样性、政府调控性和外生驱导性共同决定了中国研究对当今创新地理学创新的意义。最后总结认为当前世界观需要将中国纳入中心体系,以便更好的审查创新所表现出的多尺度、多过程嵌套反馈的辩证地理过程。 相似文献
16.
Relatively little research has explored spatial structure in modern major Canadian regions. Three common models are monocentricity, polycentricity, and dispersion, but these are not always mutually exclusive in the complex spatial structures of contemporary city-regions. Shifts between these models are discussed in the context of three explanations of economic growth and restructuring: accessibility, municipal competition, and globalization. All three explanations suggest a trend away from monocentricity. While this appears clearly in US cities, disagreement surrounds whether Canadian cities are following the same path. This study uses cross-sectional data from InfoGroup in 2011 to estimate the relative strengths of monocentricity, polycentricity, and dispersion for characterizing eight major regions. Results indicate that elements of each model are evident in all eight study regions, but each tends to dominate in different contexts. When focusing on Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, results imply that all three forces which guide spatial structure play a role and that job centers appear to play a particularly important structural role in larger regions. 相似文献
17.
胡焕庸是著名地理学家、地理教育家,中国人文地理学奠基人之一、地缘政治研究先驱和杰出的地缘战略家。本文首次系统梳理胡焕庸鲜为人知的地缘战略研究成果及学术思想,发掘其在当今复杂国际地缘政治形势下的时代价值。胡焕庸以时代问题为导向,以历史使命为驱动,发表诸多地缘战略研究成果,为后世留下许多经典隽永的学术思想,包括系统论证南海诸岛属于中国,并首次命名南沙群岛,全面分析中国发展的地缘安全形势,预判日本侵华企图及美日冲突的必然性,重视边疆治理与国防建设,多次强烈呼吁收回琉球群岛,强调地理学家是国家开疆拓土先锋,倡导地理学与国防教育结合等。在世界百年未有之大变局和中华民族伟大复兴的时代背景下,传承和弘扬胡焕庸的地缘战略思想,尤具现实意义。 相似文献
18.
中国北方农牧交错带生态脆弱性评价——以鄂尔多斯市为例 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
农牧交错带在我国区域生态安全建设中具有重要的生态地位。选择鄂尔多斯市作为研究区域,基于1988年和2000年自然和社会经济数据,通过对景观动态变化及生态脆弱性驱动因素的分析,确定脆弱性评价的指标体系,建立脆弱性评价模型,在GIS和SPSS软件支持下,运用空间主成分分析进行生态脆弱性评价。结果显示,鄂尔多斯大部分地区处于高度脆弱区和中度脆弱区,抵御外界干扰能力较差。生态脆弱性指数的空间分布有从东北、西部向中部逐渐增加的态势,生态脆弱性指数高的地区主要分布在人类活动比较频繁的城市区域、生态本底较为脆弱的库布齐沙漠和毛乌素沙地的西部地区。2000年与1988年相比,高度脆弱区分布范围有明显扩大、且连片趋势。其中,东胜区生态质量有所好转,准格尔旗没有较大变化,其他各旗都呈现恶化趋势,尤其以伊金霍洛旗为最。 相似文献
19.
能源是重要的生产要素,由于增加能源要素投入,人类的劳动生产率得到了极大提高,推动了经济与社会发展.产业结构变动是影响区域能源效率提高的重要因素.在现代经济发展中,产业结构升级与提高区域能源效率密切联系,产业结构状况与能源效率共同反映一国的经济发展方向,发展水平和经济可持续发展能力.本文从空间角度探讨产业结构变动对区域能源效率提高的贡献,利用GDP产业结构统计数据和相关能源利用统计数据,结合数学模型和空间分析方法,以中国大陆31个省区相关数据为样本,分析得出中国大陆31省区产业结构变动对能源效率提高贡献的空间差异较大;产业结构合理且经济基础较好省区、经济发展起步较晚省区以及处于产业结构调整初期的中国中西部欠发达省区产业结构变动对区域能源效率提高的贡献明显;而经济基础薄弱尚未形成主导产业的省区与形成较为合理低端产业结构的省区,产业结构变动对区域能源效率提高的贡献不明显. 相似文献
20.
Theory on environmental governance and water governance emphasises decentralised, devolved forms of interaction between stakeholders. As previously excluded actors are empowered to take part in governance, new forms of cooperation are created. This paper examines how the cooperative principle has influenced stakeholder interaction at the local and international scales of water governance in South Africa. Water policies and initiatives have been set up to promote multi-level governance that emphasises cooperation between various stakeholders. The emphasis on cooperation and inclusiveness is particularly pertinent to the South African context because of its apartheid past. The paper asks whether there have been new forms of cooperation between a wider array of actors, as the theory proposes. By using the case studies of the Sabie catchment and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project to examine local and international level governance, the paper finds challenges related to power disparity and interdependence of actors, and risk perceptions of inclusive decision-making. It is found that at both the local and international level, the state, which is a 'traditional' actor, still plays an influential role in decision-making. 'New' actors such as businesses, civil society, and regional institutions are more visible but have limited decision-making power. Non-linear, time-consuming forms of cooperation occur in water governance. 相似文献