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1.
Lakes in China have undergone considerable environmental changes during the past 50 years, e.g. lake level, water area changes, as did in the past several thousands years. The enhanced human activities, such as land reclamation, application of chemical fertilizer, land use and cover, irrigation and industrialization in the catchment etc., have played an important role on the recent decades＇ changes of these lakes, although constrained to a great extent by the natural impact. Comparative study on variations of lake volume （water level, depth and area） in the eastern and western lake regions of China during 1950-2000 indicated that, lake volume in the eastern region had approximately undergone a two-stage change, i.e. a dramatic decrease from the 1950s to 1970s, and a continuous increase between the 1980s and 1990s; while, in the western region, lake volume had been decreasing nearly all the time. Further studies on some typical lakes concluded that, climatic change was a primary factor for the variations of lake volume during the past 50 years, although human activities showed important effect. 相似文献
2.
The agricultural and land policies in China are always focused on protecting its food supply and security because of the country’s large population and improved diets.The crop production guide ’Take Grain as the Key Link’ prompted peasants to plant grain on most of the agricultural land,leading to the majority of fertilizer being used in grain crops for many years in China.This situation has changed dramatically in recent years.Based on data pertaining to provincial crops sown area and fertilizer use per unit area in 1998 and 2008,the temporal and spatial variations of China’s fertilizer consumption by crops were analyzed at the provincial level,and the results are presented here.(1) Fertilizer consumption in China grew strongly in the last decade,while the growth was mainly attributable to the increase of fertilizer con-sumption by horticultural crops.The fertilizer consumption of grain crops dropped from 71.0% in 1998 to 57.8% in 2008.Thus,it is concluded that the emphasis of fertilizer consumption is shifting toward horticultural crops.(2) There were marked differences in the growth rates of fertilizer consumption from the regional point of view.The national average growth rate of fertilizer consumption was 31.9% during 1998-2008.The western and northeastern parts of the country came close to the national average,while the eastern part was lower,with an average of 13.0%,and central China was much higher(50.8%).The increase of fertilizer consumption in central and west China was higher than the other zones,which already ac-counted for 77.9% of the national total.Thus,it is concluded that the consumption emphasis of chemical fertilizer shifts toward the central and western regions.(3) The decline of fertilizer consumption by grain crops was largely due to the decrease in sown area compared with the increase by vegetable crops attributable to the enlarging sown area;the increase by orchard crops was affected by both expanding the sown area and fertilizer use per unit area. 相似文献
3.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(4)
Rapid urbanization and continuous loss of rural labor force has resulted in abandonment of large areas of farmland in some regions of China. Remote sensing technology can indirectly help detect abandoned farmland size and quantity, which is of great significance for farmland protection and food security. This study took Qingyun and Wudi counties in Shandong Province as a study area and used CART decision tree classification to compile land use maps of 1990–2017 based on Landsat and HJ-1 A data. We developed rules to identify abandoned farmland, and explored its spatial distribution, duration, and reclamation. CART accuracy exceeded 85% from 1990–2017. The maximum abandoned farmland area was 5503.86 ha during 1992–2017, with the maximum rate being 5.37%. Farmland abandonment rate was the highest during 1996–1998, and abandonment trend decreased year by year after 2006. Maximum abandonment duration was 15 years(1992–2017), mostly within 4 years and only a few exceeded 10 years. From 1993–2017, the maximum reclaimed abandoned farmland was 2022.3 ha, and the minimum ～20 ha. The maximum reclamation rate was 67.44%m, with annual average rate being 31.83%. This study will help analyze farmland abandonment driving forces in the study area and also provide references to identify abandoned farmland in other areas. 相似文献
4.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(6)
China had implemented the national strategies for Major Function-oriented Zones(MFOZs)to realize the goal of national sustainable development since 2010.This study analyzed and compared spatio-temporal characteristics and differences in built-up area for China’s MFOZs using a China’s Land Use Database(CLUD)derived from high-resolution remotely sensed images in the periods of 2000–2010 and 2010–2013.To sum up:(1)The percentage of built-up area in each of the MFOZs was significantly different,revealing the gradient feature of national land development based on the distribution of the main functions.(2)Annual growth in built-up area in optimal development zones(ODZs)decreased significantly during 2010–2013 compared with the period 2000–2010,while annual growth in built-up area in key development zones(KDZs),agricultural production zones(APZs)and key ecological function zones(KEFZs)increased significantly.(3)In ODZs,the average annual increase in built-up area in the Yangtze River Delta region was significantly higher than in other regions;the average area increase and rate of increase of built-up area in KDZs was faster in the western region than in other regions;average annual area growth of built-up area in APZs in the northeast,central and western regions was twice as high as the previous decade on average;the annual rate of change and increase in the dynamic degree of built-up area were most notable in KEFZs in the central region.(4)The spatial pattern and characteristics of built-up area expansions in the period 2010–2013 reflected the gradient feature of the plan for MFOZs.But the rate of increase locally in built-up area in ODZs,APZs and KEFZs is fast,so the effective measures must be adopted in the implementation of national and regional policies.The conclusions indicated these methods and results were meaningful for future regulation strategies in optimizing national land development in China. 相似文献
5.
Ya Luo Shengtian Yang Changsen Zhao Xiaoyan Liu Changming Liu Linna Wu Haigen Zhao Yichi Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):802-814
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that： 1） Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998.2） Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including （a） low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, （b） medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, （c） farmland to other woodland, and （d） farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3） The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 相似文献
6.
Multiple cropping index(MCI) is the ratio of total sown area and cropland area in a region,which represents the regional time intensity of planting crops.Multiple cropping systems have effectively improved the utilization efficiency and production of cropland by increasing cropping frequency in one year.Meanwhile,it has also significantly altered biogeochemical cycles.Therefore,exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of multiple cropping intensity is of great significance for ensuring food and ecological security.In this study,MCI of Huang-Huai-Hai agricultural region with intensive cropping practices was extracted based on a cropping intensity mapping algorithm using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) time series at 500-m spatial resolution and 8-day time intervals.Then the physical characteristics and landscape pattern of MCI trends were analyzed from 2000–2012.Results showed that MCI in Huang-Huai-Hai agricultural region has increased from 152% to 156% in the 12 years.Topography is a primary factor in determining the spatial pattern dynamics of MCI,which is more stable in hilly area than in plain area.An increase from 158% to 164% of MCI occurred in plain area while there was almost no change in hilly area with single cropping.The most active region of MCI change was the intersection zone between the hilly area and plain area.In spatial patterns,landscape of multiple cropping systems tended to be homogenized reflected by a reduction in the degree of fragmentation and an increase in the degree of concentration of cropland with the same cropping system. 相似文献
7.
According to the highway data and some socioeconomic data of 1990, 1994, 2000, 2005 and 2009 of county units in the Pearl River Delta, this paper measured urban integrated power of different counties in different years by factor analysis, and estimated each county’s potential in each year by means of expanded potential model. Based on that, the spatio-temporal association patterns and evolution of county potential were analyzed using spatio-temporal autocorrelation methods, and the validity of spatio-temporal association patterns was verified by comparing with spatial association patterns and cross-correlation function. The main results are shown as follows:(1) The global spatio-temporal association of county potential showed a positive effect during the study period. But this positive effect was not strong, and it had been slowly strengthened during 1994–2005 and decayed during 2005–2009. The local spatio-temporal association characteristics of most counties’ potential kept relatively stable and focused on a positive autocorrelation, however, there were obvious transformations in some counties among four types of local spatio-temporal association(i.e., HH, LL, HL and LH).(2) The distribution difference and its change of local spatio-temporal association types of county potential were obvious. Spatio-temporal HH type units were located in the central zone and Shenzhen-Dongguan region of the eastern zone, but the central spatio-temporal HH area shrunk to the Guangzhou-Foshan core metropolitan region only after 2000; the spatio-temporal LL area in the western zone kept relatively stable with a surface-shaped continuous distribution pattern, new LL type units emerged in the south-central zone since 2005, the eastern LL area expanded during 1994–2000, but then gradually shrunk and scattered at the eastern edge in 2009; the spatio-temporal HL and LH areas varied significantly.(3) The local spatio-temporal association patterns of county potential among the three zones presented significant disparity, and obvious difference between the eastern and central zones tended to decrease, whereas that between the western zone and the central and eastern zones further expanded.(4) Spatio-temporal autocorrelation methods can efficiently mine the spatio-temporal association patterns of county potential, and can better reveal the complicated spatio-temporal interaction between counties than ESDA methods. 相似文献
8.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(3)
To investigate the diurnal variation of summer precipitation in the Qilian Mountains in the northeast Tibetan Plateau,the hourly precipitation amount for this region during the summers of 2008–2014 are analyzed using an hourly merged precipitation product at 0.1°×0.1° resolution.The main results are as follows.(1) The spatial distribution and temporal variation of mean hourly precipitation amount and frequency are generally similar and hourly precipitations in the eastern and middle portions are larger and more frequent than that in the western portion.The high value area of precipitation intensity is obviously different from that of precipitation amount and frequency.(2) The spatial distribution of daytime precipitation is generally similar to that of nighttime precipitation,and the daytime precipitation is heavier than the nighttime precipitation.(3) The change rate of precipitation has a maximum at 20:00 Beijing time,and a minimum at 12:00.The hourly precipitation amount significantly correlated with frequency,especially for the middle and eastern portions. 相似文献
9.
XUYong GUOTengyun YANGGuoan 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(1):53-60
The eco-environmental restoration has been a chief task of the western development strategies carried out by the central and local governments of China since the late 1990s, and the ecological de-farming has been regarded as a powerful measure for the ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. “Relieving and de-farming” (RD) and“rebuilding terrace and de-farming” (RTD) are two more mature ones among various de-farming modes. Taking the loess hilly-gully region as a case, this paper summarized the basic characteristics of RD and RTD modes, calculated the sizes of de-farming slope farmland, rebuilt terraces, enlarged garden plots and restored vegetation, and compared the differences of two modes in terms of de-farming area, ecological reestablishment index, investment demand amount and benefits. The results showed that RTD mode has many advantages, including suitable investment, sufficient grain supply and great benefits, and will be the best ecological reestablishment mode in the loess hilly-gully region, and RD mode which is being carried out in this region should be replaced by RTD mode as soon as possible. 相似文献
10.
Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated. 相似文献
11.
1980年以来中国农地利用变化的区域差异 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The study of land use change and its driving mechanism has become the focus since the research of land use/land cover change (LUCC) became one of the important areas of Global Environmental Change (GEC) researches in the 1990s (Turner, 1994). Scholars mai… 相似文献
12.
Based on the cost-benefit data (1980–2002) of farm products and China Agriculture Yearbooks, this paper studies the regional disparity in the changes of the agricultural land use in China during the period 1980–2002 from three aspects such as the degree of intensity, the sown area and the abandoned farmland. The results show that: (1) The degree of intensity of land use in the western region during 1980–2000 has a strong uptrend, but in the eastern and central regions the degree of intensity descends obviously and has shown a continuous downtrend since 1997. (2) The total sown area shrinks notably in the eastern region, while it enlarges constantly in the western region. (3) The sown area in the eastern, central and western regions has gone through a similar cyclic process: down (1980–1985)–up (1985–1991)–down (1991–1994)–up (1994–1999)–down (1999–2002). However, there are obvious differences in amplitude variation and tendency among them. The sown area has shrunk in the eastern region and expanded in the central and western regions especially before 1999. (4) The most cases of abandoned farmland are reported in the central region, the second in the eastern region and the least in the western region. The abandonment phenomena chiefly occurred during 1992–1995 in the eastern region, and during 1998–2002 in the central region. 相似文献
13.
1980年以来中国农地利用变化的区域差异 总被引：54，自引：3，他引：51
依托1980~2002年的中国农产品成本收益资料与中国农业统计年鉴等基础数据,从集约度、播种面积与耕地撂荒变化三个方面,对中国1980年以来农地利用变化的区域差异进行了研究。结果表明：① 西部地区农地利用的集约度具有强劲的上升态势,而东、中部地区在1992~1993年时集约度下降显著,在1997年以后,集约度具有明显的持续下降趋势;② 东部地区农地利用的总播种面积显著下降,而西部地区却有相当稳定的扩大趋势;③ 东部、中部与西部地区三种粮食作物的播种面积变化均经历了一个“三缩二扩”的变化过程：“缩小 (1980~1985)-扩大 (1985~1991)-缩小 (1991~1994)-扩大 (1994~1999)-再缩小 (1999~ 2002)”;但在变化幅度与发展态势上,三个区域之间差异明显。东部地区的播种面积有显著的下降态势,而中部与西部地区在1999年以前,其总的态势是播种面积有所扩大,此后播种面积明显下降,但其下降幅度小于东部地区;④ 中部地区耕地撂荒案例最多,涉及地域最广,东部地区次之,西部地区相对较少;东部地区的耕地撂荒现象主要出现在1992~1995年,而中部地区高度集中在1998~2002年,西部地区耕地撂荒的时间分布较为均匀,没有高度集中出现的特点。 相似文献
14.
1 Introduction Wind erosion, which occurred in arid, semiarid and sub-humid areas, is a critical process in land desertification and degradation. It is a global environmental problem (Dong et al., 1996; Gomesa et al., 2003). Previous researches on process… 相似文献
15.
塔里木河流域土地利用监测适宜尺度选择方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Optimal scale is one of the important issues in ecology and geography. Based on land-use data of the Tarim River Basin in
Xinjiang of China in the 1950s, regarding the area of land use types as the parameter in scale selecting, the histograms of
the patches in area are charted. Then, by reinforcing the normalized scale variances (NSV) with 3 landscape indices, the scale
characteristics of land use in the Tarim River Basin can be summarized. (1) NSV in the Tarim River up to a maximum at scale
of 1:50,000 which is considered appropriate for the Tarim River. (2) Diversity indices of saline land are consistent with
NSV’s. Diversity indices and NSV of sandy land showed that the appropriate scale is in the same scale domain. There is a significant
difference between diversity indices and NSV of forestland and shrubland. (3) Fractal dimension of sandy land and saline land
showed a hierarchical structure at a scale of 1:10,000. Fractal dimension of forestland and shrubland are distributed under
the same hierarchical structure in the region.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40571030; No.40730633
Author: Zhao Jin (1980–), Ph.D, specialized in study of scale effect. 相似文献
16.
Eco-geographic regional system is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and
comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality. In previous studies,
soil types were often taken as a basis for soil regionalization. However, the quantitative characteristics of soil indicators
are fitter than the qualitative ones of soil types for modern regionalization researches. Based on the second China’s national
soil survey data and the provincial soil resource information, by principal analysis and discriminant analysis, this paper
discusses the appropriate soil indicators as the complement of eco-geographic region indicator systems and the relationships
between these soil indicators and soil types in regionalization. The results show that five indicators are used in eco-geographic
zonality in mid-temperate zone of eastern China which are organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, pH, clay content
and bulk density in topsoils. With a regression-kriging approach, the maps of soil indicators in mid-temperate zone of eastern
China are compiled with a resolution of 1 km in every grid and the indicative meanings of these soil indicators are discussed.
By cluster analysis it is proved that these soil indicators are better than the soil types and soil regionalization in delineating
eco-geographic regions.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771016
Author: Liu Ye (1980–), Ph.D, specialized in integrated physical geography. 相似文献
17.
Interdecadal fluctuation of dry and wet climate boundaries in China in the past 50 years 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on the mean yearly precipitation and the total yearly evaporation data of 295 meteorological stations in China in 1951–1999,
the aridity index is calculated in this paper. According to the aridity index, the climatic regions in China are classified
into three types, namely, arid region, semi-arid region and humid region. Dry and wet climate boundaries in China fluctuate
markedly and differentiate greatly in each region in the past 50 years. The fluctuation amplitudes are 20–400 km in Northeast
China, 40–400 km in North China, 30–350 km in the eastern part of Northwest China and 40–370 km in Southwest China. Before
the 1980s (including 1980), the climate tended to be dry in Northeast China and North China, to be wet in the eastern part
of Northwest China and very wet in Southwest China. Since the 1990s there have been dry signs in Southwest China, the eastern
part of Northwest China and North China. The climate becomes wetter in Northeast China. Semi-arid region is the transitional
zone between humid and arid regions, the monsoon edge belt in China, and the susceptible region of environmental evolution.
At the end of the 1960s dry and wet climate in China witnessed abrupt changes, changing wetness into dryness. Dry and wet
climate boundaries show the fluctuation characteristics of the whole shifts and the opposite fluctuations of eastward, westward,
southward and northward directions. The fluctuations of climatic boundaries and the dry and wet variations of climate have
distinctive interdecadal features. 相似文献
18.
1 Introduction The global environmental problem caused by climatic warming has attracted increasing attention of the scientific communities, the public and governments of various countries. The mean temperature of the recent decade is the highest of the p… 相似文献
19.
Western North Pacific Subtropical High is a very important atmospheric circulation system influencing the summer climate over
eastern China. Its interdecadal change is analyzed in this study. There is a significant decadal shift in about 1979/1980.
Since 1980, the Western North Pacific Subtropical High has enlarged, intensified, and shifted southwestward. This change gives
rise to an anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly over the region from the South China Sea to western Pacific and thus causes wet
anomalies over the Yangtze River valley. During the summers of 1980–1999, the precipitation is 63.9 mm above normal, while
during 1958–1979 it is 27.3 mm below normal. The difference is significant at the 99% confidence level as at-test shown. The southwestward expanding of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High also leads to a significant warming
in southern China, during 1980–1999 the summer mean temperature is 0.37°C warmer than that of the period 1958–1979. The strong
warming is primarily due to the clearer skies associated with the stronger downward air motion as the Western North Pacific
Subtropical High expanding to the west and controlling southern China. It is also found that the relative percentage of tropical
cyclones in the regions south of 20°N is decreasing since the 1980s, but in the regions north of 20°N that is increasing at
the same time. The Western North Pacific Subtropical High responds significantly to sea surface temperature of the tropical
eastern Pacific with a lag of one-two seasons and simultaneously to sea surface temperature of the tropical Indian Ocean.
The changes in the sea surface temperatures are mainly responsible for the interdecadal variability of the Western North Pacific
Subtropical High. 相似文献
20.
三峡库区重庆段水土流失的时空格局特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Soil and water loss has been the most serious eco-environmental problem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. In
this paper the authors studied the spatiotemporal features of soil and water loss from 1999 to 2004 based on RS and GIS techniques.
The results showed that: (1) The soil and water loss area decreased from 1999 to 2004. (2) Soil and water loss mainly exists
in purple soil, yellow soil, limestone soil, paddy soil and yellow brown soil distributed areas. (3) The dry slope land and
sparse woodland that are intensively influenced by human activities experienced most serious soil and water loss. (4) Soil
and water loss in the study area indicated an obvious vertical differentiation characteristic. (5) There is a significant
correlation between soil and water loss and slope. (6) There is no obvious correlation between soil and water loss and aspect.
(7) Soil and water loss mainly exists in the values of R between 300 and 340 distribution area. The very-high soil and water
loss has obvious correlation with R.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801077; Science & Technology Research Project Supported by Chongqing Municipal
Education Commission, No.KJ070811; Doctoral Fund of Chongqing Normal University, No.06XLB004; Project by Chongqing Water Conservancy
Bureau
Author: Li Yuechen (1974–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in the study of remote sensing application and land use/land
cover change. 相似文献