共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Stefania Pinna Antonio Pais Lorenzo Chessa Nicola Sechi Giulia Ceccherelli 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
In the Mediterranean region, herbivory appears to be a factor controlling the production of the endemic species Posidonia oceanica, which is mainly due to two main macroherbivores: the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, and the sparid fish Sarpa salpa. In this context the present study is a contribution in clarifying herbivory on P. oceanica by testing: 1) whether the abundance of grazing marks of the two herbivores is variable across different spatial scales, 2) whether spatial variation of P. lividus grazing marks and its density is consistent, 3) whether there is a dependence of the number of P. lividus grazing marks on its density, 4) whether the grazing of both macroherbivores, P. lividus and S. salpa, involves the entire leaf length, and 5) whether there is a dependence of the number of P. lividus grazing marks on the number of S. salpa grazing bites. 相似文献
2.
An automatic measuring system called “FerryBox” was installed in the North Sea on a ferry travelling between Germany (Cuxhaven) and Great Britain (Harwich), enabling online oceanographic and biological measurements such as salinity, temperature, fluorescence, turbidity, oxygen, pH, and nutrient concentrations. Observations made along the ferry transect reveal characteristic phenomena such as high salinity inflow through the Channel into the Southern Bight, algal bloom dynamics and related oxygen and pH changes. Combination of these online observations with remote sensing enhances the spatial resolution of the transect related measurements. Several examples of the synergy between these two measuring strategies are shown, both for large-scale algal blooms in the North Sea as well as for local intense but short-term blooms in the German Bight. Coherence of the data sets can be gained and improved by using water transport models in order to obtain synoptic overviews of the remotely sensed and FerryBox related parameters. Limitations of the currently used algorithms for deriving chlorophyll-a from remote sensing images for coastal and shelf seas (Case-2 water) are discussed, as well as depth related processes which cannot be properly resolved on the basis of water intake at a fixed point. However, in unstratified coastal waters under normal conditions FerryBox data represent average conditions. The importance of future applications of this combination of methods for monitoring of coastal waters is emphasized. 相似文献
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2011年3月11日日本宫城县以东太平洋海域发生Mw9.0级特大地震,造成了地表的严重错位并引发海啸。文中利用位于日本及周边国家的IGS站和国家海洋局GPS业务站观测数据,采用作者研制的精密单点定位(PPP)软件UniP,对此次地震的GPS数据响应进行了研究。结果表明:(1)GPS观测数据能清晰、连续地记录震时地表形变的过程,我国CHAN,NCST等站点水平方向的震时最大位移在10 cm以内,高程方向的震时最大位移在15 cm以内,且形变以可恢复性的弹性形变为主。(2)我国距震中较远,受此次日本地震的影响较小,且大部分站点是在东坐标方向出现不同程度的震后永久性位移。其中CHAN站点的震后位移最为明显,东向形变量为(1.8±0.11)cm;NCST、NLHT站点次之,东向形变量分别为(1.1±0.26)cm和(1.0±0.18)cm。(3)地震波传输到国家海洋局GPS业务站NCST、NLHT等的时间约为10 min,比海啸在深海的传播速度快约14倍,可为海啸预警提供所需的时间差。这些结果显示出GPS能够为地震监测和动力学特征研究提供有价值的基础资料,也表明中国沿海GPS业务观测系统在海底地震监测、海啸预警服务中的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Muk Chen Ong Torbjørn Utnes Lars Erik Holmedal Dag Myrhaug Bjørnar Pettersen 《Coastal Engineering》2010
High Reynolds number flows around a circular cylinder close to a flat seabed have been computed using a two-dimensional standard high Reynolds number k–ε turbulence model. The effects of gap to diameter ratio, Reynolds number and flat seabed roughness for a given boundary layer thickness of the inlet flow upstream of the cylinder have been investigated. Hydrodynamic quantities and the resulting bedload transport have been predicted, and the vortex shedding mechanisms have been investigated. Predictions of hydrodynamic quantities around a cylinder located far away from the bed (so that the effect of the bed is negligible) are in satisfactory agreement with published experimental data and numerical results obtained for the flow around an isolated cylinder. Results for lower Reynolds number flows have also been computed for comparison with the high Reynolds number flow results. Overall it appears that the present approach is suitable for design purposes at high Reynolds numbers which are present near the seabed in the real ocean. 相似文献
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Toward assessing the biogeochemical significance of seaweeds in relation to dissolved iodine in seawater, the effect of whole seaweeds (Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus) upon iodide and iodate, at essentially natural concentrations, has been studied. The weeds were carefully removed from the sub-littoral zone of the Menai Straits and exposed to iodide and iodate at their natural temperature (6 °C), but under continuous illumination. Laminaria digitata was found to decrease the concentration of iodate with an exponential rate constant of 0.008–0.24 h−1. This is a newly discovered process which, if substantiated, will require an entirely new mechanism. Generally, apparent iodide concentration increased except in a run with seawater augmented with iodide, where it first decreased. The rate constant for loss of iodide was 0.014–0.16 h−1. Meanwhile, F. serratus was found not to decrease iodate concentrations, as did L. digitata. Indeed, after ∼30 h iodate concentrations increased, suggesting that the weed may take in iodide before oxidising and releasing it. If substantiated, this finding may offer a way into one of the most elusive of processes within the iodine cycle – iodide oxidation. With both seaweeds sustained long-term increases of apparent iodide concentration are most easily explained as a secretion by the weeds of organic matter which is capable of reducing the Ce(IV) reagent used in determination of total iodine. Modelling of the catalytic method used is provided to support this contention. The possibility of developing this to measure the strain that seaweeds endure in this kind of biogeochemical flux experiment is discussed. A Chemical Oxygen Demand type of approach is applied using Ce(IV) as oxidant. The results of the iodine experiments are contrasted with the several investigations of 131I interaction with seaweeds, which have routinely used discs of weed cut from the frond. It is argued that experiments conducted with stable iodine may measure a different variable to that measured in radio-iodine experiments. 相似文献
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改性黏土对褐潮生物种Aureococcus anophagefferens的去除研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
褐潮是一种由微微型藻引发的藻华,已连续4年在渤海海域暴发,给当地带来巨大的经济损失。目前,在褐潮尚不能有效预防、预控情况下,如何控制和减少其对生态环境和沿海经济带来的危害,成为一个急需解决的问题。利用改性黏土消除藻华是一种快速有效、并得以多次现场成功应用的方法。考察比较了多种不同产地、不同类型的黏土及其改性后对褐潮生物种Aureococcus anophagef ferens(抑食金球藻)的去除效果,选取5种典型的黏土作为主要的实验材料,开展了不同条件下黏土及其改性后对A. anophagef ferens去除效率的影响研究。实验发现,因A. anophagef ferens个体微小、藻华时密度大,相同用量的黏土或改性黏土对其去除效率低于常见的硅藻、甲藻生物;不同类型黏土对其去除效率有影响,高岭土的去除效率高于蒙脱土;而黏土改性后对A. anophagef ferens的去除效率提高3倍以上。在此基础上,还考察分析了黏土粒径、分散介质等因素对A. anophagef ferens去除效率的影响,为进一步研发安全、高效的褐潮应急消除材料做了有益探索。 相似文献
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中国对虾(Fenneropenaeuschinensis)多性状复合育种方案的遗传和经济评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设计中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis多性状复合育种方案,模拟选择20个世代,预测和评估目标性状(收获体重(BW),存活率(SR)和饲料摄入量(FI))的遗传进展及经济效益。利用选择指数理论,估计目标性状的选择反应和遗传进展;通过三级金字塔传递系统(核心群、扩繁群和生产群)放大遗传进展并计算其经济效益;对影响利润(RP)和效益成本比率(BCR)的生物学参数(遗传力、育种目标是否包括FI),经济学参数(对虾价格、饲料价格、贴现率、初投资、年费用)和运行参数(首次回报年份、扩繁效率)进行敏感性分析。结果表明,在基础参数值下,BW、SR和FI每个世代的选择反应分别为0.81g、1.41%和1.30g;以1 000尾虾为单位计算,BW、SR和FI的经济加权值分别为32元,20元和-8元,育种目标的遗传进展为43.69元,育种方案执行20年产生的RP和BCR分别为8 660.99万元和14.34。敏感性分析显示,生物学参数中,目标性状遗传力变化对RP和BCR影响程度中等,遗传力值越高,RP和BCR越大;将FI经济加权值设为0,育种方案的RP和BCR明显高于基础参数。经济学参数中,对虾价格的变化对RP和BCR影响较大;饲料价格、贴现率和年费用的变化对RP和BCR影响较小,但初投资变化对BCR影响较大。运行参数中,首次回报年份越晚,RP和BCR越低。扩繁效率是影响RP和BCR的最重要因素。高扩繁效率下,生产群规模扩大1 736.15%,RP和BCR分别提高1 866.92%和1 736.75%。 相似文献
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海绵动物具备很强的愈伤再生能力。荔枝海绵是海绵动物中比较特殊的类群,它有皮质层细胞（cortex）和领细胞层细胞（choanoderm）的初步分化。本文对荔枝海绵的形态结构进行观察,并通过切割的方法,有针对性地移除荔枝海绵的特定结构,观察其愈伤过程,以期了解海绵愈伤过程的主要变化及各部分在愈伤过程中的作用。结果发现,愈伤过程发生的主要变化为未受创部分的细胞向受创部分迁移导致的细胞重新排布;其身体结构中的领细胞层和皮质层对其生存愈伤是必要的,而骨针核心对其愈伤影响较小。 相似文献
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A higher-order non-hydrostatic σ model is developed to simulate non-linear refraction–diffraction of water waves. To capture non-linear (or steep) waves, a 4th-order spatial discretization is utilized to approximate the large horizontal pressure gradient. A higher-order top-layer pressure treatment is further implemented to resolve wave propagation. The model's characteristics including linear wave dispersion and non-linearity are carefully examined. The accuracy of the present model using only two vertical layers is validated by laboratory data and the available results predicted by the non-linear Schrödinger equation, Boussinesq-type equations, the non-linear mild slope equation, and the Laplace equation. Features of harmonic generation as well as the influences of dispersion and non-linearity on wave energy transfer processes are discussed. 相似文献
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1999年,我们已走到历史的十字路口:美国导弹袭击我驻南斯拉夫大使馆;日本从法律上正在打开通向军国主义的道路;台湾国民党当局已将李登辉“特殊的两国论”写入文件……现实告诉我们:当今的世界仍然是一个不稳定、动荡不安的世界。历史留给中国和平发展经济的 相似文献
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为了探讨胞外多糖在南极微生物低温适应性中的作用与机制,克隆了南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.S-15-13的引导糖基转移酶(GTF)核心片段,并采用Real-Time PCR的方法研究了温度、冻融循环、盐浓度、pH等条件对该糖基转移酶基因(gtf)表达的影响。结果表明,低温有利于gtf的表达,短时的低温刺激(2℃)1 h后,gtf的表达量即上调为对照的1.5倍;而该菌经4和10℃培养24 h后gtf的表达量约为20℃时的8~12倍;经过冻融循环gtf的表达量上调,在第2个冻融循环后gtf 的表达量较对照提高了3.667倍;盐浓度对gtf的影响表现为低促高抑,即NaCl含量为6.0 %时gtf 的表达量是对照(3.0%)的3.59倍,当NaCl含量达9.0 %时gtf 表达量则显著下调;在一定范围内(pH5.0~8.0),pH的改变会促进gtf 的表达,当pH为6.0时gtf 表达量约为pH7.0时的2倍。该结果为探讨胞外多糖在南极微生物环境适应性中的作用与机制提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Sayaka Yasunaka Yukihiro Nojiri Taketo Hashioka Chisato Yoshikawa Taketoshi Kodama Shin-ichiro Nakaoka Sanae Chiba Fuminori Hashihama Masahide Wakita Ken Furuya Daisuke Sasano Akihiko Murata Hiroshi Uchida Michio Aoyama 《Journal of Oceanography》2018,74(1):1-11
We used more than 25,000 nutrient samples to elucidate for the first time basin-scale distributions and seasonal changes of surface ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrite (NO2 ?) concentrations in the Pacific Ocean. The highest NH4 +, NO2 ?, and nitrate (NO3 ?) concentrations were observed north of 40°N, in the coastal upwelling region off the coast of Mexico, and in the Tasman Sea. NH4 + concentrations were elevated during May–October in the western subarctic North Pacific, May–December in the eastern subarctic North Pacific, and June–September in the subtropical South Pacific. NO2 ? concentrations were highest in winter in both hemispheres. The seasonal cycle of NH4 + was synchronous with NO2 ?, NO3 ?, and satellite chlorophyll a concentrations in the western subtropical South Pacific, whereas it was synchronous with chlorophyll-a but out of phase with NO2 ? and NO3 ? in the subarctic regions. 相似文献
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利用PCR-SSCP技术对379尾凡纳滨对虾组织蛋白酶Cathepsin L（CTSL）基因多态性进行检测,采用最小二乘法对多态性与生长性状的相关性进行分析;利用Real-time quantitative PCR检测CTSL基因mRNA的差异表达情况。结果表明:引物C6 （F/R）扩增片段具有多态性,其扩增产物具有CC、CT和TT 3种基因型,TT基因型与CC基因型相比在第6外显子92 bp处发生了C→T的突变,为沉默突变。最小二乘法分析结果表明,在体重、体长、第一腹节长和尾节长这4个指标上CC和CT基因型显著高于突变型TT（p<0.05）,而在头胸甲长和头胸甲宽2个指标上,CC基因型显著高于CT和TT基因型（p<0.05）。CTSL基因mRNA在凡纳滨对虾各组织、不同性别个体肌肉组织、极端体重个体肌肉组织中相对表达量大小顺序分别为:肝胰脏>胃>眼柄>心脏>消化腺;雌虾>雄虾;极大个体>极小个体。结论:CTSL基因多态性对凡纳滨对虾生长性状有显著影响,可以作为影响该虾生长性状的候选基因,为该虾的选育提供分子遗传标记;CTSL基因mRNA的分布情况表明此基因可能正向调控对虾生长。 相似文献
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Plus Martin Dalloyau Sébastien Trut Gilles Auby Isabelle Xavier de Montaudouin Éric Emery Noël Claire Viala Christophe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
The spatial variability of seagrass meadows in Arcachon Bay, was studied between 1988 and 2008 using a combination of mapping techniques based on aerial photographs for intertidal dwarf-grass (Zostera noltii) beds and acoustic sonar for permanently submerged eelgrass (Zostera marina) populations. The results show a severe decline over the period for both species, as well as an acceleration of the decline since 2005 for Z. noltii. The total surface regression over the studied period is estimated to be 22.8 km2 for Z. noltii and 2.7 km2 for Z. marina, which represent declines of 33 and 74% respectively. 相似文献
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帆船运动场地及设施要素
帆船正式比赛的场地距海岸应有0．5～2千米，需要在开阔的水域上设4～5个比赛场地，每个场地直径约为1．9～3．6千米。这些区域水流不宜太大，水深不宜超过30米，不允许有固体漂浮物，渔网、渔排等障碍物。赛前及比赛期间这些场地区域对民用船及商业船只应当实行禁航。由海警在各区域外值守。 相似文献
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英国帆船Aera号船长杰斯·凡斯顿如是说：“每次面对帆船比赛，我都有一种爱恨交加的复杂心情，但我仍会不由自主地报名参加。因为骨子里那股拼搏超越的激情怂恿着我，更重要的是我热爱这项运动，无法割舍。” 相似文献
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帆船运动集合了娱乐性、观赏性、探险性、竞技性于一体。现代帆船运动更是各国人民进行航海文化交流的重要渠道．并且已经成为在世界沿海国家和地区最为普及且最受欢迎的体育活动之一。任何户外运动，基本安全常识都是必修课程，帆船运动当然也不例外，比起其他陆地运动，帆船运动所需要掌握的安全常识更加广泛。 相似文献
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Artificial hatching and fry culture of Bostrichthys sinensis (Lacépède) has been successful under conditions of enclosed seawater circulation system in the Aquarium Lab, South China Sea Fish. Res. Inst, on the 13th of April, 1984. The development of each stage of the eggs, larvae and juveniles are described, and colour photographs of every development stage were taken. According to their physiological characteristics in each stage, necessary ecological conditions for the developments are preliminarily discussed. 相似文献