共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
地理信息系统中的网络模型 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
社会中的很多空间现象,如交通、信息交流和生活消费品的运输等都是线性的。在ARC INFO地理信息系统(GIS)中,这些线性现象经过组织和处理,能够建立成网络及其数据库。从而可用来解决资源的合理分配和流动、交通运输中的最佳路线选择等问题。 相似文献
2.
FULONG WU 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):63-82
This paper presents a prototype of a simulation model based on cellular automata (CA), and multicriteria evaluation (MCE) and integrated with GIS. Specifically, a method, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), of MCE is used here to derive behaviour-oriented rules of transition in CA. A ‘tight' integration strategy is adopted, which means that the modules of MCE and CA are written in the C programming language and built within ARC/INFO GIS. Designed to run on a workstation Unix SimL and fully utilizes the graphical user interface (GUI),which allows the modelto be driven by menusand automate the simulation of land conversion in the urban-rural fringe. The combination of three elements, GIS, CA, and MCE, has several advantages: visualization of decision-making, easier access to spatial information, and the more realistic definition of transition rules in CA. 相似文献
3.
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):477-485
It is generally known that many traditional measures of segregation cannot distinguish different spatial population patterns. Several spatial measures of segregation have been proposed to overcome this problem, but these spatial measures are difficult to use because they require explicit spatial information and complex computation. This paper shows that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide the spatial information required by these indices and that statistical packages can offer the complex computation functions needed to calculate the indices. We use ARC/INFO as the GIS package and S-Plus as the statistical package to demonstrate how spatial segregation indices can be calculated by combining the capabilities of these two types of systems. 相似文献
4.
POH-CHIN LAI 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):329-345
Abstract In the face of limited and declining budgets, the estimation of costs involved in implementing a geographical information system (GIS) deserves attention. One of the major procedures inherent in the use of GIS is the task of digitizing existing maps. This step is not only the first but may also occur at various stages of the implementation. There is, however, a lack of information on the cost of digitizing. This paper identifies the costs of an intensive effort at manual digitizing over a period of eleven months using the ARC/INFO GIS on a Prime 9650 mini-computer. General costs for digitizing one layer of information from a U.S. Geological Survey 1:24 000 quadrangle are derived. Although the results are based on factors which are unique to this study, the author believes that the findings provide useful bases for estimating costs of digitizing. 相似文献
5.
Ayse Can 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1009-1017
Abstract This paper reports on software to construct alternative weight matrices and to compute spatial autocorrelation statistics, namely the Moran coefficient and the Geary coefficient using Arc/Info’s data structure. As such it is an addition to recent efforts in linking GIS with exploratory spatial data analysis. The software is interfaced with Arc/Info via the Arc Macro Language (AML) so that it can be run in the ARC environment. This allows the user to perform exploratory analysis within GIS which may provide insights in subsequent spatial analysis and modelling. 相似文献
6.
Piotr Jankowski 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):251-273
Abstract Many spatial decision-making problems, such as site selection or land use allocation require the decision-maker to consider the impacts of choice-alternatives along multiple dimensions in order to choose the best alternative. The decision-making process, involving policy priorities, trade-offs, and uncertainties, can be aided by Multiple Criteria Decision making (MCDM) methods. This paper presents a framework for integrating geographical information systems (GIS) and MCDM methods. In this framework the MCDM methods are classified and matched with choice heuristics used by the decision-makers in the presence of competing alternatives and multiple evaluation criteria. Two strategies for integrating GIS with MCDM are proposed. The first strategy suggests linking GIS and MCDM techniques using a file exchange mechanism. The second strategy suggests integrating GIS and MCDM functions using a common database. The paper presents the implementation of the first strategy using PC-ARC/INFO, a file exchange module, and four different MCDM computer programs. 相似文献
7.
GIS及其在三高农业规划中的应用初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文简要介绍了地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）的基本概念及功能,并尝试把ＰＣ ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ应用于三高农业规划。通过实例应用,认为ＧＩＳ在三高农业规划及管理方面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
8.
9.
ANIL K. SINHA THOMAS C. WAUGH 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):91-99
Abstract GEOVIEW, an integrated system, uses relational database technology and a graphics package (Graphical Kernel System) to offer a flexible environment in which to develop applications of geographical information systems (GIS). It has facilities to represent data in different spatial data structures. Data are stored and retrieved efficiently by using variable length raw data. The unified representation offers the benefit of storing entities in a single relation and eases the process of overlaying different entities. GEOVIEW also provides a mechanism for tailoring user interfaces to suit the needs of different applications by means of a facility to generate macros and menus. Processing requirements for GIS applications can be supported by using tools provided by relational database technology and by graphics packages. High-level language interfaces which can process dynamic statements and bind dynamic variables are needed to develop an efficient database interface module. A graphics segment facility is essential to provide editing functions and to maximize the use of the local processing power of graphics workstations in the graphics interface module. Further improvements in performance can be made by using the array fetch facility and linear keys for spatial searching. 相似文献
10.
Richard T. Pascoe John P. Penny 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):275-291
Abstract An interface is a software package used, alone or in conjunction with other interfaces, to transfer data from one geographical information system to another, or between different representations within a single GIS. The aim in this paper is to extend the traditional view of an interface to include interfaces that use communication networks to move data between (and within) GIS. We suggest that, to exchange data across a network, the best solution may be to construct a set of communicating interfaces, each able to send data to, and receive data from, other communicating interfaces. We describe a working set of communicating interfaces that transfer data between a number of GIS data representations. 相似文献
11.
森林资源信息提取和制图技术方法研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
森林资源信息的提取和制图依赖于大量空间数据的有效处理,探讨了ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ７．０．１和ＡＲＣＶＩＥＷ３．０地理信息系统在森林资源信息提取,分析及制图等方面的技术方法,并以中国东北部大兴安岭地区的塔源林场为例,对方法的具体应用作了阐述。 相似文献
12.
我国低山丘陵区水土流失生态环境背景分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
我国是一个以山地为主的国家，山地多为大江大河的源头，而低山丘陵为这些大江大河支流的发源地，这些区域的水土流失必然会带来环境问题。本文以TM影象为数据源，以GIS为技术支撑，从DEM中获取低山丘陵层，以此为MASK层，提取水土流失及相应的生态环境背景各层，包括土地利用、坡度、年降水、积温、植被等生态背景层，这些背景层是多年数据的平均，然后把水土流失层与环境背景各层分别叠加，分析不同环境背景下水土流失状况，从而为治理水土流失提出科学依据。 相似文献
13.
N. P. A. GREEN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):279-290
Abstract Abstract In the United Kingdom, as in many other countries, interest is growing rapidly in the nature and capabilities of geographical information systems (GIS). Given the relatively small number of systems currently in use and, in particular, the very restricted number of individuals who have used GIS for a wide range of applications, a conflict of interests arises. It is desirable that education and training are provided on demand and that ad hoc queries are answered: yet the provision for this advice and teaching falls at present upon the most skilled and expert proponents and diminishes their capability to develop or exploit GIS in other ways. The increase in demand for training can, in principle, be satisfied by the creation and use of a computerized tutor which deals with the fundamental concepts of GIS. ARCDEMO is a demonstrator, a primitive tutor, developed to show the capabilities of the ARC/INFO GIS, and its design and implementation arc described. The system contains both text and multicolour graphics, sections of which can be viewed in sequence or selectively from a menu. Operations covered by the demonstrator include: automatic validation and correction of data; change of projection; selective retrieval of spatial data; map overlay; and network analysis. A second demonstrator, called ECDEMO, was developed from the basic structure of ARCDEMO but illustrates an environmental data base established for the European Community. We describe the extent of use and successes and failures of these demonstrators and, on the basis of this experience, we set out desiderata for fully-fledged tutors, suggest the contributions which could be made by knowledge-based systems, outline the machine and human resources needed for running such tutors and conjecture the merits of an international collaborative project to set up a GIS tutor with appropriate national data sets. 相似文献
14.
REGINALD G. GOLLEDGE JACK M. LOOMIS ROBERTA L. KLATZKY ANDREAS FLURY XIAO LI YANG 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):373-395
Abstract This paper reports on progress towards the development of a personal guidance system for a blind navigator. The system is being developed in light of the unique problems facing the blind traveller, which are discussed first. The system consists of four modules: a locator unit, a detailed spatial database, an algorithm for path selection and a user interface. Suggestions are offered for alternative ways of handling the locator problem using a global positioning system or a database query system. The nature of the geographic information system (GIS) to be used as a host for the database is discussed, followed by brief statement of the criteria for choosing an algorithm for path selection and suggestions on types of user interfaces best suited to the system. A report on a pilot-study GIS is presented. Special problems of database and system design are highlighted. 相似文献
15.
16.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):167-172
Abstract The SYMAP program for producing line-printed maps on the computer is considered with respect to problems the new user is likely to have. Two groups of electives or options in the F-MAP package are discussed in detail: those that control map size and orientation and those that permit manipulation of the interpolation algorithm. Some classroom examples are suggested that emphasize the heuristic nature of the SYMAP program. 相似文献
17.
D. J. ABEL S. K. YAP R. ACKLAND M. A. CAMERON D. F. SMITH G. WALKER 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):193-204
Abstract Recent changes in information technology offer the opportunity to explore alternative architectures for geographical information systems (GIS) which might better support advanced applications. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of the environmental decision support system (EDSS), a prototype GIS tool kit. The architecture is based on a simple yet powerful systems model using only data collections, views and operations as the basic entity types. The design of the user interface, data management and data analysis within the model are outlined, with particular emphasis on the advanced facilities for which implementation is simplified by the architecture. A prototype applications system, BANKSIA, is also described. 相似文献
18.
基于GIS制作遥感影像地图的研究与实践 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
遥感与地理信息系统一体化是科学技术发展的趋势,遥感影像地图是现代地图发展的新图型。本文介绍了基于CITYSTAR进行遥感影像地图编制的研究和实践,阐述了其工艺过程和关键技术,并以厦门和达竹两个例子说明具体的工作方法与步骤。 相似文献
19.
Paper-Based GIS: A Practical Answer to the Implementation of GIS Education into Resource-Poor Schools in South Africa 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4):148-157
Abstract Geographical information systems (GIS) were phased into the geography curriculum of South African schools from 2006–2008 as part of the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) for grades 10–12. Since its introduction, GIS education in schools across the country has been met with a number of challenges including the cost of purchasing the hardware and software required to elucidate the basic concepts of GIS to learners. This article examines the introduction of GIS education in schools in South Africa. The development and distribution of a paper-based GIS educational package for resource-poor schools in the country is also highlighted. Preliminary educator and learner evaluations of the paper-based GIS package are discussed and the broader learning opportunities and benefits associated with flexible teaching mechanisms are examined. 相似文献
20.
洪水灾情评估信息系统研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
本文以黄河下游流域为试验区,分析研究洪水灾情评估信息系统的设计,建立与应用。首先,运用结构化设计原理,从用户调查、数据库设计、模型库设计和系统定义四方面论述了洪水灾情评估信息系统概念设计;然后,以ARC/INFO为主要支撑软件,建立了黄河下游洪水灾情评估实验型信息系统。其中专题数据库由11个专题要素构成;模型库包括基础数理模型、统计分析与空间分析模型和专业应用分析模型三个不同层次的模型。并开展了此系统的应用示范。 相似文献