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1.
宁羌地区凹山和太山铁矿床中磷灰石Sr同位素特征及意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
余金杰 《地质论评》2003,49(3):272-276
太山铁(磷)矿床和凹山铁矿床中磷灰石^87Sr／^86Sr值介于0．7071～0．7073，同辉长闪长(功)岩、龙王山组粗安岩和大王山组安山岩Sr同位素初始比(0.7040～0.7077)基本接近。说明磷灰石由壳樱同熔型中基性岩浆不混溶和分异作用所形成，而磷灰石中熔融包裹体和气液二相包裹体共存表明，磷灰石由矿浆一热液过渡性流体充填、交代作用所形成。  相似文献   

2.
阿巴宫富磷灰石磁铁矿床位于新疆阿尔泰南缘地区克朗盆地,具有Kiruna型铁矿典型特征。本文对矿床中磷灰石和石英中的包裹体进行了详细的岩相学观察、对流体包裹体进行了显微测温和激光拉曼成分研究,并测定了磷灰石和石英的氢、氧同位素以及硫化物的硫同位素组成。结果表明,不同成矿阶段磷灰石中的包裹体具有明显不同的特征,代表了不同的熔体和流体系统,且流体由早阶段到晚阶段具有一定的演化规律。第一和第二成矿阶段磷灰石中主要为熔融包裹体、流体包裹体和单矿物包裹体,成矿流体分别是高温(主要为290~460℃)中盐度(10.36%~17.79%NaCleqv)和中温(主要为230~290℃)中盐度(16.99%~22.4%NaCleqv)的富Ca2+的H2O-NaCl体系,是富挥发分的Fe-P熔体在结晶过程中捕获熔体和流体的结果。第三成矿阶段的磷灰石和石英中的包裹体特征相似,主要为熔体-流体包裹体、液相包裹体、含液体CO2三相包裹体、含子矿物H2O-NaCl型多相包裹体和含子矿物H2O-CO2-NaCl型多相包裹体。成矿流体温度变化于160~320℃,中低盐度(1.06%~23.1%NaCleqv),少量高盐度变化于33.5%~42%NaCleqv,属H2O-CO2-NaCl体系,是岩浆-热液阶段出溶的流体发生沸腾作用的结果。磷灰石和石英的δD较为接近,分别为-139‰~-118‰和-145‰~-104‰。成矿流体的δ18OH2O值显示以岩浆水为主,从早阶段(4.9‰~9.1‰)向晚阶段(1.5‰~6.0‰)有降低的趋势。硫化物的δ34S(0.4‰~5.2‰)表明硫来自深部岩浆。结合阿巴宫富磷灰石磁铁矿床的地质特征,认为矿床的形成与不混溶作用的发生有关,早阶段成矿是碳酸盐围岩的加入导致富挥发分Fe-P熔体与富Si熔体发生不混溶,由富Fe-P熔体发生分离结晶和堆晶作用形成;晚阶段成矿是富Fe-P熔体演化晚期,由于减压降温导致流体出溶并发生大规模的不混溶(沸腾),即在岩浆-热液过渡阶段由熔体结晶形成。  相似文献   

3.
宁芜盆地凹山和东山铁矿床流体包裹体和氢氧同位素研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6  
本文对宁芜地区凹山和东山铁矿床中的磷灰石流体包襄体进行了较为系统的测温研究,并测定了不同时期形成的磁铁矿、阳起石和石英的 H、O 同位素组成。凹山和东山铁矿磷灰石含有丰富的流体包裹体,原生气液包裹体包括早期细长管状、针状包裹体(类型Ⅱ)和晚期不规则状包襄体(类型Ⅰ);早期包裹体又可分为单一液相包裹体(类型Ⅱ-a)、气液两相(富气相)包襄体(类型Ⅱ-b)、气液两相(富液相)包裹体(类型Ⅱ-c)和气相、液相及固相多相包裹体(类型Ⅱ-d)四种亚类。包襄体中至少含有五种不同的子矿物。磷灰石包裹体记录了多个峰值温度,从600℃～800℃到～410℃和～270℃,分别对应于磷灰石(磁铁矿 透辉石)、阳起石和石英的形成。流体的盐度随温度的降低而逐渐减小,从高达～80%NaCl equiv。到<20%NaCl equiv。磷灰石形成时流体处于不均匀的状态,流体包裹体为非均一捕获。H、O 同位素研究显示成矿流体早期为演化的初始岩浆(水),在高温下形成了铁矿石;此后,成矿流体有可能与蒸发盆地卤水或大气降水发生混合;晚期则可能有较显著的大气降水加入。  相似文献   

4.
本文对南岭地区燕山期两类不同成因花岗岩(改造型及同熔型)共5个岩体23个人工重砂样品中磷灰石作了较详细的矿物学工作,包括矿物的物理性质、化学成分、稀土元素地球化学特征、红外吸收光谱以及锶同位素特征等。研究结果表明,所研究的两类不同成因花岗岩中的磷灰石标型特征有较明显区别:改造型花岗岩磷灰石为不够完整的六方柱状晶形,相对密度、硬度、红外光谱吸收带某些特征值及其初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值均稍大(强)于同熔型花岗岩的磷灰石;改造型花岗岩的磷灰石中较富含Mn、REE及F,同熔型磷灰石中较富含Cu、Pb和Cl。文中探讨了磷灰石标型特征的控制因素和形成规律,为其母岩的成因、物质来源提供了矿物学标志和信息。  相似文献   

5.
CCSD主孔榴辉岩中磷灰石微区微量元素和Sr同位素组成研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
本文利用LA-ICP-MS和LA-MC-ICP-MS对CCSD-MH中一件强退变多硅白云母榴辉岩中一粗粒(～2mm×6.5mm)磷灰石进行了详细的微区微量元素和Sr同位素组成研究。线扫描剖面分析和单点分析结果共同表明该磷灰石颗粒的微量元素和Sr同位素组成不均一。总体上Na、Sr、LREE、MREE、U、Th和Pb等元素具有从中心到两侧含量逐渐降低的特征。磷灰石主体部分HREE含量均一,但和石榴石紧密相邻的边部(～400μm)HREE显著富集。Na、Sr、LREE和MREE等元素在个别区域明显具有先升高、然后再降低的变化规律。磷灰石最边部(<200μm)相对于核部区域显著高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值。结合磷灰石中微量元素分配和扩散行为的实验研究以及磷灰石晶体化学特征,磷灰石微量元素组成变化应主要记录了磷灰石复杂的生长过程。Sr、LREE和MREE从核部到边部逐渐降低的总体特征指示磷灰石从中心向两侧的生长过程,而局部出现的次级先升高—再降低的变化规律则反映了磷灰石经历的多次溶解和再生长作用。HREE含量均一的磷灰石主体形成于石榴石稳定存在的超高压变质作用阶段。和石榴石紧密相邻的磷灰石边部显著富集HREE的特征则是折返过程中短时增温作用导致石榴石释放HREE和/或退变质阶段石榴石分解释放HREE共同作用的结果。磷灰石最边部显著高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr的特征则记录了角闪岩相退变质阶段多硅白云母的分解作用。  相似文献   

6.
通过对塔里木盆地中、北部地区寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩的研究,发现鞍形白云石胶结物发育比较普遍,常见于孔洞或裂缝之中,乳白色,晶体粗大,晶面弯曲或呈阶梯状,镜下波状消光,晶体内部常见微裂缝,常与热液矿物共生。本文对28个鞍形白云石样品进行了碳、氧、锶同位素测试,结果显示鞍形白云石的δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O值分别介于-2.446‰～0.686‰和-9.101‰～-5.117‰之间,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值介于0.708 6～0.710 2之间;流体包裹体测温分析表明,鞍形白云石中气—液两相包裹体的均一温度(T_h)介于121～159.5℃之间,但集中分布在135～145℃之间;根据最后冰融点温度(T_m)求得的白云岩化流体盐度介于21.3%～23.1%之间。这些数据表明,该类型白云石形成于热卤水(盐度是海水的5～8倍)之中。塔里木盆地鞍形白云石与世界范围内其它盆地的鞍形白云石的碳、氧同位素特征基本相似,但其~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值相对偏低。导致这一现象的原因可能是鞍形白云石形成于来自深部的岩浆热液流体之中,这些流体伴随岩浆侵位或通过切穿基底的深大断裂及其与之相连的次级断裂系统从深部直接进入碳酸盐岩地层中,未经过碎屑岩输导层的长时间运移,所以导致其中形成的鞍形白云石~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值偏低。  相似文献   

7.
会泽铅锌矿床成矿流体浓缩机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
云南会泽铅锌矿床位于扬子板块西缘川-黔-滇铅锌银多金属成矿域的中南部, 严格受断裂带的控制.长期以来, 对于该矿的成矿流体来源存在着较大的争论.研究表明, 矿石中脉石矿物方解石的C、O同位素组成相对均一, 其δ13C (PDB) 为-2.1×10-3~-3.5×10-3、极差-1.4×10-3、均值-2.8×10-3, δ18O (SMOW) 为16.7×10-3~18.6×10-3、极差1.9×10-3、均值17.7×10-3, 不同矿体(不同标高)、不同产状以及相同矿体不同产状方解石的C、O同位素组成不具明显差别; 除了纯液相包裹体(L) 和富液相的气液两相包裹体(L+V) 外, 还存在含子晶的三相包裹体(S+L+V) 和不混溶的CO2三相包裹体(VCO2+LCO2+LH2O), 流体包裹体均一温度介于110~400℃之间, 具有双峰现象; 矿床的(87Sr/86Sr) 0 (0.713676~0.717012) 不仅明显高于地幔(0.704±0.002) 和峨嵋山玄武岩(0.703932~0.707818;85件样品) 的(87Sr/86Sr) 0, 也相对高于矿区赋矿地层(C1b) 的(87Sr/86Sr) 0 (0.70868~0.70931;3件样品), 但明显低于基底岩石的(87Sr/86Sr) 0 (0.7243~0.7288;5件样品), 且成矿过程中流体基本没有发生Sr同位素分馏现象.因此, 成矿流体为均一流体, 是不同性质流体的混合产物, 具有多源性.而从气液两相包裹体盐度-均一温度图解可以看出, 在300~400℃区间, 包裹体盐度基本被孤立为两群: 一群为5%~6% (w (NaCl)), 另一群为12%~16% (w (NaCl)).而在100~300℃特别是150~250℃区间, 包裹体盐度则基本均匀分布在7%~23% (w (NaCl)) 之间.断裂带形成压力为(50~320) ×105Pa, 矿体上覆岩石压力为(574~640) ×105Pa, 矿床成矿压力为(145~754) ×105Pa.流体在上升到断裂带后压力的剧降, 导致了沸腾作用的发生.在混合作用和沸腾作用的双重影响下, 受狭窄断裂带控制的成矿流体高度浓缩, 金属矿物得以大规模地从流体中沉淀出来, 形成品位极高的铅锌矿石.   相似文献   

8.
富有机质页岩中方解石脉体普遍发育,其形成过程和机制对成烃储层和成藏具有重要指示意义。本文以四川盆地南部龙马溪组为例,采用显微岩相学、阴极发光、原位微区电子探针、同位素地球化学及流体包裹体相结合的方法,分析其中的方解石脉成因,并结合地质背景探讨了成岩流体动态演化模式及其勘探意义。结果表明,研究区龙马溪组页岩发育三期方解石脉,第一期(Cal-1)近围岩或独立生长,形成于同生—准同生成岩阶段,是微生物还原作用的产物,具有富Fe、Mg、Al元素、贫Mn元素的特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=0.06‰～4.53‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-13.21‰～-10.79‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719366～0.719689;第二期(Cal-2)形成于早成岩阶段,是有机质脱羧作用的产物,以相对富Fe、Mg、Mn、Al元素为特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-6.93‰～-0.08‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-13.28‰～-10.05‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719378～0.720688;第三期(Cal-3)远离围岩,形成于晚成岩阶段,是甲烷热氧化作用的产物,具有富Fe、Mg、Mn元素,不含Al元素的特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-19.00‰～-12.64‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-9.08‰～-6.65‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719855～0.721342。通过对方解石脉成因及流体来源刻画,结合龙马溪组页岩热演化史,三期方解石脉的成岩演化对页岩的储集空间具有改善作用,有利于页岩气的勘探开发。  相似文献   

9.
天宝山铅锌矿床位于扬子地台西缘,为川滇黔铅锌矿集区具有代表性大型铅锌矿床,其金属储量(Pb+Zn)可达2.6Mt,铅锌品位10%～15%。本文在系统的分析流体包裹体和C、H、O、S、Pb、Sr同位素研究的基础上,确定其成矿物质来源、成矿流体性质及来源,并探讨其成矿机制。H-O同位素及流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体具有中低温(均一温度峰值为140～200℃)及中低盐度(盐度峰值为6%～12% NaCleqv)的特征。灯影组白云岩与海相沉积碳酸盐岩的C、O同位素组成较为相似,热液方解石与含矿白云岩O同位素组成均稍低于灯影组白云岩,表明成矿流体中的CO_2可能来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解。矿区硫化物δ~(34)S值介于1.1‰～7.5‰之间,表明S主要来源于灯影组中硫酸盐热化学还原作用和岩浆硫的混合。矿石硫化物的Pb同位素比值在Pb演化图解上主要落入上地壳与造山带之间,表明Pb具有壳源特征,成矿物质来源主要来自于盖层沉积岩和基底地层。闪锌矿的~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值(0.71099～0.71856)及热液方解石~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值(0.71014～0.71169)均高于灯影组白云岩~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值(0.70773～0.71026),表明成矿流体流经了具有高~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值的基底地层,并与其发生水岩反应及同位素交换。  相似文献   

10.
通过矿物流体包裹体Rb-Sr同位素测年,获得鄂北黑龙潭金矿石英Rb-Sr等时线年龄为132.6±2.7Ma,表明该金矿床形成于早白垩世中期。矿石石英中流体包裹体Sr同位素初始比(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i平均值为0.710798,小于陆源硅酸盐的值(0.720),高于地幔Sr的初始值(0.707),暗示成矿物质来源于壳幔混合。结合各类岩矿石Au丰度变化,S、Pb、H、O等同位素组成,以及稀土和微量元素特征、成矿流体等研究,认为该矿床的形成可能与燕山期持续伸展阶段大规模构造-岩浆活动有关,燕山期中酸性岩浆活动为金矿成矿提供了主要矿源和热源。  相似文献   

11.
Four types of apatite have been identified in the Ningwu region.The first type of apatite is widely distributed in the middle dark colored zones(i.e.iron ores) of individual deposits.The assemblage includes magnetite,apatite and actinolite(or diopside).The second type occurs within magnetite-apatite veins in the iron ores.The third type is seen in magnetite-apatite veins and (or) nodules in host rocks(i.e.gabbro-diorite porphyry or gabbro-diorite or pyroxene diorite).The fourth type occurs within apatite-pyrite-quartz veins filling fractures in the Xiangshan Group.Rare earth elements (REE) geochemistry of apatite of the four occurrences in porphyry iron deposits is presented.The REE distribution patterns of apatite are generally similar to those of apatites in the Kiruna-type iron ores,nelsonites.They are enriched in light REE,with pronounced negative Eu anomalies.The similarity of REE distribution patterns in apatites from various deposits in different locations in the world indicates a common process of formation for various ore types,e.g. immiscibility.Early magmatic apatites contain 3031.48-12080×10~(-6) REE.Later hydrothermal apatite contains 1958×10~(-6) REE,indicating that the later hydrothermal ore-forming solution contains lower REE.Although gabbro-diorite porphyry and apatite show similar REE patterns,gabbro-diorite porphyries have no europium anomalies or feeble positive or feeble negative europium anomalies, caused both by reduction environment of mantle source region and by fractionation and crystallization(immiscibility) under a high oxygen fugacity condition.Negative Eu anomalies of apatites were formed possibly due to acquisition of Eu~(2+) by earlier diopsite during ore magma cooling. The apatites in the Aoshan and Taishan iron deposits yield a narrow variation range of ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values from 0.7071 to 0.7073,similar to those of the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks,indicating that apatites were formed by liquid immiscibility and differentiation of intermediate and basic magmas.  相似文献   

12.
The igneous rocks of the Kialineq centre on the coast of East Greenland at 67°N include a number of quartz syenite and granite plutons intruded 35my BP. These are subvolcanic bodies emplaced by cauldron subsidence and with ring-dike and bell-jar form. Associated with the major intrusions is an extensive acid-basic mixed magma complex. Two-liquid structures, chilling of basic against acid magma, pillows of basic in acid, and net-veining of basic by acid magma, are superbly displayed. The basic magma was of a transitional or alkaline type and underwent varying degrees of fractionation in a regime of repeated intrusions and diverse chambers. Heterogeneous hybrid rocks intermediate between basalt and quartz syenite are strongly developed and were formed by repeated mechanical mixing of contrasting magmas. The energy for this mixing probably came in the main from cauldron-block subsidence. The quartz syenite magma, which itself fractionated towards granite, has initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios the same as the basic magma and is itself believed to be a fractionation product of alkali basalt magma.  相似文献   

13.
Whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron dating of Sn-bearing granites and alkaline rocks from Gejiu, Yunnan Province has been conducted for their emplacement ages and initial87Sr/86Sr ratios. The Sr isotopic compositions of apatites from some basic rocks in Jiasha, and granite bodies also have been studied in detail. The genesis and evolution of Gejiu Sn-bearing granites as well as ore-search indicators are discussed on the basis of the available data in conjunction with the geochemical data on trace elements (such as Rb and Sr), Sr isotopic characteristics of the volcanic rocks, meta-diabase and host rocks and the isotopic features of ore leads.  相似文献   

14.
The meta-basic volcanic rocks in the Tengtiaohe Zone yield zircon U–Pb ages of 258.8±2.5 Ma and 259.2±1.8 Ma, respectively which agree with the ages of flood basalts of ELIP and are similar to the basaltic rocks and komatiites from the Song Da Zone in northern Vietnam. The results suggest that the age of meta-basic volcanic rocks is Late Permian, rather than the Early Permian or Early Carboniferous ages as previously inferred. Most meta-basic volcanic rocks are strongly enriched in LREEs relative to HREEs and display trace element patterns similar to the ELIP high-Ti basalts, and are enriched in LILEs with negative Sr anomalies. Their initial ~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr ratios range from 0.705974 to 0.706188 and εNd(t) from-0.82 to-2.11. Their magmas were derived from an enriched and deep mantle source without significant crustal contamination. These meta-basic volcanic rocks formed in ELIP. Therefore, the Tengtiaohe Zone is not an ophiolite zone and can link to the Song Da Zone in northern Vietnam.  相似文献   

15.
The Shah Soltan Ali area (SSA) is located in the eastern part of the Lut Block metallogenic province. In this area different types of sub-volcanic intrusions including diorite porphyry, monzonite porphyry and monzodiorite porphyry have intruded into basaltic and andesitic rocks. Zircon U–Pb dating and field observations indicate that intermediate to mafic volcanic rocks (38.9 Ma) are older than subvolcanic units (38.3 Ma). The subvolcanic intrusions show high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic affinity and are metaluminous. Based on mineralogy, high values of magnetic susceptibility [(634 to 3208) × 10?5 SI], and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, they are classified as belonging to the magnetite-series of oxidant I-type granitoids and are characterized by an enrichment in LREEs relative to HREEs, with negative Nb, Ti, Zr and Eu anomalies. These granitoids are related to volcanic arc (VAG) and were generated in an active continental margin. Low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7043 to 0.7052) and positive εNd values (+1.48 to +3.82) indicate that the parental magma was derived from mantle wedge. Parental magma was probably formed by low degree of partial melting and metasomatized by slab derived fluids. Then assimilation and fractional crystallization processes (AFC) produced the SSA rocks. This magma during the ascent was contaminated with the crustal material.All data suggest that Middle-Late Eocene epoch magmatism in the SSA area, occurred during subduction of Neo-Tethys Ocean in east of Iran (between Afghan and Lut Blocks).  相似文献   

16.
Geochemical and Sr- and Nd-isotopic data have been determined for mafic to intermediate microgranular enclaves and host granitoids from the Early Cretaceous Gudaoling batholith in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China. The rocks include monzogranite, porphyric granodiorite and quartz diorite. Monzogranites have relatively high 87Rb/86Sr ratios (0.672-0.853), low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7052-0.7086) and ε Nd(t) values (−18.5 to −20.9) indicating that they were mainly derived from a newly underplated crustal source with a short crustal residence time. Quartz diorites have high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7118-0.7120) and negative ε Nd(t) values (−13.2 to −18.1) coupled with high Al2O3 and MgO contents, indicating they were derived from enriched lithospheric mantle with contributions of radiogenic Sr from plagioclase-rich metagreywackes or meta-igneous rocks, i.e., ancient lower crust. Two groups of enclaves with igneous textures and abundant acicular apatites are distinguished: dioritic enclaves and biotite monzonitic enclaves. Dioritic enclaves have low Al2O3 (13.5-16.4 wt%) and high MgO (Mg# = ∼72.3) concentrations, low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7058-0.7073) and negative ε Nd(t) values (∼−7.2), and are enriched in LILEs and LREEs and depleted in HFSEs, suggesting they were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Biotite monzonitic enclaves have Sr and Nd isotopic compositions similar to the monzogranites, indicating they were crystal cumulates of the parental magmas of these monzogranites. Granodiorites have transitional geochemistry and Nd- and Sr-isotopic compositions, intermediate between the monzogranites, quartz diorites and the enclaves.Geochemical and Sr- and Nd-isotopic compositions rule-out simple crystal-liquid fractionation or restite unmixing as the major genetic link between enclaves and host rocks. Instead, magma mixing of mafic mantle-derived and juvenile crustal-derived magmas, coupled with crystal fractionation and assimilation of ancient lower crust, is compatible with the data. This example shows that at least some calc-alkaline granitoids are not produced by pure intracrustal melting, but formed through a complex, multi-stage hybridization process, involving mantle- and crustal-derived magmas and several concomitant magmatic processes (crystal fractionation, crustal assimilation and crustal anatexis).  相似文献   

17.
新疆准噶尔北缘北塔山组火山岩年龄及岩石成因   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  
对准噶尔北缘北塔山组辉石玄武岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 年龄测定, 获得了玄武岩的喷发年龄380.5±2.2Ma,表明北塔山组火山岩形成于中泥盆世。该地层火山岩中辉石玄武岩和无斑玄武岩的SiO2含量为47.55%~52.97%、Al2O3的含量为8.44%~20.00%、TiO2为0.5%~1.2%,MgO含量为2.8%~15.35%、CaO为3.98%~14.83%、FeOT为9.46%~19.23%,具有亚碱性拉斑玄武岩的特征。其微量元素显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,Eu异常不明显。它们具有极低的初始87Sr/86Sr同位素比值(0.703835~0.704337)和高的εNd(381Ma)值(+6.84~+12.3,t=381Ma)的亏损地幔源区特征。结合区域地质背景,北塔山组火山岩形成于与俯冲作用相关的构造环境,是准噶尔古洋盆于泥盆世时发生的俯冲-消减所引发的岛弧岩浆作用的地质记录。岩浆源区为被流体或沉积物熔体交代改造的地幔楔和软流圈地幔,不同类型的岩石系不同成分的原始岩浆经不同演化过程的产物。  相似文献   

18.
The isotopic compositions of Nd and Sr and concentrations of major and trace elements were measured in flows and tuffs of the Woods Mountains volcanic center of eastern California to assess the relative roles of mantle versus crustal magma sources and of fractional crystallization in the evolution of silicic magmatic systems. This site was chosen because the contrast in isotopic composition between Precambrian-to-Mesozoic country rocks and the underlying mantle make the isotope ratios sensitive indicators of the proportions of crustal- and mantle-derived magma. The major eruptive unit is the Wild Horse Mesa tuff (15.8 m.y. old), a compositionally zoned rhyolite ignimbrite. Trachyte pumice fragments in the ash-flow deposits provide information on intermediate composition magma types. Crustal xenoliths and younger flows of basalt and andesite (10 m.y. old) provide opportunities to confirm the isotopic compositions of potential mantle and crustal magma sources inferred from regional patterns. The trachyte and rhyolite have Nd values of -6.2 to -7.5 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios mostly between 0.7086 and 0.7113. These magmas cannot have been melted directly from the continental basement because the Nd values are too high. They also cannot have formed by closed system fractional crystallization of basalt because the 87Sr/86Sr ratios are higher than likely values for parental basalt. Both major and trace element variations indicate that crystal fractionation was an important process. These results require that the silicic magmas are end products of the evolution of mantle-derived basalt that underwent extensive fractional crystallization accompanied by assimilation of crustal rock. The mass fraction of crustal components in the trachyte and rhyolite is estimated to be between 10% and 40%, with the lower end of the range considered more likely. The generation of magmas with SiO2 contents greater than 60% appears to be dominated by crystal fractionation with minimal assimilation of upper crustal rocks.  相似文献   

19.
徐志刚 《矿床地质》1986,5(1):13-26
本文系笔者在探讨火山岩型铁矿成矿地质背景过程中,对中国东部中生代陆相火山作用某些基本特征及与铁矿成矿作用关系的一点认识。笔者在另一文曾较详细论述了中国东部中生代火山岩各岩带、亚带、岩区和岩省火山作用及其产物的差异性,给出了各地火山岩平均化学成分,分出了碱性玄武岩-粗安岩-粗面岩(或响岩)、玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩和流纹岩-英安岩-(安山岩-玄武岩)三类火山岩组合及幔源型或幔壳混染型和壳源型两类不同成因火山岩;并指出玄武岩浆多形成于拉张构造环境,流纹岩浆往往发育于挤压构造环境,可把由某组分(上地幔和地壳)局部熔融形成的出熔岩浆之组分看作压力的函数(当然还有温度的影响);笔者还从中国东部中生代构造格局和地壳应力场特征探讨了中国东部不同地区中生代火山岩的成因。  相似文献   

20.
The major Gushan iron oxide deposit, typical of the Middle‐Lower Yangtze River Valley, is located in the eastern Yangtze craton. Such deposits are generally considered to be genetically related to Yanshanian subvolcanic‐volcanic rocks and are temporally‐spatially associated with ca. 129.3–137.5 Ma dioritic porphyries. The latter have a very narrow 87Sr/86Sr range of 0.7064 to 0.7066 and low ?Nd(t) values of ?5.8 to ?5.7, suggesting that the porphyries were produced by mantle‐derived magmas that were crustally contaminated during magma ascent. The ore bodies occur mainly along the contact zone between dioritic porphyries and the sedimentary country rocks. The most important ore types are massive and brecciated ores which together make up 90 vol.‐% of the deposit. The massive type generally occurs as large veins consisting predominantly of magnetite (hematite) with minor apatite. The brecciated type is characterized by angular fragments of wall‐rocks that are cemented by fine‐grained magnetite. Stockwork iron ores occur as irregular veins and networks, especially with pectinate structure; they are composed of low‐temperature minerals (e.g. calcite), which indicate a hydrothermal process. The similar rare earth element patterns of apatite from the massive ores, brecciated ores and the porphyries, coupled with high‐temperature fluids (1000°C) suggest that they are magmatic in origin. Furthermore, melt flow structure commonly developed in massive ores and the absence of silicate minerals and cumulate textures suggest that the iron ores formed by the separation of an immiscible oxide melt from the silicate melt rather than by crystal fractionation. Combined with theoretical and experimental studies, we propose that the introduction of phosphorus due to crustal contamination during mantle‐derived magma ascent could have been a crucial factor that led to the formation of an immiscible oxide melt from the silicate magma.  相似文献   

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