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1.
Bali Bonaventura Alves Mangu Mishra Brijes 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):1329-1347
Gas well drilled through longwall mining abutment pillar could potentially face instability issue due to the strata deformation following longwall panel extraction. Therefore, it is imperative to adequately design the pillar size of a longwall mining in order to ensure the stability of the gas well penetrated longwall mining abutment pillar. In this paper, the determination of suitable pillar size for protecting gas well subjected to longwall mining operation was investigated. Two scenarios of longwall gateroad system including the three and four entry system with varying pillar sizes were assessed using numerical modelling approach. The results of this study indicate that the pillar geometry plays an important role on the vertical gas well stability. In addressing the suitable pillar size for the given case study considering three entry system, the suitable chain pillar and abutment pillar size were found to be 80 ft (24.4 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length and 104 ft (31.7 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length rib to rib, respectively. Whereas, if four entry system is used, the suitable chain pillar size is 48 ft (14.6) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length and the abutment pillar size is 104 ft (31.7 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length rib to rib. The proposed numerical modelling procedure presented in this paper can be a viable alternative and applied to other similar projects in order to determine an optimal pillar size for protecting gas well in longwall mining area.
相似文献2.
Debasis Deb Akshay Kumar Rajat Pal Singh Rosha 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):1021-1037
Leg pressure data from all shields of a longwall face are monitored and recorded in the surface computer. An algorithm is
developed to detect peak pressures or periodic roof weightings from these pressure data. The intensities and locations of
periodic roof weighting are further analyzed using artificial neural network for forecasting of forthcoming shield pressures.
The network was trained using data 153 m (500 ft) of face advance. Shield pressures are forecasted for the successive nine
mining cycles or approximately 9 m of face advancement. The results obtained validate the efficacy of the developed model. 相似文献
3.
Discontinuous Modelling of Stratum Cave-in in a Longwall Coal Mine in the Arctic Area 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Mahdi Shabanimashcool Lanru Jing Charlie C. Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(5):1239-1252
This paper presents a discontinuous numerical approach for studying roof cave-in mechanisms and obtaining the required support capacity of longwall shields in a case study site, the Svea Nord coal mine in Svalbard. The block size in the roof strata and the mechanical parameters of the discontinuities for the numerical model were obtained through back-calculations. The back-calculations were conducted with a statistical method of design of experiment. Numerical simulations revealed that voussoir jointed beams are formed before the first cave-in occurs. The maximum deflection of a roof stratum in the study site prior to the first cave-in is about 70 % of the stratum thickness. The maximum span of the roof strata prior to the first cave-in depends upon the in situ horizontal stress state. The roof beams have a large stable span when they are subjected to high horizontal stress; but horizontal stress would increase the possibility of rock crushing in deflected roof beams. The simulations and field measurements show no periodic weighting on the longwall shields in the study site. Stiff and strong roof beams would result in large first and periodic cave-in distances. As a consequence of having large cave-in distances, the longwall shields must have high load capacity, which can be calculated by the presented numerical approach. 相似文献
4.
长壁孤岛工作面冲击失稳能量场演化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
煤矿冲击地压一直是困扰中国煤矿安全的主要问题,而煤矿开采过程中跳采形成的孤岛工作面由于容易产生应力集中,来压强度提高,极容易发生冲击地压。基于唐山矿T2193下孤岛工作面的地质条件,从数值分析的角度研究了煤岩体材料的非均匀性,揭示了孤岛工作面顶板周期来压时煤岩体能量释放的动态特征,分析了工作面前方能量释放激增机制。数值模拟结果显示,长壁工作面回采过程中直接顶的不断垮落造成了老顶悬空距离的不断增大,工作面周期来压时,积聚于老顶岩层内的弹性应变能将瞬间释放,容易引发工作面及巷道的冲击失稳。孤岛工作面由于其特有的矿压显现特征,老顶周期破断时所释放的弹性应变能将更加剧烈,冲击地压势必愈加强烈。孤岛工作面顶底板和煤层的能量释放激增可以作为判断煤岩体冲击失稳的前兆信息。孤岛工作面前方发生冲击破坏的主要原因是由于工作面回采过程中围岩所积聚的大量弹性能在顶板断裂时所伴随的巨大能量释放而造成的。 相似文献
5.
A mine scale numerical analysis of modern day longwall using a 3D Cosserat continuum method has been presented. The effect
of mine specific geological conditions on viability of introducing a modern day longwall is comprehensively investigated and
analysed in this paper. The various longwall parameters like chock (face support) convergence and strata caving mechanism
are evaluated. The varying thickness of the sandstone present in the roof can be seen to have a strong impact on the magnitude
and pattern of chock convergence. The paper also discusses the performance of chocks with different capacities under identical
conditions. The effect of overlaying sandstone properties and width of the longwall panels have also been investigated. The
analyses carried out in this study is expected to provide valuable process guidance during the mine design in relation to
selecting the optimal mine geometry and support capacity so that the potential mining hazards could be minimized. 相似文献
6.
Navid Hosseini Kamran Goshtasbi Behdeen Oraee-Mirzamani Mehran Gholinejad 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(5):1951-1956
The state of periodic loading and the interval of periodic roof weighting have an important role in geomechanical stability and, hence, in the continuity of longwall mining operations. In this paper, the mechanism of roof caving in longwall mining—together with the effect of engineering and geomechanical properties of surrounding rock masses on the magnitude and timing of periodic loading—is studied. For this purpose, a longwall mine is first modeled using Phase2 software, and then, by simulating the roof caving process, the periodic roof weighting intervals is calculated. Based on the numerical modeling, the first roof weighting interval and the periodic roof weighting interval are calculated as 27.2 and 12.1 m, respectively. Sensitivity analysis is then applied to determine the effect of changes in the mechanical properties of the rock mass, especially in the main roof and immediate roof. The results of the analysis show that as GSI and quality of the immediate roof increases, the periodic roof weighting interval also increases. Hence, the applied algorithm in this research study can effectively be utilized to calculate the periodic roof weighting interval in the longwall mining method. 相似文献
7.
Most coal mines in China use the longwall mining system. High stresses are frequently encountered around development entries at deep mines. This paper presents an alternate longwall mining layout for thick coal seams to minimize ground control problems. In a conventional longwall panel layout, development entries on both ends of the panel are located along the floor, and a coal pillar (chain pillar) is left between adjacent panels to ensure stability. Gateroads on either end of a longwall panel using the layout proposed in this paper are located at different vertical levels within a thick coal seam or in a geologically split coal seam for improved stability. The headgate entry/ies are driven along the floor while the tailgate entry/ies are driven along the roof. Therefore, a longwall face has a gradually elevated or curved section on one end of the panel. For the adjacent panel, the development entry may be located directly below the development entry of the previous panel or may be offset horizontally with respect to it. Based on physical and numerical modeling approaches, it is demonstrated that the stress environment for development entries employing the longwall layout is significantly improved; ground control problems are therefore minimized. 相似文献
8.
Summary In an effort to minimize cutter roof failures in longwall development entries of a West Virginia coal mine, a three-entry system was developed with the center entry arched into the strata above the coal seam. The purpose of the arched entry was to modify the horizontal stress envelope associated with the three-entry system and improve roof conditions in the adjacent outside entries.Contrary to the predictions of elastic analyses, the presence of the arched entry improved roof conditions by eliminating cutter roof failures in the outside entries.In situ stress determinations and numerical modeling techniques were employed to quantify the impact of the arch and investigate the mechanism of stress relief associated with the arched entry. Stress determinations and underground observations indicated that the roofs of the outside entries were within the zone of stress relief generated by the arch, and that failure or movement along bedding plane discontinuities played a major role in the formation of the stress relieved zone. The numerical model incorporated horizontal joints to simulate bedding plane discontinuities. The properties of the joints were adjusted until roof stresses predicted by the model were in agreement with measured stress profiles. This process resulted in a calibrated analytical tool that could be used to evaluate alternate mining geometries. 相似文献
9.
Summary Evaluation of the caving behaviour of longwall roof rocks has thus far been based on a pot-pourri of classification systems, which ignore basic caving criteria. The paper outlines a new classification model of roof strata namely cavability using fuzzy set methodology and linguistic variables to assign ratings for individual roof beds. A microcomputer program has been developed to evaluate the decision ratings for cavability and the model applied to ten longwall case-histories from Indian coalfields. The classification model has excellent potential for being used as a standard tool for the evaluation of caving behaviour of longwall roof rocks. 相似文献
10.
D. N. Bigby 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1987,5(1):59-73
Summary Recent developments in powered supports on British longwall faces include the advent of lemniscate designs, increased setting and yield loads, larger maximum extraction heights and a consequent rise in weight and cost. There was a requirement to examine the relevance of existing strata control theory to modern conditions. Measurements on five longwall coalfaces at four British collieries are described. Accurate measurements of support pressures, closures and inclinations, roof/floor convergence and lateral movement and hydraulic supply parameters were made with a digital data logging system. At one site magnetic extensometers were utilized to measure face and roof strains. Consideration of measured roof dilation and reclosure in conjunction with convergence provides a new perspective on the deformation mechanisms involved. The most important parameters governing strata conditions were identified as proximate lithology, foundation characteristics and adequate setting load densities. Recommendations are made regarding choice, design and operation of powered supports. 相似文献
11.
Zhang Zhiyi Chen Hui Li Dongfa Zhang Zhiqiang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):799-813
Equipment recovery passage (ERP) is being widely employed in longwall panel for the purpose of recovering heave mining equipment at the end of mining stage. The stability of the ERP, however, is always difficult to control although powerful supporting structures are employed, which restricts its further promotion. In the present paper, we focused on the ERP’s stability control through reducing the abutment stress imposed on the ERP’s surroundings rather than solely increasing roadway support intensity, based on a rigorous case study in China. First, the dynamic evolution of the abutment stresses, corresponding plastic zone and deformations in the surrounding rock of the ERP were analyzed through a meticulously validated FLAC3D numerical simulation, as the longwall face moved with different velocity. The simulated results indicate that the faster the longwall face moved, the lower the abutment stresses, the narrower the plastic zone and the smaller the deformations were. In terms of these analyses, two suggestions were proposed, including increasing longwall face moving velocity and roof structure optimization, and corresponding technologies were introduced, and potential effect were verified as well. Conclusions and suggestions of this paper might be helpful for increasing the flexibility of the ERP in similar geotechnical conditions.
相似文献12.
The presence of hard and massive sandstone above the coal seam in underground coal mines often leads to delay in caving of overlying rock beds thereby causing excessive load on supports and posing danger to underground workings. The problem is more prominent in blasting gallery (BG) as well as longwall mining methods in Indian coal mines. Induced caving by blasting is a promising means for hard roof management in underground coal mines. Based on extensive studies and data collected from different mines in India, a Blastability Index (BI) has been developed which can be used for the classification of roof according to the degree of ease in caving by induced blasting. Different charge factors have also been suggested based on the Blastability Index. Due to wide change in the method of extractions, ??Cavability Index?? for longwall panel was found ineffective in case of BG method of working as well as bord and pillar working. For this reason, this proposed Blastability Index would be of immense help for caving of hard roof by induced blasting. 相似文献
13.
不同岩性顶板回采工作面矿压分布规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用数值模拟技术和现场矿压观测系统,研究了不同岩性顶板回采工作面矿压分布规律及其显现特征。结果表明,在煤炭开采过程中,不同岩性顶板回采工作面最大支承应力存在一定差异,在强度较高的砂岩顶板岩体中,支承压力大,工作面前方支承压力峰值距工作面距离小,初次来压步距和周期来压步距大,矿压显现强烈;而在强度较低的泥岩顶板区,顶板岩体不能和砂岩骨架层一样抵抗覆岩压力,且支承压力小,支承压力的峰值向回采工作面前方岩体内部推移,初次来压步距和周期来压步距小,矿压显现不明显。 相似文献
14.
David C. Oyler Christopher Mark Dennis R. Dolinar Russell C. Frith 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2001,19(2):137-168
Unusual circumstances may require that a longwall retreat into or through a previously driven room. The operation can be completed successfully, but there have been a number of spectacular failures. To help determine what factors contribute to such failures, a comprehensive international database of 131 case histories has been compiled. The cases include six failures where major rock falls occurred in front of the shields, and seven even more serious failures involving major overburden weighting. The case studies suggest two types of room failure mechanism. The first is a roof fall type failure caused by loading of the immediate roof at the face as the fender or remnant longwall panel narrows. The second is an overburden weighting type failure caused by the inability of the roof to bridge the recovery room and face area, and affecting rock well above the immediate roof. The data indicate that the roof fall type of failure is less likely when intensive roof reinforcement (bolts, cables and trusses) is employed together with higher-capacity shields. The overburden weighting failures, in contrast, occurred when the roof was weak and little standing support was used. Weighting failures were not greatly affected by the density of roof reinforcement. In one of the overburden weighting cases, in a Pittsburgh coalbed mine, stress cell, convergence, bolt load and extensometer data have been used to analyze the failure in detail. 相似文献
15.
The paper discusses the concept and methodologies for the development of longwall face stability index (LFSI). LFSI is used
for estimation of chock-shield pressure and face convergence. The index comprises of engineering properties of main roof,
depth of mining, different support capacities and mechanical properties of coal seam being mined and provides a numerical
value in the range of −6.17 to 8.13. In this study, 324 finite element models of longwall panel are developed based on various
combinations of geomining conditions of Indian coal measure strata. The LFSI is an outcome of the results from finite element
models. This paper illustrates a real life example for the estimation of chock shield pressure and face convergence based
on LFSI. Validation of the LFSI based calculation is carried out with the field monitored data and found that the LFSI based
approach is sufficient to forecast face stability parameters at longwall face. 相似文献
16.
Kenneth S. Johnson 《Environmental Geology》1989,14(2):81-92
The Wink Sink, in Winkler County, Texas, is a collapse feature that formed in June 1980 when an underground dissolution cavity migrated upward by successive roof failures until it breached the land surface. The original cavity developed in the Permian Salado Formation salt beds more than 400 m (1,300 ft) below ground level. Natural dissolution of salt occurred in the vicinity of the Wink Sink in several episodes that began as early as Salado time and recurred in later Permian, Triassic, and Cenozoic times. Although natural dissolution occurred in the past below the Wink Sink, it appears likely that the dissolution cavity and resultant collapse described in this report were influenced by petroleum-production activity in the immediate area. Drilling, completion, and plugging procedures used on an abandoned oil well at the site of the sink appear to have created a conduit that enabled water to circulate down the borehole and dissolve the salt. When the dissolution cavity became large enough, the roof failed and the overlying rocks collapsed into the cavity. Similar collapse features exist where underground salt beds have been intentionally dissolved during solution mining or accidentally dissolved as a result of petroleum-production activity. 相似文献
17.
The paper presents an innovative numerical approach to simulate progressive caving of strata above a longwall coal mining panel. A proposed Trigon logic is incorporated within UDEC to successfully capture the progressive caving of strata which is characterized by fracture generation and subsequent propagation. A new damage index, D, is proposed that can quantify regions of both compressive shear and tensile failure within the modelled longwall. Many features of progressive caving are reproduced in the model and found to fit reasonably well with field observations taken from a case study in the Ruhr coalfield. The modelling study reveals that compressive shear failure, rather than tensile failure, is the dominant failure mechanism in the caved strata above the mined-out area. The immediate roof beds act like beams and can collapse in beam bending when vertical stress is dominant or in beam shear fracture when horizontal stress is dominant. The proposed numerical approach can be used to guide the design of longwall panel layout and rock support mechanisms. 相似文献
18.
Gregory Molinda 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(5):553-566
NIOSH has recently completed a study of the interaction between polyurethane (PUR) and coal mine roof in order to determine
the mechanism of reinforcement, in both highly fractured rock and unfractured rock. Four case studies of PUR reinforcement
are presented. At a West Virginia site, a borehole camera revealed the location of roof voids and guided the PUR injection.
By injecting polyurethane into a zone from 0.6 to 1.8 m (2–6 ft.) high in the roof, a roof beam was created and ongoing intersection
falls were halted. In another highly fractured roof in a western Pennsylvania mine, a total of 5.8 cm (2.3 in.) of rubbleized
rock was found in a zone up to 3 m (10 ft.) into the roof. Untargeted PUR injection filled approximately 1/2 of the fractures.
These two case studies showed that it is not necessary to fill up 100% of the void space to create stability. In the other
two field sites, polyurethane was injected into weak, but unfractured roof. Post-injection video monitoring showed that weak
bedding planes were hydraulically wedged open and polyurethane injected along bedding. The reinforcement value of this injection
method is limited because of the wafer-thin layer of PUR introduced along bedding, and the lack of a PUR “webbing” which would
serve as a structural framework to provide strength. It was determined that video inspection prior to PUR injection can aid
in identifying the fracture zones to target, and minimize “blind” pumping and loss of PUR. 相似文献
19.
镇城底矿工作面的回采巷道一条沿顶板掘进,一条沿底板掘进,相邻两工作面在端头搭接,沿底板掘进的巷道形成巷顶沿空掘巷。通过理论分析、相似模拟、数值模拟及现场实测对巷顶沿空掘巷围岩结构及应力环境进行了研究。得到如下结论：该巷道不受超前和固定支承压力影响,大结构下方的矸石垫层可起到能量和应力耗散的作用,避免了动载和冲击影响,应力低且稳定;岩层移动形成的垮落角对采空区应力大小和分布（尤其采空区边缘）有重要影响;垮落角越小,采空区应力越小,该巷道围岩应力越小,采空区恢复至原岩应力的距离越大;垮落角对岩体塑性区发育方向起控制和导向作用;该巷道围岩应力大幅低于原岩应力,卸压程度大;实测该巷道竖向和横向位移均比非沿空巷道小,即顶底板和两帮应力环境均得到改善。研究对维护具有冲击倾向的高应力巷道具有一定意义。 相似文献
20.
S. S. Peng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1987,5(1):29-57
Summary Field investigations on seven U.S. longwall coal faces were carried out to examine the behaviour and interaction of roof, floor and support on longwall faces equipped with hydraulic powered supports. The most important factor in determining face stability was found to be periodic weighting and an empirical design equation was developed for support capacity. The interaction of various elements in the face system is examined and discussed. 相似文献