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1.
华北地区晚中生代镁铁质岩浆作用及其地球动力学背景 总被引：20，自引：13，他引：7
华北陆块及周缘地区晚中生代镁铁质岩浆岩的元素-同位素地球化学特征显示岩石圈地幔的区域不均一性。华北内部为古老而富集的EM1型岩石圈地幔,主要岩性为弥散状金云母相橄榄岩;华北北缘的岩石圈地幔相对华北内部在化学成分上饱满,在微量元素特征上高度富集LILE、LREE和亏损Nb-Ta和U-Th,在同位素组成上相对高87Sr/86Sr(i)和εNd(t),为受到再循环古老陆壳组分改造的富集型地幔;华北陆块南缘的岩石圈地幔以高87Sr/86Sr(i)和低εNd(t)为特征,与深俯冲大陆地壳改造作用 (残留陆壳板片和熔体 -地幔反应等多种形式 )密切相关。发育在华北陆块及周缘地区的晚中生代镁铁质岩浆作用形成于岩石圈伸展 -减薄的统一动力学背景。考虑到晚中生代华北陆块受到了来自周缘陆块相互作用,如西南特提斯域构造演化、印支陆块和西伯利亚板块的侧向挤压作用和古太平洋板块迅速向北运动引起的走滑拉分作用的共同影响, 我们倾向认为这些板块边界作用引起的板内效应可能是导致华北岩石圈地幔晚中生代广泛熔融和岩石圈减薄的重要动力来源. 相似文献
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中亚造山带东部分布有多个具有前寒武纪基底的微陆块（额尔古纳、兴安、松嫩和佳木斯地块）,其上存在大量元古宙地质记录,包括2. 5~2. 4 Ga、1. 8 Ga、1. 5~1. 4 Ga、0. 9~0. 6 Ga岩浆事件和中—新元古代沉积序列,它们是回答微陆块与Columbia和Rodinia超大陆演化联系和地球中年期演化的关键对象。额尔古纳、兴安和松嫩地块发育相似的2. 5~1. 8 Ga基底岩石且其间缺少古老的蛇绿岩,它们可能构成了一个联合陆块,其陆核至少在2. 7 Ga前已经形成,从华北克拉通北部裂解出去并在其周缘演化,2. 5 Ga和1. 8 Ga经历了洋陆俯冲作用,未参与克拉通化过程。1. 87~1. 80 Ga岩浆作用很可能是Columbia超大陆周缘俯冲带作用于古老的微陆块之下的产物;兴安地块西部和白乃庙岛弧带1. 45~1. 32 Ga A型花岗岩—流纹岩组合及其向陆缘Hf同位素持续亏损的趋势与劳伦南部Granite—Rhyolite Province和波罗的克拉通西南Fennoscandia十分相似,可能是Columbia超大陆周缘俯冲后撤伸展的产物,俯冲后撤和陆下地幔上涌共同促进了Columbia超大陆的伸展和裂解。兴安地块西部发育岩石组合、碎屑锆石年龄和Hf同位素变化与格林威尔造山有关的同碰撞和碰撞后沉积序列相似的沉积地层,而且碎屑锆石微量元素和Hf同位素随时代的系统性变化也揭示了1. 10~0. 98 Ga地壳明显加厚,伴有大量古老地壳物质重熔,0. 9~0. 8 Ga地壳持续减薄,以古老地壳再造为主,这与Rodinia超大陆聚合阶段格林威尔造山（1080~980 Ma）及随后的垮塌伸展过程基本吻合。松嫩地块东北部954 Ma正长花岗岩很可能是松嫩与佳木斯地块陆—陆碰撞后阶段沉积岩部分熔融的产物,可能代表了Rodinia超大陆碰撞聚合在中亚造山带东部的响应。超大陆周缘前进式俯冲引发佳木斯地块与松嫩—兴安—额尔古纳联合陆块在954 Ma前碰撞拼贴,同时在外缘的佳木斯地块上产生953~939 Ma中钾—高钾钙碱性基性—中性—酸性岩组合,920~880 Ma在各地块上广泛发育中酸性钙碱性岩浆作用。从850 Ma开始,后撤式俯冲导致大量高温的钙碱性酸性岩、双峰式岩浆岩组合产出于松嫩和额尔古纳地块上,直至777 Ma和697 Ma之前开始不断裂解产生古牡丹江洋和古新林洋,而且790~560 Ma期间在额尔古纳地块西北缘、松嫩地块东缘均发育被动大陆边缘沉积,记录了Rodinia超大陆的聚合、伸展—裂解过程。另外,中亚造山带东部乃至全球其他块体上大量1. 5~1. 3 Ga和1. 0~0. 7 Ga与超大陆聚合、伸展—裂解有关的“低谷期”地质记录被不断发掘出来,暗示了地球中年期并不是前人认为的构造宁静期。 相似文献
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东北地区晚古生代-中生代I型和A型花岗岩Nd同位素变化趋势及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国东北地区位于中亚造山带巨型增生陆缘的东段,分布着巨量的具有新生特征的显生宙花岗岩和火山岩。本文对东北地区晚古生代-中生代I和A型花岗岩年代学和Nd同位素组成开展了综合分析和研究。东北地区的I型花岗岩有两种Nd同位素变化趋势:一是以额尔古纳和兴安地块为代表,其εNd(t)随着年龄变新而增大,与造山带垮塌、软流圈上涌的幔源熔体或蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的俯冲交代地幔楔熔体加入引起的地壳增生作用相关。二是以松嫩地块西南区和张广才岭为代表,εNd(t)随着年龄变新而下降,反映花岗岩的熔融源区有从早期的新生岛弧中、下地壳向晚期含更多再循环物质的中、上地壳迁移的趋势。A型花岗岩侵位时代主要有三期,总体上具有正的εNd(t)值,绝大部分tDM21.0Ga,反映了东北地区强烈的地壳增生作用。晚古生代A型花岗岩主要沿着贺根山-黑河断裂分布,可能与兴安和松嫩地块碰撞后伸展作用相关;早中生代A型花岗岩主体分布于张广才岭,与松嫩、佳木斯和兴凯地块的碰撞后伸展作用相关;早白垩世A型花岗岩遍布整个东北地区,可能与古太平洋板块俯冲、后撤导致的区域性伸展作用相关。晚古生代-中生代花岗岩的Nd二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)与侵位年龄(t)的对比展示了东北各构造单元地壳增生作用的差异。与华北北缘中生代花岗岩的特征相似,额尔古纳和佳木斯地块的花岗岩表现出tDM2t+1000Ma的特征,表明这两个地块具有古老的结晶基底。兴安地块、松嫩地块西南区和张广才岭花岗岩的tDM2和侵位年龄差值集中在300~1000Ma,反映不同属性(年轻vs.古老)的地壳物质对熔融源区的贡献。东北地区tDM2和侵位年龄差值小于300Ma的花岗岩岩体极少,仅有乌兰浩特的查干岩体一例,可能由新近增生的新生地壳熔融形成。由Nd同位素特征显示,晚古生代-中生代东北地区显著的地壳增生作用主要发生在缝合带和岩石圈规模的断裂带,幔源岩浆沿断裂带上升到地壳不同深度并形成高εNd(t)和低tDM2的中酸性火成岩。除几个特殊岩体表现出过于亏损或富集Nd同位素的特征,早白垩世东北地区酸性火成岩的Nd同位素组成相近,εNd(t)值集中在0~+3之间,可能暗示此时期东北地区的中、下地壳成分组成趋于一致并与同时期的古太平洋俯冲作用有关。我们的结果显示东北地区晚古生代-中生代花岗岩的起源与古亚洲洋、蒙古鄂霍茨克洋和古太平洋的构造演化相关。这三个古大洋的扩张和俯冲作用提供了大量新生地壳物质,而新生和再循环地壳物质的重熔形成了东北地区大规模的显生宙花岗岩及其对应成分的喷出岩。 相似文献
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微陆块属性及过程:我国东北地区岩石圈地幔性质差异之根本 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
我国东北地区位于中亚造山带的东段,由多个微陆块俯冲拼合所组成,是研究壳幔相互作用的理想地区。但该区岩石圈地幔性质,包括壳幔属性是否解耦、是否有古老地幔残留、导致地幔性质差异的机制是什么,都还不清楚。东北地区多地出露新生代玄武岩并有橄榄岩捕虏体,如松嫩-张广才岭地块的阿巴嘎、五大连池和蛟河,兴安地块的哈拉哈、诺敏和科洛,以及与华北拼合褶皱带处的双辽、伊通和汪清等。其中阿巴嘎、哈拉哈、诺敏、科洛和蛟河的橄榄岩含有Mg#≥91.5的橄榄石,最大Re亏损年龄是2.1~1.9Ga,富集Sr、Nd同位素组成且变化范围大,反映交代作用强烈,这些特征与大陆岩石圈地幔有明显的相似性;而拼合带处的双辽、伊通、汪清及松嫩-张广才岭地块中的五大连池地幔包体橄榄石,Re亏损年龄总体为中元古代,Sr、Nd同位素组成变化范围小,交代作用弱,与大洋岩石圈地幔亲缘性更明显。这些差别总体反映出地块内部与地块边缘相比,有岩石圈地幔形成时代相对较老、亏损程度较高、地幔交代作用较强的特点。但也有例外的情况,如五大连池与科洛相比,更远离贺根山-黑河断裂带,但地幔属性更饱满,反映地块内部深部作用过程可能更强烈。因此,我们认为东北岩石圈地幔性质差异的根本原因与微陆块初始属性和后来的俯冲拼合及软流圈-岩石圈相互作用等有关。 相似文献
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中国东部岩石圈减薄研究中的几个问题 总被引：198，自引：26，他引：198
中国东部岩石圈减薄是近 10年来国内外研究的热门课题 ,但关于岩石圈减薄的具体时间、机制及其构造控制因素 ,多有争论。根据目前的研究资料 ,文中对上述问题进行了全面的讨论。初步认为该岩石圈减薄发生在晚中生代 ,且在 12 0～ 130Ma的早白垩世达到高潮。综合分析认为 ,岩石圈的减薄与东侧太平洋板块的俯冲有关 ,即大洋板块的俯冲作用导致岩石圈加厚 ,进而发生岩石圈拆沉。Os同位素资料显示 ,由地幔橄榄岩包体所反映的新生代岩石圈地幔具有年轻性质 ,与古生代时的岩石圈地幔截然不同。因此笔者认为 ,中国东部现今的岩石圈地幔并不是减薄后的残留 ,它表明中生代时 ,岩石圈地幔和部分下地壳一起通过拆沉作用而沉入软流圈地幔 ,由此而导致软流圈地幔与地壳的直接接触。幔源岩浆的底侵及软流圈对地壳的直接加热作用 ,使上覆地壳发生大规模的岩浆和成矿作用 ,并导致中国东部中生代时期伸展构造的广泛发育。 相似文献
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华北太古代上地幔钕同位素组成、演化及对该区岩石圈地幔不均一性的制约 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年所获得的华北各地区太古代变质火山岩系9个较准确的Sm-Nd同位素年龄及初始Nd同位素比值表明,华北太古代(3500—2500Ma)上地幔都是亏损的,但在1000Ma范围內其ε_(Nd)值一直恒定在+3左右,与全球太古代亏损地幔Nd同位素演化规律一致。这表明华北太古代的构造体制有可能使大量地壳物质重新进入地幔从而保持ε_(Nd)值的恒定。如果华北大陆岩石圈地幔的主体是在太古代时从对流上地幔中分离出来的,利用该区太古代上地幔Nd同位素组成及其可能的sm/Nd值进行计算,可获得该区岩石圈非交代地幔应是与N型大洋中脊玄武岩(以下简称MORB)源类似或更亏损的高亏损地幔,其现代ε-(Nd)值最大变化范围在+7—+23之间。至今在华北我们尚未发现由这种高亏损非交代大陆岩石圈地幔产生的大陆玄武岩。如果某些大陆玄武岩可能产生于大陆岩石圈地幔,则其源区必定是经过地幔交代作用再富集了的地幔。 相似文献
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中国满州里—绥芬河地学断面放射性元素与岩石圈热结构及温度分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据断面域兴安、松嫩地块各时代地层和花岗质岩石及所估算的地壳各结构层的Ｋ、Ｕ、Ｔｈ含量，研究了岩石的热产生率及其变化、以及岩石圈的热结构和温度分布，揭示了兴安、松嫩地块热产生率与岩性及时代的关系。兴安、松嫩地块均以高热流为特征，特别是松嫩地块为明显的高热异常区。岩石圈内的温度分布结合地球物理信息的分析表明，两地块深部地壳可能存在低速高导的部分熔融体。 相似文献
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华北东南部中生代岩石圈地幔性质、组成、富集过程及其形成机理 总被引：30，自引：7，他引：30
本文通过对我国华北东南部中生代幔源岩浆活动的时空分布规律及其地球化学特征的系统总结来进一步厘定该地区中生代岩石圈地幔的性质和组成,并通过与华北内部如鲁中地区中生代岩石圈地幔的对比研究探讨华北东部岩石圈的时空演化规律、富集过程及其形成机理。幔源岩石的 Sr-Nd-Ph 同位素特征表明华北东部中生代岩石圈地幔存在明显的时空不均匀性,其中心部位如鲁中地区以弱富集地幔为主体;而东南部如鲁西南和胶东地区则为类似 EM2型地幔(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr_i 可高达0.7114)。华北东南部中生代岩石圈地幔随时间的演化特征也很明显。这些幔源岩石的地球化学特征和玄武岩中地幔岩捕虏体(橄榄岩和辉石岩)和捕虏晶(橄榄石和辉石)的组成和结构特征皆证明华北东南部中生代岩石圈地幔曾受到过富硅熔体的强烈改造。橄榄岩-熔体的相互反应是该区岩石圈改造和组成转变的重要方式,从而造成古生代高镁橄榄岩转变为晚中生代低镁橄榄岩和辉石岩。进入岩石圈地幔的熔体具下/中地壳物质重熔的特征,从而导致该区晚中生代岩石圈地幔的快速富集。有关华北东部中生代岩石圈减薄和改造的时限、过程和机制等问题也进行较详细的讨论。 相似文献
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北大别晚中生代火山岩的地球化学特征及对北大别构造属性的启示 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
北大别沙村地区发育一套由石英安山岩、粗面岩、粗面斑岩、晶屑凝灰熔岩和凝灰岩组成的晚中生代火山岩系,其K/Ar年龄变化于144～136 Ma。该火山岩系属偏铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石,LILE和LREE富集,Nb-Ta亏损明显,ε(Nd,t)=-18.73～-24.15,Ni(~(87)Sr)/Ni(~(86)Sr)=0.707 0～0.708 5。具有与北淮阳毛坦厂组火山岩(150～135 Ma)一致的元素-同位素地球化学特征。其元素-同位素变化主要受控于源区差异,岩浆源自10％～20％扬子陆块下地壳物质加入的富集岩石圈地幔。北大别与北淮阳构造带晚中生代火山岩有着相似的岩浆源区,暗示华北—扬子陆块俯冲碰撞的岩石圈边界可能并不与晓天—磨子潭断裂壳内缝合线叠合,而可能在水吼—五河断裂或其以南。 相似文献
11.
The lithosphere of northeastern China is composed of the Erguna, Xingan, Songnen, Jiamusi blocks and Mesozoic Wandashan accretionary
complex from west to east. Nd isotope model ages indicate that the Xingan and Songnen blocks have the same Nd model ages ranging
from 500 to 1 000 Ma. These are obviously younger than those of the Jiamusi block (1 500–2 000 Ma) and the Erguna block (1
500–1 700 Ma), reflecting the different evolutions of individual blocks in the early times. Geochemical tracing analysis shows
that the Nd model ages of Paleozoic supercrustal rocks in the four blocks are dominantly Mesoproterozoic, while those of Mesozoic
granites are mainly Neoproterozoic. It is shown that the crust ages of the region are characterized by being younger in the
lower part and older in the upper part. The Os isotope analysis also indicates that the lithosphere mantle of the region is
characteristic of a younger age. The P-wave velocities of the region show more complicated structures in lithosphere and asthenosphere.
First of all, notably different from traditional concept of the seismic lithosphere, the low velocity zone of the lithosphere
beneath the region has no persistent and continuous top interface which is highly varied in depth and intersected with the
high velocity layers, forming sharp velocity discontinuities beneath major tectonic belts, even up to the Moho beneath some
tectonic units. But the bottom interface of the low velocity zone is relatively persistent, occurring at a depth of 230–240
km. Another feature is that the lithosphere is characterized by an “overpass type” velocity structure vertically, in which
the contoured velocity is distributed in the NE trending within the crust, in a nearly NS trending in the lithosphere mantle
from a depth of 45 to 90 km, in a nearly EW trending in the upper part of the asthenosphere from 90 to 170 km and in a ring-like
distribution with a diameter of about 300 km in the lower part of the asthenosphere from 170 to 240 km. The P-wave velocity
is progressively increasing from 240 to 400 km. 相似文献
12.
华北克拉通东部显生宙地幔演化 总被引：23，自引：9，他引：14
华北克拉通东部显生宙以来的地幔可以划分为3种类型:克拉通型地幔,大陆活动带型地幔和大陆裂谷型地幔。1 700 Ma—古生代末,地幔属于克拉通型:ε(Nd,t)值高于-5,为弱富集型;层圈相互作用以幔源的熔体和/或流体与古老的岩石圈地幔的作用为主,但规模较小,范围局部。100 Ma以前的中生代地幔属于“大陆活动带型”:ε(Nd,t)值低,在-5以下,为富集型;地幔中含有地壳的组分,层圈相互作用以下地壳与弱化的岩石圈地幔之间的作用为主;发生的时间为190~100 Ma,高峰期在130 Ma左右;发生的部位邻近莫霍面,导源的岩浆多为钙碱性系列,部位浅,活动范围广泛。100 Ma至新生代,地幔属于“大陆裂谷型”:为亏损型的软流圈地幔,ε(Nd,t)值高,几乎均为正值。层圈相互作用转变为软流圈岩石圈地幔之间的作用,转变的时间具有约40 Ma的过渡时期,前锋开始于100~109 Ma,导源的岩浆大致沿NWW和NEE向的大型断裂带分布。进一步证实了软流圈地幔上隆的不均匀性和主动性。 相似文献
13.
高温高压微束衍射实验进展及其地学应用 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6
同步辐射X射线微束衍射技术与静态高压装置(包括金刚石压砧设备和大腔体压力机设备)结合运用是研究高温高压下物质晶体结构、相变等的有效方法。金刚石压砧高温高压实验技术的发展体现在:在产生极端高温高压的同时,获得准确的实验温度压力值,采用充装气体传压介质等方法减小压力梯度,采用激光双面加温技术和改进激光光路以减小样品径向和轴向的温度梯度。大腔体压力机高温高压实验技术的发展主要表现在产生更高的实验压力,以及测试过程中使样品在一定幅度摆动以消除晶体生长和择优取向对衍射数据的影响。同步辐射X射线微束衍射技术的发展主要表现在更高亮度和更宽能量范围的同步辐射光源的使用、X射线聚焦技术的发展,以及角色散X射线衍射测试技术的进步。介绍了近年来高温高压微束衍射实验在地球科学领域所取得的一些最新进展,包括硅酸盐超钙钛矿的实验发现,铁的高温高压相变及熔融曲线、SiO2 超斯石英相变、橄榄石尖晶石相—超尖晶石相转变压力的精确测定等研究结果;认为硅酸盐超钙钛矿的进一步深入研究,水对地球深部矿物岩石力学性质及熔融行为的影响,高温高压下物质的化学反应性和地球深部元素的地球化学行为等,是今后高温高压实验研究的重要方向。 相似文献
14.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(1):239-261
This paper reviews the Mesozoic continental flood basalts (CFBs) associated with the break-up and dispersal of Gondwana from 185-60 Ma, the conditions for melt generation in mantle plumes and within the continental mantle lithosphere, and possible causes for lithospheric extension. The number of CFB provinces within Gondwana is much less than the number of mantle plumes that are likely to have been emplaced beneath it in the 300 Ma prior to its initial break-up. Also, the difference between the age of the peak of CFB volcanism and that of the oldest adjacent ocean crust decreases with the age of volcanism during the break-up and dispersal of Gondwana. The older CFBs of Karoo and Ferrar appear to have been derived largely from source regions within the mantle lithosphere. It is only in the younger Paranâ-Etendeka and Deccan CFBs that there are igneous rocks with major, trace element and radiogenic isotope ratios indicative of melting within a mantle plume. These younger CFBs are also clearly associated with hot spot traces on the adjacent ocean floor. The widespread 180 Ma magmatic event is attributed to partial melting within the lithosphere in response to thermal incubation over 300 Ma. In the case of the Ferrar (Antarctica) this was focussed by regional plate margin forces. The implication is that supercontinents effectively self-destruct in response to the build up of heat and resultant magmatism, since these effects significantly weaken the lithosphere and make it more susceptible to break-up in response to regional tectonics. The younger CFB of Paranâ-Etendeka was generated, at least in part, because the continental lithosphere had been thinned in response to regional tectonics. While magmatism in the Deccan was triggered by the emplacement of the plume, that too may have been beneath slightly thinned lithosphere. 相似文献
15.
High‐resolution tomographic images of the belt crossing the Japan Trench‐Changbai Mountains‐Dong Ujimqin Qi are represented in this paper, revealing the shape of a subducted slab in the western Pacific region and characteristics of the lithospheric structures under the Changbai Mountains and the Da Hinggan Mountains. Studies of the spatial distribution, subduction time and the time‐lag between the subduction and magmatism, combined with petrology and isotope geochemistry of the Late Mesozoic volcano‐plutonic rocks from the Da Hinggan Mountains‐Yanshan Mountains have further proved the independence of magmatic activities from the subduction of the Pacific plate. The Mesozoic tectono‐thermal evolutionary history and structural characteristics of the lithosphere in the Da Hinggan Mountains and North China suggest that the formation and evolution of magma have probably a close relationship with the delamination and thinning of the continental lithosphere and the underplating resulting from the consequent upwelling of the asthenosphere. On the other hand, the large‐scale strike‐slip fault system, resulting from sinistral shearing of the Pacific plate relative to the Asian continent in the Mesozoic, is responsible for the formation and emplacement of magma on the continental margin. It was the intense crust‐mantle interaction, together with structural deformation at the shallower levels that led to the large tectono‐magmatic belt in the East Asian continental margin. 相似文献
16.
广西地处华南地块、印支地块与西太平洋板块的汇合部位,因特殊的构造部位,广西区内大地构造单元归属、构造单元边界等许多基础地质问题一直存在争议.自新生代以来的板块构造运动对岩石圈的改造,广西地壳与上地幔在地震波速度及温度结构方面具有显著差异.应用卫星重、磁异常数据以及区域重力和航磁资料对广西地区岩石圈密度和磁化率结构及其与上地壳构造的关系开展了研究,结果显示广西地区地壳密度和上地壳磁性结构与现今地表构造较为契合,但下地壳密度结构与上地幔存在不连续现象;此外,岩石圈磁化率结构指示中下地壳存在不同范围和程度的解耦.对广西岩石圈密度与磁性结构的解读认为,在中生代以来岩石圈被大规模改造的背景下,幔源物质上侵至上地壳的规模和范围都有限,这可能是整个广西地区上地幔结构与地壳构造不对应的主要原因. 相似文献
17.
内蒙古小东沟斑岩型钼矿床的成矿时代及成矿物质来源 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
小东沟斑岩型钼矿床位于大兴安岭南段,距北部的西拉木伦河大断裂仅25 km。对小东沟岩体进行了Sr-Nd同位素和铅同位素分析,87Sr/86Sr(t)为0.705 0~0.705 5,εNd(t)为-2.4~-2.8;对主要钼矿体的6件辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析,所获同位素等时线年龄为(138.1±2.8)M a,表明小东沟钼矿床形成于早白垩世。铅同位素分析结果表明小东沟斑岩型钼矿床的成岩成矿物质具有不同来源,成岩物质来自俯冲洋壳衍生的新生地壳物质,而成矿物质来自地幔分异的产物(流体),属于壳源岩浆+幔源流体的组合。结合区域构造演化历史,对小东沟斑岩型钼矿的成因做出如下解释:在早白垩世,大兴安岭开始隆升,岩石圈拆沉,软流圈(层)物质上涌、基性岩浆的底侵以及地幔流体的加入,引起下地壳岩石的熔融,随后更多的地幔含矿流体进入到岩浆房。岩浆携带来自地幔的含矿流体,沿着区域性的EW、NE向深大断裂上侵定位,并在此过程中演化形成富硅、富钾质的花岗岩,最后沿近NS向的断裂侵位到二叠纪地层中,沉淀形成矿床。 相似文献
18.
Tingdong Li 《地学前缘(英文版)》2010,1(1):45-56
<正>The lithospheric structure of China and its adjacent area is very complex and is marked by several prominent characteristics.Firstly,China's continental crust is thick in the west but thins to the east,and thick in the south but thins to the north.Secondly,the continental crust of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau has an average thickness of 60—65 km with a maximum thickness of 80 km,whereas in eastern China the average thickness is 30—35 km,with a minimum thickness of only 5 km in the center of the South China Sea.The average thickness of continental crust in China is 47.6 km,which greatly exceeds the global average thickness of 39.2 km.Thirdly,as with the crust,the lithosphere of China and its adjacent areas shows a general pattern of thicker in the west and south,and thinner in the east and north.The lithosphere of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau and northwestern China has an average thickness of 165 km, with a maximum thickness of 180—200 km in the central and eastern parts of the Tarim Basin,Pamir, and Changdu areas.In contrast,the vast areas to the east of the Da Hinggan Ling—Taihang—Wuling Mountains,including the marginal seas,are characterized by lithospheric thicknesses of only 50—85 km.Fourthly,in western China the lithosphere and asthenosphere behave as a "layered structure", reflecting their dynamic background of plate collision and convergence.The lithosphere and asthenosphere in eastern China display a "block mosaic structure",where the lithosphere is thin and the asthenosphere is very thick,a pattern reflecting the consequences of crustal extension and an upsurge of asthenospheric materials.The latter is responsible for a huge low velocity anomaly at a depth of 85—250 km beneath East Asia and the western Pacific Ocean.Finally,in China there is an age structure of "older in the upper layers and younger in the lower layers" between both the upper and lower crusts and between the crust and the lithospheric mantle. 相似文献
19.
东北和华北地区上地幔成分和热状态对比及对中国东部岩石圈减薄的启示 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
地幔成分与其上覆地壳年龄存在相关关系,年龄越老,地幔越亏损玄武质组分。本文对产于东北和华北地区的尖晶石相橄榄岩包体的成分进行了统计分析,结果显示东北地区橄榄岩包体比华北地区包体更亏损玄武质组分。这说明东北岩石圈地幔比华北上地幔更难熔,但其上覆地壳年龄却远小于华北地区地壳的年龄。这种地壳年龄和地幔组分之间的解耦暗示东北和华北地区的岩石圈地幔形成之后发生了大规模的改造。华北地区的壳幔解耦与中生代岩石圈减薄和增生有关,而东北地区的壳幔解耦则是该区地壳的多期改造和中生代岩石圈减薄和增生等过程综合作用的结果。两地区地幔成分的差异显然与部分熔融程度的不同有关,但影响部分熔融程度的因素很多,目前尚不能确定。包体的平衡温度统计和地温线对比显示东北岩石圈的地温梯度低于华北的地温梯度,可能是东北地区岩石圈减薄的时间要早于华北地区,或者华北岩石圈减薄程度可能大于东北地区的结果,因此中国东部岩石圈减薄存在时空不均一性。 相似文献
20.
A review of the geodynamic setting of large-scale Late Mesozoic gold mineralization in the North China Craton: an association with lithospheric thinning 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
Abundant gold deposits are distributed along the margins of the North China Craton (NCC). Occurring throughout the Precambrian basement and located in or proximal to Mesozoic granitoids, these deposits show a consistent spatial–temporal association with Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous magmatism and are characterized by quartz lode or disseminated styles of mineralization with extensive alteration of wall rock. Their ages are mainly Early Cretaceous (130–110 Ma) and constrain a very short period of metallogenesis. Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic tracers of ores, minerals and associated rocks indicate that gold and associated metals mainly were derived from multi-sources, i.e., the wall rocks (Precambrian basement and Mesozoic granites) and associated mafic rocks.Previous studies, including high surface heat flow, uplift and later basin development, slow seismic wave speeds in the upper mantle, and a change in the character of mantle xenoliths sampled by Paleozoic to Cenozoic magmas, have been used to suggest that ancient, cratonic mantle lithosphere was removed from the base of the NCC some time after the Ordovician, and replaced by younger, less refractory lithospheric mantle. The geochemistry and isotopic compositions of the mafic rocks associated with gold mineralization (130–110 Ma) indicate that they were derived from an ancient enriched lithospheric mantle source; whereas, the mafic dikes and volcanic rocks younger than 110 Ma were derived from a relatively depleted mantle source, i.e., asthenospheric mantle. According to their age and sources, relation to magmatism and geodynamic framework, the gold deposits were formed during lithospheric thinning. The removal of lithospheric mantle and the upwelling of new asthenospheric mantle induced partial melting and dehydration of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust due to an increase of temperature. The fluids derived from the lower crust were mixed with magmatic and meteoric waters, and resulted in the deposition of gold and associated metals. 相似文献