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1.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(3)
The Oyu Tolgoi cluster of seven porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits in southern Mongolia,define a narrow,linear,12 km long,almost continuously mineralised trend,which contains in excess of 42 Mt of Cu and1850 t of Au,and is among the largest high grade porphyry Cu-Au deposits in the world.These deposits lie within the Gurvansayhan island-arc terrane,a fault bounded segment of the broader Silurian to Carboniferous Kazakh-Mongol arc,located towards the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,a collage of magmatic arcs that were periodically active from the late Neoproterozoic to PermoTriassic,extending from the Urals Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.Mineralisation at Oyu Tolgoi is associated with multiple,overlapping,intrusions of late Devonian(~372 to 370 Ma) quartzmonzodiorite intruding Devonian(or older) juvenile,probably intra-oceanic arc-related,basaltic lavas and lesser volcaniclastic rocks,unconformably overlain by late Devonian(~370 Ma) basaltic to dacitic pyroclastic and volcano sedimentary rocks.These quartz-monzodiorite intrusions range from earlymineral porphyritic dykes,to larger,linear,syn-,late- and post-mineral dykes and stocks.Ore was deposited within syn-mineral quartz-monzodiorites,but is dominantly hosted by augite basalts and to a lesser degree by overlying dacitic pyroclastic rocks.Following ore deposition,an allochthonous plate of older Devonian(or pre-Devonian) rocks was overthrust and a post-ore biotite granodiorite intruded at~365 Ma.Mineralisation is characterised by varying,telescoped stages of intrusion and alteration.Early A-type quartz veined dykes were followed by Cu-Au mineralisation associated with potassic alteration,mainly K-feldspar in quartz-monzodiorite and biotite-magnetite in basaltic hosts.Downward reflux of cooled,late-magmatic hydrothermal fluid resulted in intense quartz-sericite retrograde alteration in the upper parts of the main syn-mineral intrusions,and an equivalent chlorite-muscovite/illite-hematite assemblage in basaltic host rocks.Uplift,facilitated by syn-mineral longitudinal faulting,brought sections of the porphyry deposit to shallower depths,to be overprinted and upgraded by late stage,shallower,advanced argillic alteration and high sulphidation mineralisation.Key controls on the location,size and grade of the deposit cluster include(i) a long-lived,narrow faulted corridor;(ii) multiple pulses of overlapping intrusion within the same structure;and(iii) enclosing reactive,mafic dominated wall rocks,focussing ore. 相似文献
2.
The three most crucial factors for the formation of large and super-large magmatic sulfide
deposits are: (1) a large volume of mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic magmas that participated in the
formation of the deposits; (2) fractional crystallization and crustal contamination, particularly the input
of sulfur from crustal rocks, resulting in sulfide immiscibility and segregation; and (3) the timing of
sulfide concentration in the intrusion. The super-large magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits around the world
have been found in small mafic-ultramafic intrusions, except for the Sudbury deposit. Studies in the past
decade indicated that the intrusions hosting large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits occur in
magma conduits, such as those in China, including Jinchuan (Gansu), Yangliuping (Sichuan), Kalatongke
(Xinjiang), and Hongqiling (Jilin). Magma conduits as open magma systems provide a perfect environment
for extensive concentration of immiscible sulfide melts, which have been found to occur along deep
regional faults. The origin of many mantle-derived magmas is closely associated with mantle plumes,
intracontinental rifts, or post-collisional extension. Although it has been confirmed that sulfide immiscibility
results from crustal contamination, grades of sulfide ores are also related to the nature of the
parental magmas, the ratio between silicate magma and immiscible sulfide melt, the reaction between
the sulfide melts and newly injected silicate magmas, and fractionation of the sulfide melt. The field relationships
of the ore-bearing intrusion and the sulfide ore body are controlled by the geological features of
the wall rocks. In this paper, we attempt to demonstrate the general characteristics, formation mechanism,tectonic settings, and indicators of magmatic sulfide deposits occurring in magmatic conduits which
would provide guidelines for further exploration. 相似文献
3.
马厂箐斑岩型铜钼金多金属矿床构造控岩控矿作用 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
滇西特提斯构造域存在一系列铜钼金铁多金属斑岩型矿床,这类矿床的成矿作用与本区富碱斑岩体(浆)的侵入、演化有关。以往的研究侧重于成矿物质的来源,但对岩浆侵入过程中形成的局部容矿构造的研究相对薄弱,这不利于提高矿床成因研究的整体水平,也阻碍了该区的地质找矿。本文旨在对马厂箐矿区容矿构造体系研究,揭示岩浆侵入接触构造体系对成矿的控制作用。该矿区是一个铜钼金铁多金属成矿集中区,成矿在时间、空间和物质组成上主要与喜马拉雅期的马厂箐富碱斑岩体有密切关系。由于岩浆侵位的方式、强度、规模等方面的原因,在岩体内、岩体与围岩内外接触带、近接触带围岩中的层间滑脱带和远接触带的围岩中的引张裂隙带等多种岩浆侵入接触构造样式,并为与岩浆作用成矿有关的成矿系列提供有利的成矿场所,分别控制着岩体内斑岩型铜钼矿、岩体与围岩接触带附近的接触交代型铜钼金磁铁矿和围岩地层中的石英脉型、破碎蚀变岩型的金、银、铅锌等矿化类型,并表现出从高温到低温的演化序列。岩浆侵入接触构造体系是该区主要的控岩控矿构造。 相似文献
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新疆图拉尔根铜镍钴矿产于康古儿塔格—黄山韧性剪切带的北东段,是由硫化物深部熔离成矿为主兼就地熔离、热液叠加成矿多重作用形成的半隐伏矿床。1号岩体以全岩矿化为特征,可分为4个岩相:角闪橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、角闪辉石岩、辉长岩。岩性具有单期岩浆多次脉动上涌成矿特征。岩体m/f值为3.1～4.8,属于铁质超镁铁岩类,且具有低钛、低碱、低Al2O3特征,与黄山—镜儿泉镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩带岩石化学特征相似。由稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素、过渡族元素蛛网图可知1号和2号岩体具有同源性,并具有互补性,预示2号岩体深部成矿潜力很大,虽然其地表辉长岩矿化微弱。根据横穿1号和2号岩体的大地电磁测深剖面图可以看出两个岩体在深部具有同一个岩浆通道,也验证了两岩体属于同一岩浆来源。较低的La/Sm(<2)和Th/Ta值(4.6)表明成矿岩浆为地幔来源,岩体就位时很少受到地壳的混染。 相似文献
7.
Assimilation of carbonate country rock by the parent magma of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V deposit（SW China）：Evidence from stable isotopes 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Clement Ganino Chris Harris Nicholas T.Arndt Stephen A.Prevec Geoffrey H.Howarth 《地学前缘(英文版)》2013,4(5):547-554
The Panzhihua intrusion in southwest China is part of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province and host of a large Fe-Ti-V ore deposit.During emplacement of the main intrusion,multiple generations of mafic dykes invaded carbonate wall rocks,producing a large contact aureole.We measured the oxygen-isotope composition of the intrusions,their constituent minerals,and samples of the country rock.Magnetite and plagioclase from Panzhihua intrusion haveδ18O values that are consistent with magmatic equilibrium, and formed from magmas withδ18O values that were 1-2‰higher than expected in a mantle-derived magma.The unmetamorphosed country rock has highδ18O values,ranging from 13.2‰（sandstone） to 24.6-28.6‰（dolomite）.The skarns and marbles from the aureole have lowerδ18O andδ13C values than their protolith suggesting interaction with fluids that were in exchange equilibrium with the adjacent mafic magmas and especially the numerous mafic dykes that intruded the aureole.This would explain the alteration ofδ18O of the dykes which have significantly higher values than expected for a mantle-derived magma.Depending on the exactδ18O values assumed for the magma and contaminant, the amount of assimilation required to produce the elevatedδ18O value of the Panzhihua intrusion was between 8 and 13.7 wt.%,assuming simple mixing.The exact mechanism of contamination is unclear but may involve a combination of assimilation of bulk country rock,mixing with a melt of the country rock and exchange with CO2-rich fluid derived from decarbonation of the marls and dolomites.These mechanisms,particularly the latter,were probably involved in the formation of the Fe-Ti-V ores. 相似文献
8.
通过对金川铜镍矿床地质、矿化特征与加拿大伏伊希湾（Voisey′s Bay）铜-
镍-铂族金属硫化物矿床进行系统对比分析,总结出这2个世界级铜镍硫化物矿床
形成演化方面的相似性、可比性及其共同特点,即深部岩浆房含矿岩浆沿通道脉
动式上侵,到上部表现为“小岩体,成大矿”。成矿作用过程和模式表现为：①含矿
岩浆的有序侵位显示岩浆在深部岩浆房停歇过程中曾发生熔离分异,形成岩浆、
含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆分层结构;②成矿作用是在富有动力的岩浆环境下岩
浆不连续（脉动式）上侵过程中发生的,岩浆熔融体富含挥发组分,上侵活动剧烈,
围岩角砾化;③含矿岩浆沿相同的通道或越位上侵,在先期侵入岩体下侧或上方
不同空间成矿;④岩浆运移过程中与围岩发生相互作用、组分交换和成矿物质的
富集。深入阐明了含矿岩浆不连续（脉动式）上侵、后续岩浆补给和混合是镁铁
—超镁铁岩体中硫化物被聚集在岩浆流动的通道内形成超大型铜镍硫化物型铂
族元素矿床的重要机制。 相似文献
9.
乌奴耳矿床位于内蒙古东部大兴安岭造山带中段中生代火山岩覆盖区,为近年来新发现的陆相火山岩型多金属矿床.为了对该矿区的进一步深部找矿勘查工作提供围岩蚀变和岩石地球化学信息,对乌奴耳矿床进行了详细的野外地质特征研究、岩石蚀变分带研究和原生晕研究.乌奴耳矿床中存在多期多阶段矿化特征:第1阶段斑岩型钼矿化,主要产于矿床深部的花岗斑岩体内;第2阶段岩浆热液（隐爆角砾岩）型铅锌矿化,主要产于花岗斑岩体顶部及其附近围岩的隐爆角砾岩中;第3阶段浅成低温热液型铅锌银矿化,主要产于浅部张性断裂构造中.矿区内存在至少两期与成矿关系密切的构造事件,张性断裂构造是重要的控矿因素和找矿标志.乌奴耳矿床中具有明显的围岩蚀变分带特征,蚀变矿物分布与已知矿体产状具有较好的对应关系,是重要的找矿标志之一.岩石原生晕异常分布与已知矿体具有较好的对应关系,具有明显的前缘晕-近矿晕-尾晕元素组合分带特征,能够为乌奴耳矿床深部找矿提供可靠信息.综合以上主要找矿信息特征,预测在乌奴耳矿床Ⅱ矿段207勘探线剖面深部有盲矿体存在. 相似文献
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内蒙额尔古纳成矿带中生代火山岩浆活动与金属成矿的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在岩石学和微量元素地球化学研究的基础上,通过对不同类型矿床的成矿岩体及围岩条件的分析,探讨了中生代火山岩浆活动与金属成矿的关系。认为晚侏罗世火山岩浆活动为成矿提供了有利的围岩和构造空间;早白垩世岩浆活动提供了成矿岩体及热力学条件,该期次火山岩浆的侵入并作用于不同的围岩,形成了由斑岩型Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ矿,浅成热液型Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ矿等组成的一系列矿床组合。 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(3)
The Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit(500 Mt @1.2%Ni,0.7%Cu,~0.4 g/t PGE),one of the largest magmatic sulphide deposits in the world,is located within the westernmost terrane of the North China Craton.It is hosted within the 6.5 km long,Neoproterozoic(~0.83 Ga) Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion,emplaced as a sill-like body into a Palaeoproterozoic suite of gneisses,migmatites,marbles and amphibolites,below an active intracratonic rift.The parental magma was high-Mg basalt,generated through melting of subcrustal lithospheric mantle by a mantle plume during the initiation of Rodinia supercontinent breakup.The lower Palaeozoic collision of the exotic Qilian Block with the breakup-related southern margin of the craton accreted a subduction complex,and emplaced voluminous granitic intrusions and foreland basin sequences within the craton,to as far north as Jinchuan.During the Cainozoic,allochthonous lower Palaeozoic rocks were thrust up to 300 km to the northeast over cratonic basement,to within 25 km of the Jinchuan deposit.The Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion was injected into three interconnected sub-chambers,each containing a separate orebody.It essentially comprises an olivine-orthopyroxene-chromite cumulate,with interstitial orthopyroxene,clinopyroxene,plagioclase and phlogopite,and is predominantly composed of lherzolite(~80%),with an outer rim of olivine pyroxenite and cores of mineralised dunite.Mineralisation occurs as disseminated and net-textured sulphides,predominantly within the dunite,with lesser,PGE rich lenses,late massive sulphide accumulations,small copper rich pods and limited mineralised diopside skarn in wall rock marbles.The principal ore minerals are pyrrhotite(the dominant sulphide),pentlandite,chalcopyrite,cubanite,mackinawite and pyrite,with a variety of platinum group minerals and minor gold.The deposit underwent significant post-magmatic tremolite-actinolite,chlorite,serpentine and magnetite alteration.The volume of thejinchuan intrusion accounts for 3% of the total parental magma required to generate the contained olivine and sulphide.It is postulated that mafic melt,intruded into the lower crust,hydraulically supported by density contrast buoyancy from below the Moho,ponded in a large staging chamber,where crystallisation and settling formed a lower sulphide rich mush.This mush was subsequently injected into nearby shallow dipping faults to form the Jinchuan intrusion. 相似文献
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内蒙额尔古纳在矿带中生代火山岩浆活动与金属成矿的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在岩石学和微量元素地球化学研究的基础上,通过对不同类型矿床的成矿岩体及围岩条件的分析,探讨了中生代火山岩浆活动与金属成矿的关系。认为晚侏罗世火山岩浆活动为成矿提供了有利的围岩的构造空间;早白垩世岩浆活动提供了成矿岩体及热力学条件,该期次火山岩浆的侵入并作用于不同的围岩、形成了由斑岩型Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ矿,浅成熟液型Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ矿等组成的一系列矿床组合。 相似文献
14.
The Panzhihua mafic intrusion, which hosts a world-class Fe-Ti-V ore deposit, is in the western Emeishan region, SW China. The formation age(～260 Ma), and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion is part of the Emeishan large igneous province and has little crustal contamination. To assess ore genesis of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V ore deposit, two different models have been provided to explain the formation, namely silicate immiscibility and normal fractional crystallization. Silicate... 相似文献
15.
Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis of the Panzhihua Gabbroic Layered Intrusion and Associated Fe-Ti-V Oxide Deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
ZHOU MEI-FU; ROBINSON PAUL T.; LESHER C. MICHAEL; KEAYS REID R.; ZHANG CHENG-JIANG; MALPAS JOHN 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(11):2253-2280
The Panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion is associated withthe 260 Ma Emeishan Large Igneous Province in SW China. Thissill-like body hosts a giant Fe–Ti–V oxide depositwith 1333 million ton ore reserves, which makes China a majorproducer of these metals. The intrusion has a Marginal zoneof fine-grained hornblende-bearing gabbro and olivine gabbro,followed upward by Lower, Middle, and Upper zones. The Lowerand Middle zones consist of layered melanogabbro and gabbrocomposed of cumulate clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine.These zones also contain magnetite layers. The Upper zone consistschiefly of leucogabbro composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxenewith minor olivine. Most rocks in the body show variable-scalerhythmic modal layering in which dark minerals, primarily clinopyroxene,dominate in the lower parts of each layer, and lighter minerals,primarily plagioclase, dominate in the upper parts. The oxideores occur as layers and lenses within the gabbros and are concentratedin the lower parts of the intrusion. Ore textures and associatedmineral assemblages indicate that the ore bodies formed by verylate-stage crystallization of V-rich titanomagnetite from animmiscible oxide liquid in a fluid-rich environment. The rocksof the Panzhihua intrusion become more evolved in chemistryupward and follow a tholeiitic differentiation trend with enrichmentin Fe, Ti, and V. They are enriched in light rare earth elementsrelative to heavy rare earth elements, and exhibit positiveNb, Ta, and Ti anomalies and negative Zr and Hf anomalies. Thesilicate rocks and oxide ores of the Panzhihua intrusion formedfrom highly evolved Fe–Ti–V-rich ferrobasaltic orferropicritic magmas. The textures of the ores and the abundanceof minor hydrous phases indicate that addition of fluids fromupper crustal wall-rocks induced the separation of the immiscibleoxide melts from which the Fe–Ti–V oxide ore bodiesin the lower part of the intrusion crystallized. KEY WORDS: magnetite; Fe–Ti-rich gabbro; layered intrusion; Panzhihua; SW China 相似文献
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昆嵛山花岗岩是牟平—乳山金矿成矿带的围岩，在其成因和定位时代上长期存在争议。本文对岩体地质和地球化学特征进行了系统研究，并就岩体成因及其与金矿的关系进行了讨论。作者认为，昆嵛山花岗岩是在中生代由岩浆缓慢冷凝结晶形成的大型复式岩基，并非交代成因。它由垛崮顶片麻状花岗闪长岩（１４７Ｍａ）、八门邹家斑状花岗闪长岩（１３５Ｍａ）、瓦善—水道弱片麻状二长花岗岩及五爪山片麻状含榴二长花岗岩（１２０Ｍａ）组成，成分具贫铝富碱的特点。岩浆来源于中下地壳中酸性变质火山岩系部分熔融形成的岩浆，其形成温度为６５０—７５０℃。岩体经历了韧性和脆性变形作用，不同方向的片麻状构造是岩浆结晶期韧性变形作用的结果。脆性变形形成的断裂和破碎带是本区主要的导矿和容矿构造。花岗岩定位、韧和脆性变形作用与金矿成矿作用有十分密切的关系 相似文献
17.
Recent work on the Panzhihua intrusion has produced two separate models for the crystallisation of the intrusion:（1） low-Ti,high CaO and low H2O（0.5 wt.%） parent magma（equivalent to Emeishan low-Ti basalt） at FMQ;and（2） high-Ti,low CaO and higher H2O（>1.5 wt.%） parent magma（equivalent to Emeishan high-Ti basalt） at FMQ + 1.5.Modelling of these parent magma compositions produces significantly different results. We present here detailed f（O2） and H2O modelling for average compositions of both Emeishan high-Ti and low-Ti ferrobasalts in order to constrain the effects on crystallisation sequences for Emeishan ultra-mafic -mafic layered intrusions.Modelling is consistent with numerous experimental studies on ferro-basaltic magmas from other localities（e.g.Skaergaard intrusion）.Modelling is compared with the geology of the Panzhihua intrusion in order to constrain the crystallisation of the gabbroic rocks and the Fe-Ti oxides ore layers.We suggest that the gabbroic rocks at the Panzhihua intrusion can be best explained by crystallisation from a parent magma similar to that of the high-Ti Emeishan basalt at moderate H2O contents（0.5-1 wt.%） but at the lower end of TiO2 content for typical high-Ti basalts（2.5 wt.%TiO2）. Distinct silicate disequilibrium textures in the Fe-Ti oxide ore layers suggest that an influx of H2O may be responsible for changing the crystallisation path.An increase in H2O during crystallisation of gabbroic rocks will result in the depression of silicate liquidus temperatures and resultant disequilibrium with the liquid.Continued cooling of the magma with high H2O then results in precipitation of Mt-Uv alone. The H2O content of parent magmas for mafic layered intrusions associated with the ELIP is an important variable.H2O alters the crystallisation sequence of the basaltic magmas so that at high H2O and f（O2） Mt -Uv crystallises earlier than plagioclase and clinopyroxene.Furthermore,the addition of H2O to an anhydrous magma can explain silicate disequilibrium texture observed in the Fe-Ti oxide ore layers. 相似文献
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尽管镁铁质侵入体及其与成矿作用的关系得到了特别关注,但有许多科学问题迄今仍模糊不清。基于新的野外观察和理论分析,文中提出一个复杂性流体动力学模型,试图整合解释矿床地质学、矿相学和矿物学特征。假定岩浆成矿系统的行为取决于熔体和流体两个子系统的强相互作用,系统演化过程中子系统物理性质的连续改变可以导致多种非线性变化:(1)熔体子系统未发生明显结晶作用之前,含矿流体弥漫式透过熔体向上迁移,产生具有隐性火成层理的致矿侵入体和浸染状整合矿体。在这种条件下,高速运动的含矿流体可以导致岩浆侵入体全岩矿化;较低速上升的含矿流体也可以导致强烈的岩浆分异作用,但岩浆侵入体的边缘部分将没有成矿金属的富集。(2)岩浆侵入体部分固结(如半固结)时,含矿流体只能大规模输入到岩体中心尚未固结的部分,并导致强烈的双扩散对流,产生明显的韵律性层理和整合型块状矿体。(3)岩浆侵入体接近完全固结时,巨大的流体超压或远场应力场可导致板状侵入体沿补给通道方向破裂,含矿流体上升导致了不整合矿体的产生。(4)岩浆侵入体完全固结之后,后续含矿流体只能沿着层状侵入体与底板围岩的接触带迁移,形成新型板状矿体或巢状矿体,甚至夕卡岩型矿体。(5)富氧化物流体之后还可以有富硫化物流体上升,有利于产生硫化物矿体。这种分析大致符合攀西地区的客观实际,因而可以得出结论：(1)岩浆侵入体是否成为致矿侵入体取决于含矿流体的输入,而不是岩浆分异作用;(2)致矿侵入体的分异特征是含矿流体输入的结果,而不是相反;(3)镁铁质岩浆成矿系统是一种复杂性动力系统,含矿流体的输入是其行为发生非线性变化的根本原因;(4)攀西地区的镁铁质岩浆成矿系统包括整合型(包括块状和浸染状两种亚型)、不整合型和夕卡岩型铁矿子系统以及浸染状和块状硫化物型成矿子系统;(5)攀西地区的铁矿体不仅仅位于层状岩体之内,下伏围岩中也有找矿潜力,甚至发现块状硫化物的潜力。 相似文献
20.
N. A. Novruzov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2011,46(5):419-426
Based on a great body of factual data, geochemical peculiarities in the distribution of rare, noble, radioactive, and other
trace components in the Lower-Middle Jurassic terrigenous ore-enclosing (hereafter, host) rocks at massive sulfide deposits
in the Vostochnyi (eastern) segment of the Greater Caucasus are high-lighted. Study of the Filizchai base metal massive sulfide
deposit made it possible to define general regularities of element distribution in the ore body and altered wall rocks that
reflect the general geochemical zonality. Concentrations of most components depend on the lithology and wall-rock alteration,
distribution of rocks in the section, proximity of the contacting ore, and its mineral composition. Contents of typical elements
in host rocks are closely associated with their concentrations in the ore bodies. 相似文献