共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
Sayed Hesammoddin Kazemeini Christopher Juhlin Kim Zinck-Jørgensen Ben Norden 《Geophysical Prospecting》2009,57(1):111-123
Conventional seismic data are band limited and therefore, provide limited geological information. Every method that can push the limits is desirable for seismic data analysis. Recently, time‐frequency decomposition methods are being used to quickly extract geological information from seismic data and, especially, for revealing frequency‐dependent amplitude anomalies. Higher frequency resolution at lower frequencies and higher temporal resolution at higher frequencies are the objectives for different time‐frequency decomposition methods. Continuous wavelet transform techniques, which are the same as narrow‐band spectral analysis methods, provide frequency spectra with high temporal resolution without the windowing process associated with other techniques. Therefore, this technique can be used for analysing geological information associated with low and high frequencies that normally cannot be observed in conventional seismic data. In particular, the continuous wavelet transform is being used to detect thin sand bodies and also as a direct hydrocarbon indicator. This paper presents an application of the continuous wavelet transform method for the mapping of potential channel deposits, as well as remnant natural gas detection by mapping low‐frequency anomalies associated with the gas. The study was carried out at the experimental CO2 storage site at Ketzin, Germany (CO2SINK). Given that reservoir heterogeneity and faulting will have significant impact on the movement and storage of the injected CO2, our results are encouraging for monitoring the migration of CO2 at the site. Our study confirms the efficiency of the continuous wavelet transform decomposition method for the detection of frequency‐dependent anomalies that may be due to gas migration during and after the injection phase and in this way, it can be used for real‐time monitoring of the injected CO2 from both surface and borehole seismics. 相似文献
2.
在地震资料频谱分解中,采用匹配地震子波的物理小波,依据地震信号的特征,用振幅、能量衰减率、能量延迟时间及地震子波的中心频率等四类参数构造基本小波,把地震信号分解在小波域,高频分量能够得到精细的刻画.本文以物理小波变换为工具, 给出了该变换中的核函数的选择方法,进而提出了基于物理小波变换的频谱成像方法.我们将此方法用于海上某油田河流相储层的描述,并与常规软件中的小波变换频谱成像结果进行了对比, 结果表明,本文提出的方法更能精细地刻画地质事件. 相似文献
3.
Improving seismic resolution is essential for obtaining more detailed structural and stratigraphic information. We present a new algorithm to increase seismic resolution with a minimum of user‐defined parameters. The algorithm inherits useful properties of both the short‐time Fourier transform and the cepstrum to smooth and broaden the frequency spectrum at each translation of the spectral decomposing window. The key idea is to replace the amplitude spectrum with its logarithm in each window of the short‐time Fourier transform. We describe the mathematical formulation of the algorithm and its testing on synthetic and real seismic data to obtain broader frequency spectra and thus enhance the seismic resolution. 相似文献
4.
谱分解技术在地震解释领域已得到广泛应用,但常用的谱分解方法存在两方面的不足.一是时间分辨率低,难以对薄层进行刻画;二是在烃类检测中多解性强,难以区分流体类型.为了改善该问题,本文提出一种基于地震复谱分解技术的烃类检测方法.复谱分解是指用一个包含多个不同频率Ricker子波的复子波库对地震道进行分解,从而得到时变子波频率和相位信息的过程.借助稀疏反演技术复谱分解可以获得高分辨率的时频能量谱和时频相位谱.本文首先通过拟合算例验证了复谱分解方法刻画薄层的能力以及求取子波频率和相位的准确性.然后利用基于Kelvin-Voigt模型的黏弹波动方程数值模拟对衰减引起子波相位改变的原因进行了分析.最后通过实际资料应用展示了本文方法在储层预测中的高时间分辨率优势,验证了利用子波相位信息识别气藏的有效性. 相似文献
5.
频谱成像技术在稠油热采地震监测中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
频谱成像技术可有效的描述地质反射层厚度的非连续性和岩性的非均质性,其在理论上主要是依据薄层反射的调谐原理,过去通常采用以离散傅里叶变换为基础的算法,但是,该方法存在着明显的局限性,因为估算的地震振幅谱的重要特征是所选时窗长度的函数.如果所选时窗过短,振幅谱会与变换窗函数褶积,失去频率的局部化特征,而且过短的时窗会使子波的旁瓣呈现为单一反射的假象.增加时窗长度,会改善频率的分辨率.但如果所选时窗过长,时窗内的多个反射会使振幅谱以槽痕为特征,很难分清单个反射的振幅谱特征.由于在实际运用中,以傅里叶变换相关的算法的时窗问题,难以选择好时窗长度,而且无法定量分析时窗长度产生的偏差,因而会使振幅谱的估算产生偏差.以小波变换为基础的时频分析技术成了非平稳性信号的重要分析工具,在很多实际应用中已取代了傅里叶变换的分析方法.以小波变换为基础的瞬时谱分析技术能得到精确的时频分析结果,同时避免了时窗问题.它反映出了储层在纵向上时间及厚度上变化情况和横向上的地质不连续性的信息,因此能使解释人员快速而有效地描述储层特征的空间变化. 相似文献
6.
In this paper, we present a new method for seismic stratigraphic absorption compensation based on the adaptive molecular decomposition.
Using this method, we can remove most of the effects resulting from wavelets truncation and interference which usually exist
in the common time-frequency absorption compensation method. Based on the assumption that the amplitude spectrum of the source
wavelet is smooth, we first construct a set of adaptive Gabor frames based on the time-variant properties of the seismic signal
to transform the signal into the time-frequency domain and then extract the slowly varying component (the wavelet’s time-varying
amplitude spectrum) in each window in the time-frequency domain. Then we invert the absorption compensation filter parameters
with an objective function defined using the correlation coefficients in each window to get the corresponding compensation
filters. Finally, we use these filters to compensate the time-frequency spectrum in each window and then transform the time-frequency
spectrum to the time domain to obtain the absorption-compensated signal. By using adaptive molecular decomposition, this method
can adapt to isolated and overlapped seismic signals from the complex layers in the inhomogeneous viscoelastic medium. The
viability of the method is verified by synthetic and real data sets. 相似文献
7.
A. T. WALDEN 《Geophysical Prospecting》1991,39(5):625-642
An accurate estimate of the seismic wavelet on a seismic section is extremely important for interpretation of fine details on the section and for estimation of acoustic impedance. In the absence of well-control, the recognized best approach to wavelet estimation is to use the technique of multiple coherence analysis to estimate the coherent signal and its amplitude spectrum, and thence construct the seismic wavelet under the minimum-phase assumption. The construction of the minimum-phase wavelet is critically dependent on the decay of the spectrum at the low-frequency end. Traditional methods of cross-spectral estimation, such as frequency smoothing using a Papoulis window, suffer from substantial side-lobe leakage in the areas of the spectrum where there is a large change of power over a relatively small frequency range. The low-frequency end of the seismic spectrum (less than 4 Hz) decays rapidly to zero. Side-lobe leakage causes poor estimates of the low-frequency decay, resulting in degraded wavelet estimates. Thomson's multitaper method of cross-spectral estimation which suffers little from side-lobe leakage is applied here, and compared with the result of using frequency smoothing with the Papoulis window. The multitaper method seems much less prone to estimating spuriously high coherences at very low frequencies. The wavelet estimated by the multitaper approach from the data used here is equivalent to imposing a low-frequency roll-off of some 48 dB/oct (below 3.91 Hz) on the amplitude spectrum. Using Papoulis smoothing the equivalent roll-off is only about 36 dB/oct. Thus the multitaper method gives a low-frequency decay rate of the amplitude spectrum which is some 4 times greater than for Papoulis smoothing. It also gives more consistent results across the section. Furthermore, the wavelet obtained using the multi-taper method and seismic data only (with no reference to well data) has more attractive physical characteristics when compared with a wavelet extracted using well data, than does an estimate using traditional smoothing. 相似文献
8.
Feasibility of utilizing wavelet phase to map the CO2 plume at the Ketzin pilot site,Germany 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Fei Huang Christopher Juhlin Li Han Daniel Sopher Monika Ivandic Ben Norden Wubing Deng Fengjiao Zhang Thomas Kempka Stefan Lüth 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):523-543
Spectral decomposition is a powerful tool that can provide geological details dependent upon discrete frequencies. Complex spectral decomposition using inversion strategies differs from conventional spectral decomposition methods in that it produces not only frequency information but also wavelet phase information. This method was applied to a time‐lapse three‐dimensional seismic dataset in order to test the feasibility of using wavelet phase changes to detect and map injected carbon dioxide within the reservoir at the Ketzin carbon dioxide storage site, Germany. Simplified zero‐offset forward modelling was used to help verify the effectiveness of this technique and to better understand the wavelet phase response from the highly heterogeneous storage reservoir and carbon dioxide plume. Ambient noise and signal‐to‐noise ratios were calculated from the raw data to determine the extracted wavelet phase. Strong noise caused by rainfall and the assumed spatial distribution of sandstone channels in the reservoir could be correlated with phase anomalies. Qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the wavelet phase extracted by the complex spectral decomposition technique has great potential as a practical and feasible tool for carbon dioxide detection at the Ketzin pilot site. 相似文献
9.
10.
海底电缆（OBC）采集方式的出现,导致OBC采集与拖缆采集数据进行拼接成为三维连片地震资料处理中的一个重要环节.由于采集方式不同,数据在振幅、频率、相位等方面均存在较大差异.为了消除和减小这些差异,为后续的地质解释和油气预测提供便利,本文提出了一种在子波域的1范数匹配滤波方法来计算匹配滤波因子,以用来提高OBC数据和拖缆数据的匹配精度,改善连片处理的数据品质,为后续的地质解释和油气预测提供便利.通过实际资料检验,子波域匹配滤波方法在OBC与拖缆数据拼接应用中取得了较好的效果. 相似文献
11.
基于反射系数谱理论的薄层多波AVO 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
AVO分析是目前地震勘探潜在油气储层的一个重要方法。体散射信息包含了层结构、岩性和孔隙流体信息,对地震勘探非常有用。但是基于 Zoeppritz方程的传统AVO分析之只包含了单层信息。薄层厚度定量解释对构造解释、储层描述和储层横向预测都非常重要。本文阐述的基于频率域弹性传播矩阵反射系数谱方法既考虑了层界面引起的振幅变化(Zoeppritz方程),也考虑了层内传播引起的振幅变化。因此该反射系数谱既包括单一层界面信息,也包括层内体散射信息。该反射系数谱是层厚和频率的连续函数,便于分析频率和层厚对反射系数谱的影响。可分析的薄层厚度可以无限小,直至消失。可分析的频率是任意的和连续的。这是对时间域反射系数做傅里叶变换无法实现的。地震波的传播是复杂的,各种波型是同时存在而且相互转换的,该反射系数谱考虑了各种波型在传播过程中的相互转换以及多次波。与比射线方法比更便于正演薄层多波多分量AVO响应。 相似文献
12.
谱图重排的谱分解理论及其在储层探测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
谱分解理论是把单道地震记录分解为连续的时频谱平面,是地震资料处理和解释的重要技术之一.由于谱分解方法的多解性,所以同一道地震记录因为分解方法不同,得到的时频谱是不一样的.短时傅里叶变换,小波变换,S变换和匹配追踪算法都是对信号开窗分析,这些方法都受到不确定性原理的限制.Wigner-Ville变换避开了不确定性原理的限制,但是交叉项的存在限制了本方法的使用.本文利用谱图重排的时频分析方法(RSPWV)对合成的单道地震记录和实际的地震资料进行了分析.与短时傅里叶变换和匹配追踪算法的比较得出:此方法具有较高的时频分辨率,能够很好地识别气层. 相似文献
13.
频谱成像技术是近年来发展起来的一项基于频率谱分解的储层特色解释技术,是地震属性分析中重要组成部分.频谱成像技术具有在空间横向上分辨率高的特点,是一种利用三维地震资料的多尺度信息对储层进行高分辨率成像、检测储层时间厚度变化的工具.地震数据振幅谱可以识别地层的时间厚度变化,相位谱可以检测地质体横向不连续性,在确定油藏边界、计算地层厚度方面比传统地震属性研究方法具有更大的优势.频谱成像技术的核心模块是信号的时频分析,本文回顾了频谱成像技术的基本概念和目前在频谱成像中广泛应用的时频分析方法,简单介绍了几种新的时频分析方法:广义S变换和改进的匹配追踪算法. 相似文献
14.
Application of spectral decomposition and neural networks to characterise deep turbidite systems in the outer fold and thrust belt of the Niger Delta 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 We have applied a wavelet‐based spectral decomposition scheme and a multi‐layered feed‐forward neural network to interpret turbidite depositional systems from three‐dimensional reflection seismic data and well logs for a prospective hydrocarbon zone in the outer fold and thrust belt of the Niger Delta. The goal was to overcome difficulties in interpreting depositional systems from deep sections of the Field, occasioned by loss of seismic resolution with depth and the sparse distribution of wells. The decomposition scheme allowed us to delineate multiple depositional systems not apparent on the conventional seismic amplitude display. These systems include linear channel systems with terminal splay lobes, a sinuous channel system and its abandoned meander loops, and sediment wave features in overbank areas. Delineated channel morphologies and transport directions varied both laterally and vertically and were possibly dependent upon the disposition of the pre‐thrusting paleo‐seafloor. Terminal splay lobes are fragmented and coincident with the locations of topographic lows, which are possibly related to the initial configurations of the oceanic basement below. Predicted porosity and resistivity distributions have morphologies that correlate well with the mapping provided by the spectral decomposition scheme. The property distributions indicate that reservoir prone systems in the Field and possibly within the outer fold and thrust belt are composed primarily of channel systems, both linear and sinuous, and their associated splay lobes. The channel systems appear vertically stacked, and this situation possibly increases the potential success rate for exploration wells in the region. Beyond channel limits, redistributive bottom currents varying rapidly in speed and direction apparently encouraged the dispersal of sand‐rich sediments to form sediment waves. Despite the limited well control, the methodology significantly aided our interpretation. It proved effective at revealing the distribution of reservoir prone facies within the Field and provided insight into the dominant factors that controlled deposition within the Field. 相似文献
15.
Application of synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms to estimate the reservoir fluid mobility 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ya‐Juan Xue Jun‐Xing Cao Gu‐Lan Zhang Guang‐Hui Cheng Hui Chen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(7):1358-1371
This paper presents a new methodology for estimating reservoir fluid mobility using synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms. Synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms, which adopts a reassignment method, can improve the temporal and spatial resolutions of conventional time‐frequency transforms. The synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms‐based fluid mobility estimation requires the favourable selection of sensitive low‐frequency segment and more accurate estimation of the change rate of the low frequency segment in the spectrum. The least‐squares fitting method is employed in the synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms‐based fluid mobility estimation for improving the precision of the estimation of change rate of the low‐frequency segment in the spectrum. We validate our approach with a model test. Two field examples are used to illustrate that the fluid mobility estimation using the synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms‐based method gives a better reflection of fluid storage space and monitors hydrocarbon‐saturated reservoirs well. 相似文献
16.
The resolution of seismic data is critical to seismic data processing and the subsequent interpretation of fine structures. In conventional resolution improvement methods, the seismic data is assumed stationary and the noise level not changes with space, whereas the actual situation does not satisfy this assumption, so that results after resolution improvement processing is not up to the expected effect. To solve these problems, we propose a seismic resolution improvement method based on the secondary time–frequency spectrum. First, we propose the secondary time-frequency spectrum based on S transform (ST) and discuss the reflection coefficient sequence and time-dependent wavelet in the secondary time–frequency spectrum. Second, using the secondary time–frequency spectrum, we design a twodimensional filter to extract the amplitude spectrum of the time-dependent wavelet. Then, we discuss the improvement of the resolution operator in noisy environments and propose a novel approach for determining the broad frequency range of the resolution operator in the time–frequency–space domain. Finally, we apply the proposed method to synthetic and real data and compare the results of the traditional spectrum-modeling deconvolution and Q compensation method. The results suggest that the proposed method does not need to estimate the Q value and the resolution is not limited by the bandwidth of the source. Thus, the resolution of the seismic data is improved sufficiently based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). 相似文献
17.
基于非平稳信号时频分析及其地震时频属性技术应用的有关研究成果,对地震信号时频分析、分频解释与频谱分解及其在地震沉积学与地震储层成像中的应用进行系统总结与阐述.从时频分析的基本原理出发,探讨地震分频解释和频谱分解的实现方法及其在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用策略与效果.分析指出,发展高精度时频分析理论和算法,一体化统筹谋划地震资料叠前与叠后处理解释,针对不同地质条件探索相应的时频响应规律等,是分频解释技术及其在地震沉积学和地震储层成像研究中有效应用中值得深入研究的问题. 相似文献
18.
在2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震中,四川数字强震台网共获取了133组三分向加速度记录. 本文选取了一些不同断层距的台站所获取的强震动记录进行了处理和分析．在数据处理中,采用基于聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）提取信号时频特性的方法,有效获得了信号能量的时频分布,提取了中心频率、 Hilbert能量、最大振幅对应的时频等特性,并与傅里叶变换、小波变换进行了对比研究．研究结果表明, 对非线性的强震记录采用聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）能抑制经验模态分解（EMD）中存在的模态混叠问题;与傅里叶变换和小波变换相比发现, HHT边际谱在低频处幅值高于傅里叶谱;与小波变换受到所选取的母波强烈影响不同, HHT直接从强震记录中分离出固有模态函数（IMF）,更能反映出原始数据的固有特性, Hilbert谱反映出大部分能量都集中在一定的时间和频率范围内,而小波谱的能量却在频率范围内分布较为广泛．因此,基于EEMD的HHT在客观性和分辨率方面都具有明显的优越性,能提取到更多强震加速度记录的时频特性． 相似文献
19.
地震低频伴影的数值模拟与应用 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
Strong low-frequency energy beneath a hydrocarbon reservoir is called a seismic low-frequency shadow and can be used as a hydrocarbon indicator （Tarter et al., 1979） bu the physical mechanism of the observed low-frequency shadow is still unclear. To stud） the mechanism, we performed seismic numerical simulation of geological models with a hydrocarbon-bearing zone using the 2-D diffusive-viscous wave equation which car effectively model the characteristics of velocity dispersion and transform the seismic dat~ centered in a target layer slice within a time window to the time-frequency domain by usinl time-frequency signal analysis and sort the frequency gathers to common frequency cubes. Then, we observe the characteristics of the seismic low-frequency shadow in the common frequency cubes. The numerical simulations reveal that the main mechanism of seismic lowfrequency shadows is attributed to high attenuation of the medium to high seismic frequency components caused by absorption in the hydrocarbon-filled reservoir. Results from a practical example of seismic low-frequency shadows show that it is possible to identify the reservoir by the low-frequency shadow with high S/N seismic data. 相似文献
20.
A method for classifying pre‐stack seismic data based on amplitude–frequency attributes and self‐organizing maps 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Erik Molino‐Minero‐Re Ernesto Rubio‐Acosta Héctor Benítez‐Pérez Juan Marcos Brandi‐Purata Nora Isabel Pérez‐Quezadas Demetrio Fabián García‐Nocetti 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(4):673-687