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以一个社区太阳能项目为例,借助可持续生计框架,通过半结构访谈等参与式方式,协助村民自主开发评估指标,围绕指标开发调查问卷,协助农户参与完成整个评估过程。评估得出太阳能项目对社区有显著的正面影响。项目对社区的自然资产、金融资产和人力资产的增加作用相对更大。在案例分析的同时,探讨了社区发展项目中,参与式社区影响评估的方法和操作过程。 相似文献
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把青藏高原放在全球之中去研究──青藏研究项目中期评估国家科委委托中国科学院聘请以李廷栋院士为组长的评估专家组,对国家攀登计划A85-29“青藏高原形成演化、环境变迁与生态系统研究”项目进行中期评估。 相似文献
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通过对建设用地地质灾害危险性评估的介绍,分析了地质灾害评估工作的特点,本文以广州市公安局反恐训练基地项目为例,对建设用地适宜性进行评估进行探讨。 相似文献
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随着全球变化加剧,世界各地自然灾害的频发,国际社会为应对自然灾害进行了不懈努 力,历届世界减灾大会不断强调对应急管理全流程的研究,恢复重建作为应急管理的重要环节而 得到广泛重视。积极开展灾区恢复重建后效评估有利于保障灾区恢复重建实施与区域可持续发 展。灾区恢复重建后效评估研究时间较短,首先比较分析了国内外恢复重建的内涵,明确了恢复 重建后效评估的基本概念,并梳理了灾区恢复重建后效评估的在中国的发展演变。由于灾区恢复 重建内容复杂多样,本文结合灾区恢复重建后效评估的发展历程、研究范围与关注时段,分别从项 目、要素与可持续性三个关键视角对后效评估的理论方法等展开评述,结果表明：（1）项目后效评 估在灾区恢复重建后效评估中起步较早,现有评估多集中于居民住房、基础设施、公共设施等工程 质量的评估,但缺乏对项目设计过程中社会居民参与度、公众满意度以及社会经济效益等的评 估。（2）要素后效评估在灾区恢复重建后效评估中涉及范围最广,具体包括社会、经济与环境等要 素,这些要素的评估受政策绩效影响较大,后期需要构建综合的评估体系以开展科学评估。（3）可 持续性后效评估以联合国可持续发展目标与地方国民经济与社会发展计划为基础构建评估框架, 有利于促进灾区的可持续发展。通过综合分析《仙台减轻灾害风险框架》中“重建的更好”(BBB)理 念,联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）以及《巴黎协定》适应全球变化等诉求,结合当前灾区恢复重建 后效评估现状进行展望,以期为灾区恢复重建与可持续发展提供一个更为系统、综合的技术参考。 相似文献
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GIS应用项目可行性研究初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孔云峰 《地理与地理信息科学》2006,22(1):35-39
总结GIS应用项目可行性研究的基本理念、主要内容和工作步骤,认为全面的GIS项目可行性研究是在战略层次上分析组织环境,在战术层次上全面评估技术、财务、组织与实施方面的可行性,并撰写研究报告、论证报告建议。技术可行性分析包括产品的成熟程度评估、系统集成方案复杂程度评估和招聘技术人员的难易程度评估;财务可行性分析是识别项目成本和收益的类别和细目、估算成本并预期收益、计算财务指标;组织与实施可行性分析是组织对组织变革的适应性、接受程度做出判断。建议采用案例研究的方法,总结国内可行性研究的经验与教训,编制更实用的研究指南。 相似文献
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伦敦、纽约、东京等国外大城市建立了较为完备的规划实施评估体系,能够为完善中国城市体检评估制度提供参考。城市体检与规划实施评估是对城市发展中阶段性问题的响应,也是政策制定和制度安排的产物。城市体检评估已成为中国城市规划实施效果评价的新模式以及进行规划动态维护的重要依据。受社会体制、历史文化等因素影响,国内外大城市形成了差异化的“实施前协商-数据采集-分析论证-问题诊断-实施后反馈”评估框架。从评估指标体系来看,中国城市体检评估指标以宏观经济社会指标为主,伦敦等国外大城市还会对新建项目、新增设施情况进行动态监测。从评估方法来看,大数据与智能化数字平台的发展有力增强了评估的精准度和科学性,国外大城市在社区微观层面评估和多元主体参与协作方面进行了较多探索。基于此,提出以下优化中国城市体检评估体系的对策建议,包括动态优化指标体系、挖掘利用多源城市数据、加强多层级评估的协调、完善常态化保障机制。 相似文献
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工程建设项目在项目开展前进行地质灾害危险性评估对减灾防灾有着重要作用。本文通过实际调查与数据分析,对贵阳市花溪区某建设用地进行了地质灾害危险性评估,发现该地存在一定的潜在危险性,提出相应措施对这些潜在危害进行防治,为建设单位下一步工作提供了依据。 相似文献
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等高活篱笆试验研究的若干问题* 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文讨论了等高活篱笆技术在设计、管理和效益分析等方面的原则与方法,指出应结合当地的自然条件和社会经济需求,围绕一两种主要功用来应用这种坡地持续利用技术。植物种类选择和篱笆的管理应以篱笆植物的属性、篱笆的形成及农林复合系统中各组分的和谐关系为依据。活篱笆改善生态的功能、社会经济效益宜采用费用-效益分析的方法进行评价。 相似文献
12.
Daniel R. Block Euan Hague Winifred Curran Howard Rosing 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(2):284-290
Geographers have increasingly adopted community-based learning and research into their teaching and scholarly activities since Bunge and Harvey called for an applied public geography that is both useful and challenges societal inequalities. With few exceptions, however, there has been little discussion of methods for measuring this work. Many published assessments focus on the impacts of projects on students but overlook the impacts on community partners. Impacts on faculty and the larger university community are also often ignored. This article discusses literature on the evaluation of community–university research and service learning from a critical perspective. A discussion of service learning and community-based research (CBR) projects at two Chicago universities, DePaul and Chicago State, is presented. In both cases challenges were encountered to achieve full evaluation of projects, yet both included an evaluation of university and community partners that allowed for assessment of the projects’ value to all partners. 相似文献
13.
“一带一路”倡议提出以来,中国海外项目投资的广度、深度及力度都在不断拓展。凑组理论将所有事物视为复杂关系的动态演变,因而从发展过程及成员关系的角度探究不同海外投资项目的凑组模式,能解构项目凑组中的复杂性并减少不确定性,对于提高项目的风险规避能力、运营能力和盈利能力具有十分重要的意义。基于凑组理论,本文构建中国海外投资项目凑组的理论框架,并以中老铁路为例解析凑组模式。研究表明：① 海外投资项目可以通过技术、产业和市场等价值关联进行凑组,因而中国企业的海外投资可以采用“以一带多,核心集聚”的方式。② 海外投资项目的类型和领域越多样越广泛,项目凑组越完整越稳定。③ 凑组所形成的空间形态取决于项目的空间分布与项目间的价值关系,中老铁路表现为“走廊”式空间形态。④ 中老铁路具备形成项目凑组的条件,但后期技术需求的不确定及相关产业下游项目投资的缺乏,使中老铁路建设带来的延伸市场缺乏项目支撑。 相似文献
14.
汶川地震灾后人口与居民点空间配置的适宜性评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
The suitability evaluation of population and settlements spatial layout in the mountainous areas is an important basis on which the scale of population and settlement after Wenchuan Earthquake is determined. Based on the statistical data of field research, this paper chooses 1264 towns in 51 counties as the scope of evaluation, selects eight indices in the evaluation index system which includes post-disaster population scale, population density, urbanization rate, the percentage of migrant workers, death rate by earthquake, the percentage of minorities, elevation-slope integrated terrain and comprehensive geological condition. Besides, this paper uses AHP supported by entropy technique and fuzzy membership function model to calculate the suitability evaluation index and then divides the disaster areas into five types: highly suitable area (area accounted for 11.03%), relatively highly suitable area (15.29%), moderately suitable area (29%), less suitable area (30.08%) and unsuitable area (14.6%). According to the result of suitability evaluation, this paper puts forward several suggestions for the reconstruction as follows: the urban system and the building of new countryside should be guided by the suitability evaluation subareas; post-earthquake reconstruction avoids zones near Longmenshan fracture and high-mountain gorge areas as far as possible; the scale of population and settlement should not exceed the capacity of resources and environment; population should be resettled as close as possible by considering adequately the heterogenicity and homogeneity of regional nationality culture characteristics; densely resettle the people at plains and hilly areas; encourage the migrant workers settle in the working place with their families voluntarily; and urban system reconstruction such as industry layout and important projects of lifeline should be guided by the spatial layout suitability evaluation. 相似文献
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运用定量指标研究岩体风化问题的探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在分析国内外岩体风化问题研究现状的问题上，指出了目前岩体风化评价存在的主要问题。结合实际工程资料，从影响岩体风化的主要因素出发，选择了表征风化特征的代表性定量指标，并分析了指标间的相关性。这为风化岩体的量化评价提供了依据。 相似文献
16.
Embedded technology transfer from an institution and culture nexus perspective: Experiences from the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard-Gauge Railway 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Modern railway projects,characterized by"natural monopoly",large investment,and far-reaching influences,are highly dependent on the institutional and cultural environ-ments in China.The countries along the Belt and Road are characterized by weak institutions,unstable politics,and poor technology foundations,which are largely different from China.These factors are severe obstacles to international technology transfer.By summarizing the experiences from the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard-Gauge Railway(SGR)project,this study proposes a framework for embedded technology transfer with a technology-institution-culture nexus.The results indicate that technology localization,including technology standards,management mode,and industrial chain,should be realized in the process of technology transfer.Then,the host government ought to overhaul its institutional and policy framework to support the infrastructure projects.Moreover,the cultural conflicts between the transferor and transferee should be taken seriously.This experience could provide references for other in-ternational infrastructure technology transfers. 相似文献
17.
生态保护工程和气候变化对长江源区植被变化的影响量化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
分析长江源区生态保护工程和气候变化对植被变化的影响程度,对于长江源区生态工程的生态效益评估,以及区域植被适应性生态管理政策的制定具有重要意义。因此,本文基于1982-2015年的归一化植被指数数据(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI)和气象数据,分析长江源区植被NDVI的时空变化规律,构建预测植被NDVI对气候因子响应的人工神经网络模型,在此基础上,在年和季节尺度上量化气候变化和生态保护工程对长江源区植被变化的影响程度。结果表明:①在长江源区气候条件变化和生态保护工程影响下,长江源区植被退化得到遏制,植被生长呈好转趋势;②海拔相对较低的通天河附近植被NDVI增加幅度较大,高海拔的沱沱河和当曲流域的植被NDVI增加幅度相对较小;③长江源区植被NDVI对气候因子响应存在1～2月的滞后性。构建的人工神经网络模型的拟合优度参数人工神经网模型具有较高的预测精度,可以用来模拟植被NDVI对气候因子的响应;④年尺度的植被NDVI增加受到生态保护工程的影响程度(58.5%)大于气候变化的影响程度(41.5%)。生长季生态保护工程对NDVI的影响程度(63.3%)大于气候变化对NDVI的影响程度(36.7%),而非生长季气候变化是影响长江源区植被生长的关键要素(52.8%)。研究结果有助于为长江源区植被生态系统恢复、管理和利用战略的科学制定提供决策依据。 相似文献
18.
《地理学报(英文版)》2021,(5)
Modern railway projects, characterized by "natural monopoly", large investment, and far-reaching influences, are highly dependent on the institutional and cultural environments in China. The countries along the Belt and Road are characterized by weak institutions, unstable politics, and poor technology foundations, which are largely different from China. These factors are severe obstacles to international technology transfer. By summarizing the experiences from the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard-Gauge Railway(SGR) project, this study proposes a framework for embedded technology transfer with a technology-institution-culture nexus. The results indicate that technology localization, including technology standards, management mode, and industrial chain, should be realized in the process of technology transfer. Then, the host government ought to overhaul its institutional and policy framework to support the infrastructure projects. Moreover, the cultural conflicts between the transferor and transferee should be taken seriously. This experience could provide references for other international infrastructure technology transfers. 相似文献
19.
There is a gap between the great vision and high-quality targets of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and Western recognition of them,which challenges Chinese and West-ern scholars.This gap should be narrowed by conducting in-depth case studies and com-parative studies at the project level.In recent years,the international academic community has paid increasing attention to Chinese outward foreign direct investment(FDI),but Belt and Road construction is much broader in scope,comprising not only FDI projects but also China-financed projects and emerging mixed projects.Our investigation,observation,and examination of the BRI projects find that compared to their Western counterparts,Chinese enterprises have less experience in doing business in other countries and often pay less at-tention to institutional and cultural differences between China and the host countries.Thus,revisiting the institutional and cultural turn in economic geography and employing its ideas to analyze the BRI projects and summarize their construction modes may contribute to the de-velopment of both economic geography and the BRI.This paper first briefly reviews the background and research trends of the institutional and cultural turn and then summarizes three major modes of Belt and Road construction,namely,EPC(Engineering Procurement Construction)-based projects,concession-based projects,and FDI;finally,it draws on the institutional and cultural turn to classify the BRI projects according to the two indicators of"Breadth and Depth of Territorial Embeddedness"and"Destructive Effect of a Project and/or Technology"into four types:transformative,supportive,ordinary projects and overseas in-dustrial cooperation parks.Different institutional and cultural sensitivity can be observed for each type of project.The preliminary theorization proposed in this paper may offer a potential framework for further research on the BRI. 相似文献
20.
《地理学报(英文版)》2021,(5)
There is a gap between the great vision and high-quality targets of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) and Western recognition of them, which challenges Chinese and Western scholars. This gap should be narrowed by conducting in-depth case studies and comparative studies at the project level. In recent years, the international academic community has paid increasing attention to Chinese outward foreign direct investment(FDI), but Belt and Road construction is much broader in scope, comprising not only FDI projects but also China-financed projects and emerging mixed projects. Our investigation, observation, and examination of the BRI projects find that compared to their Western counterparts, Chinese enterprises have less experience in doing business in other countries and often pay less attention to institutional and cultural differences between China and the host countries. Thus, revisiting the institutional and cultural turn in economic geography and employing its ideas to analyze the BRI projects and summarize their construction modes may contribute to the development of both economic geography and the BRI. This paper first briefly reviews the background and research trends of the institutional and cultural turn and then summarizes three major modes of Belt and Road construction, namely, EPC(Engineering Procurement Construction)-based projects, concession-based projects, and FDI; finally, it draws on the institutional and cultural turn to classify the BRI projects according to the two indicators of "Breadth and Depth of Territorial Embeddedness" and "Destructive Effect of a Project and/or Technology" into four types: transformative, supportive, ordinary projects and overseas industrial cooperation parks. Different institutional and cultural sensitivity can be observed for each type of project. The preliminary theorization proposed in this paper may offer a potential framework for further research on the BRI. 相似文献