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1.
吐哈盆地煤成烃主要贡献组分剖析 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
吐哈盆地中下侏罗统煤显微组分组成显示了“碎、小、薄”和过渡组分含量高的特点。结合显微和超微层次有机岩石学分析，在显微组分层次生烃组分主要为基质镜质体，碎屑类脂体、薄壁角质体、木栓质体和小孢子体在煤成烃中也有一定的贡献；超微层次生烃组分主要表现为分布于基质镜质体中的超微类脂体。煤中基质镜质体的高含量弥补了其单位生烃潜力低的不足，基质镜质体富氢成因在于生物化学阶段细菌等微生物对其强烈降解改造作用。 相似文献
2.
新疆侏罗系煤基质镜质体的岩石学特征及成烃性 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
运用有机岩石学和有机地球化学理论对新疆伯罗系煤中基质交易质体的岩石学特征及生烃性进行了详细研究，结果表明，基质镜质体按成因和生烃性可分成三种不同的亚型，并讨论了不同类型的基质镜质体在煤成烃作用中的意义和热演化规律。 相似文献
3.
我国聚煤盆地煤系烃源岩生烃评价与成烃模式 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文应用有机岩石学方法与有机地球化学方法通过对我国煤成烃盆地典型煤系烃源岩的研究，担子同煤系烃源评价指标与标准，并以显微组分成煤规律为基础，建立起了我国含煤岩系的四种主要成烃模式。本研究成果对我国煤成烃勘探具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
4.
从显微煤岩学角度探讨了贵州六盘水地区晚二叠世龙潭煤系煤的生烃状况。研究表明,树皮体和基质镜质体是研究区煤岩显微组成中主要的两种富氢组分,“富质镜体－较富树皮体”是主采煤层典型的煤岩组合特征,在成烃演化过程中,富氢镜质体和树皮体对生烃作出了主要贡献。渗出沥青体充填于镜质体微裂隙或细小孔洞以及丝质体胞腔中,这些微裂隙和胞腔和煤成油的保存,富集和运移起到关键作用。显微组分间的这种配置关系为煤成油藏的形居 相似文献
5.
本文从煤岩学、有机地球化学及煤的储气性原理出发,研究了淮南煤田同变质程度不同煤层煤(B11b、B10)在成烃母质、富烃特征、成烃作用和储气性等方面的差异性。B11b煤层中含有较多的似石油物质、渗出体、显微组分等的荧光浸渍现象、油滴和油膜、微粒体等,它们是煤成烃作用的直接光学标志。B11b煤层的地化参数指出较强的还原环境将有利于成烃作用。B11b煤层的孔隙性（孔容、孔径分布、孔隙结构）说明它不仅有较好的储气性能,而且还具有较有利于煤层气体运移的物性条件。而上述特征是B10煤层所不具备的。 相似文献
6.
腐殖煤的显微组分与生烃研究：以南华北太原组,山西组煤为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用煤岩学方法、热解分析和热模拟实验等，对南华北太原组和山西组腐殖煤进行了显微组分与生烃研究。腐殖煤的生烃量与显微组分组成关系密切，煤中富氢组分愈多，其生烃量愈大。富氢镜质体荧光性较强，具有较高的生油潜力。南华北太原组和山西组腐殖煤的主要生烃组分应是富氢镜质体和壳质组。 相似文献
7.
中国西北侏罗纪煤系显微组分生烃潜力、产物地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
从吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中分离富集了藻类体、孢子体、角质体、镜质体、基质镜质体和丝质体6种主要显微组分,进行了热解及热模拟实验,并对各显微组分热模拟生成的产物热解油进行了碳同位素组成等分析。各显微组分热解生烃潜力及其热解产物热解油的碳同位素组成表明,煤系有机质中藻类体的生油潜力最高,生成的液态烃类的碳同位素组成最轻;孢子体、角质体等陆源富氢组分生烃潜力低于藻类体,生成的液态烃类的碳同位素组成重于藻类体生成的液态烃类,与煤系含油气盆地中原油的碳同位素组成基本一致。这些富氢显微组分应该是煤系有机质中主要的生油显微组分。镜质体和基质镜质体的生油潜力相对较低,其生成的液态烃类的碳同位素组成比一般煤系原油重得多,而且这些组分本身对液态烃具有较强的吸附力,尽管其在煤系有机质中所占的比例很大,仍然难以成为生成液态石油的主要显微组分,只能在高成熟演化阶段成为良好的生气显微组分。丝质体等惰性组分生烃潜力极低,不可能成为生油组分。此外,结合原煤的显微组分组成、生烃潜力和元素分析,提出仅仅以壳质组的含量高低来评价煤的生烃潜力不完全可靠,热解是经济、快速、有效的评价方法。 相似文献
8.
黄县煤田第三纪腐殖煤、藻烛煤、油页岩显微组分富含树脂体。根据产状和光学性质，树脂体划分为３种类型。ＧＣ／ＭＳ检测结果，饱和烃和芳烃馏分中存在大量的树脂生源的生物标志物，树脂体含量与总烃浓度，树脂体类型指数与烃转化率有良好的相关性。光学显微镜下，黄县煤田有机岩中发现有渗出沥青体和油珠。研究认为，树脂体是黄县煤田有机岩早期生烃的一种重要母质。 相似文献
9.
干酪根、煤以及显微组分生烃过程中的动力学参数(如活化能分布特征等)是其内部分子结构的宏观反映,据此可以判断有机质内部成键特征,评价生油门限、生油高峰,计算不同温度范围油气生成量等。笔者利用岩石热解仪(Rock-Eval型)对贵州水城含树皮体煤中的主要组成——基质镜质体的成烃动力学特征进行了研究,并与树皮体、丝质体进行比较,结果表明,基质镜质体的平均活化能为200kJ/mol,大于树皮体的平均活化能(177kJ/mol),而小于丝质体的平均活化能(324kJ/mol),由此推断,在相同的热演化条件下,基质镜质体、树皮体、丝质体三者的生烃顺序为树皮体→基质镜质体→丝质体。从基质镜质体生烃活化能分布特征图上可以看出,基质镜质体有4次主要生烃期,其对应的活化能分布范围及产烃率分别为191.25—192.5kJ/mol、12.19%,195—196.25kJ/mol、7.25%,197.5—198.75kJ/mol、39.82%,216.25kJ/mol、18.64%,据此可以认为:基质镜质体主要由4种不同类型键组成。在活化能191.25—198.75kJ/mol范围内,基质镜质体的累计生烃率达60%左右,这说明基质镜质体产烃较集中(在较短的地质剖面或温度范围内形成大量烃类物质),其含量高(煤岩三大组分之一),因此对煤成烃资源有较大的贡献。 相似文献
10.
煤成烃研究现状及应用——以三江盆地绥滨坳陷为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
阐述了煤系陆源有机质烃源岩特征和研究方法，对三江盆地绥滨坳陷白垩系穆棱－城子河组的煤系陆源有机质丰度，岩石热解参数和显微组分成烃性能进行了初步探讨，确定了该坳陷煤源岩的生烃级别。同时强调将煤系有机质源岩岩石学显微组分研究和建立东北地区煤成烃划分标准作为未来煤成烃研究的主攻方向。 相似文献
11.
中国油气地球化学理论研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文全面地,概括性地论述了目前中国在石油和天然气地球化学理论研究方面的现状和进展,包括非常规油气藏地球化学,油藏地球化学和天然气地球化学三个方面,其中,在非常规油气藏部分又分陆相低熟油气地球化学,高－过成熟油气地球化学（中国海相碳酸盐岩的油气生成）和煤成油气地球化学三个部分讨论。 相似文献
12.
In this paper a thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis method coupled with chromatography （TG-DTA-GC） has been adopted to simulate the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons from different hydrocarbon source rocks such as coals, mudstones, and carbonate rocks with different maturities. The temperature programming for thermal simulation experiment is 20℃/min from ambient temperature to 700℃. As viewed from the quantities and composition of generated gaseous hydrocarbons at different temperatures, it is shown that low-mature coal has experienced the strongest exothermic reaction and the highest loss of weight in which the first exothermic peak is relatively low. Low-mature coal samples have stronger capability of generating gaseous hydrocarbons than high-mature samples. The amounts and composition of gaseous hydrocarbons generated are closely related not only to the abundance of organic carbon in source rocks, but also to the type of kerogen in the source rocks, and their thermal maturity. In the present highly mature and over-mature rock samples organic carbon, probably, has already been exhausted, so the production of gaseous hydrocarbons in large amounts is impossible. The contents of heavy components in gaseous hydrocarbons from the source rocks containing type- Ⅰ and - Ⅱ kerogens are generally high ; those of light components such as methane and ethane in gaseous hydrocarbons from the source rocks with Ⅲ-type kerogens are high as well. In the course of thermal simulation of carbonate rock samples, large amounts of gaseous hydrocarbons were produced in a high temperature range. 相似文献
13.
煤和陆源有机质作为生油岩 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
煤和陆源有机质生油岩是我国第三类主要的生油岩。分析了这一领域的研究现状和进展，并对这类生油组分、生油岩类型和成烃特征、煤成液态烃的初次运移和煤层孔隙特征的关系、有机岩石学评价方法等问题作了讨论并提出一些新的认识。 相似文献
14.
G. M. Friedman P. K. Mukhopadhyay A. Moch M. Ahmed 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2000,43(1-4)
The New York Bight is a sector of the Middle Atlantic continental shelf. The Bight consists of a part of the Atlantic Ocean offshore of the New York and New Jersey metropolitan area. This area includes the most populated coastal setting in North America. The Atlantic shelf and its estuaries are used for waste disposal, dredging, commercial fishing, and recreation; activities that contribute to the contamination of associated bottom sediments. Existing data for toxicants are still inadequate. Improvements in sediment and water quality will require a more detailed knowledge and understanding of sediments and water in the Bight. Eleven coring stations were established in New York Bight. Decreases in pH and Eh both above and below the water/sediment interface are attributed to the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Sulfate reduction is one of the important processes in lowering pH. Low Eh values of up to −443 can be related to sulfate-reducing bacteria. The highest negative Eh generally occurs with the highest organic carbon concentration. Core samples yielded up to 4.00% organic carbon compared to 0.8 to 1.2% in sediments of the natural nearshore environment. Twenty-seven different aliphatic hydrocarbons, fourteen PAHs, five cyclic hydrocarbons, and eight dicarboxylic acids were identified in the Bight pore waters. Sediment located deeper in the Hudson Shelf Valley has a greater abundance of aliphatic hydrocarbons as adsorbed pollution on clay and silt. The presence of dicarboxylic acids leached from plastic came from anthropogenic activities (mostly sewage). PAHs have two sources: coal ash (observed in sediments) and petroleum (part of the sewage, run-offs, and oil spills). The rest of the hydrocarbons have a petroleum or biogenic origin. The high amount of organic carbon may be the result of sewage sludge or originated from natural sources. The main sources of contaminants are dumpsites, emergency releases after heavy rainstorms from sewage-treatment plants, tanker washing, storage transfer spills, run-off, and air-borne pollution. The relatively high accumulation of organic matter causes oxygen depletion, which creates anaerobic conditions. The presence of hydrogen sulfide makes the environment toxic for most of the biota. Detected hydrocarbons, especially PAHs easily enter the food chain and may cause cancer and mutagenic reactions of biota and humans. Organic petrology of six organic-rich sediments from New York Harbor illustrates a diverse population of anthropogenic and natural organic components. Three core samples (V-2, AC-4, and HV-3) contain coarse-textured organic matter. A slim majority of those components are anthropogenic. They are derived mainly from coal combustion by-products. The other two core samples (AC-6 and T-1) contain mainly very fine-grained organic matter. A majority of them are amorphous organic matter (AOM) that is derived from bacterial degradation of modern organic matter. Radionuclide dating (137Cs, K-40, Pb-210) shows post-1950 components for the shallowest intervals in the cores (<30 cm). The post-1950 sediment, distributed in the tops of core, is recycled material from the dumpsites. The underlying sediment has isotopic signatures that suggest dates before active dumping. 相似文献
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16.
本文通过对广西百色盆地煤系地层油砂及下层褐煤中饱和烃、芳烃生物标志物鉴定及进行对比分析，发现两者生物标志物分布特征极为相似。结合有机岩石学研究成果，作者认为油砂中的烃类大部分就是源于这种褐煤。本文通过对百色盆地煤系地层油砂生物标志物进行研究，以对本地区煤系地层油气勘探提供更可靠的科学依据。 相似文献
17.
北京首钢地区大气颗粒物中有机污染物的初步研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
对北京首钢地区大气颗粒物中有机物浓度、族组成及其饱和烃、多环芳烃的组成和分布特征进行了研究.在大气颗粒物中共检测出40多种多环芳烃, 其中属于美国国家环保局(EPA) 优先控制污染物9种, 且大多具有致癌和致突变性.根据生标特征, 有机污染物主要来源于煤的不完全燃烧, 部分来源于汽车尾气的排放.燃煤对首钢地区造成的污染更为严重. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2002,17(3):129-162
Biomass combustion is an important primary source of particles with adsorbed biomarker compounds in the global atmosphere. The introduction of natural product organic compounds into smoke occurs primarily by direct volatilization/steam stripping and by thermal alteration based on combustion temperature. Although the molecular compositions of organic matter in smoke particles are highly variable, the molecular tracers are generally still source specific. Dehydroabietic acid is typically the major tracer for conifer smoke in the atmosphere. Degradation products from biopolymers (e.g. levoglucosan from cellulose, methoxyphenols from lignin) are also excellent tracers. Additional markers of thermally-altered and directly-emitted natural products in smoke have been defined which aids the assessment of the organic matter types and input from biomass combustion to aerosols. The precursor to product approach of compound characterization by organic geochemistry has also been applied successfully to provide source specific tracers for studying the chemistry and dispersion of ambient aerosols and the intermingling of natural with anthropogenic emissions and with smoke plumes. A brief review of the organic matter composition in aerosols derived from the major sources is also given, with emphasis on the detection of biomass burning components. These major sources are the natural background from biogenic detritus (e.g. plant wax, microbes, etc.) and anthropogenic particle emissions (e.g. oils, soot, synthetics, compounds, etc.). The emissions of organic constituents in coal smoke particulate matter are also reviewed and depend on combustion temperature, ventilation, burn time, and coal rank (geologic maturity). The components of peat and brown coal and to a lesser degree semi-bituminous coal consist mainly of hydrocarbons, biomarkers, and aromatic components, quite similar to burning of contemporary biomass. Dispersion from the source and long range transport of smoke particulate matter with the associated organic compounds is also discussed. 相似文献
19.
Based on the fluorescence microscopic study, organic compositional analysis and simulating experiments on core samples and
cuttings in the Suqiao area, it is found that the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing formations have substrata rich in spore,
cuticle, resin and bark. These substrata have high potential for hydrocarbons, with S1 + S2 high up to about 200, high productivity of liquid hydrocarbons (73.5 mg / g or more) and natural gases (up to 194 ml / g).
The substrata are thought to be an important source for natural gases and condensates found in this area.
According to biomarker compounds and carbon and hydrogen isotope data from the Suqiao natural gas-condensate field, the coal
and its simulating products, characteristics of coal-generated gases and oils from a special kind of coal and their correlation
methods are discussed in the paper.
In terms of the geochemical conditions of formation the distribution regularities of paralic coal rich in hydrogen, the commercial
prospects of Carboniferous-Permian coal-generated oils have been evaluated as well. 相似文献
20.
论晋北石炭二叠系紫色高岭石粘土的成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
晋北地区石炭二叠系煤层中与四号及九号煤伴生的含有机质的软质耐火粘土,即高岭石粘上,俗称紫矸或紫木节。对紫矸的成因过去有两种看法:(1)原生沉积的;(2)后期风化残积“由煤变来的”。笔者认为除这两个因素同时存在外,还与成岩后生作用中有机酸的淋滤和高岭石的重结晶、有序化等有关,尤其是后期风化表生作用使有机质氧化淋滤去SiO_2形成一水软铝石、褪色、溶蚀多孔、质地疏松,形成今日所见紫色高岭石粘土。 相似文献