共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Guang Guo Qiang Ji Ping Yang Si-Chee Tsay 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2005,2(2):132-135
The ground-based infrared radiance measurements acquired on July 14, 20, and 28, 2002 during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) campaign have been used for simultaneously retrieving the optical thickness and effective particle size on the basis of the retrieval algorithm reported in the preceding counterpart of this paper. The corresponding ice water path is derived from the retrieved optical thickness and effective particle size. Specifically, the data used for the retrieval include: 1) the infrared radiance spectrum observed by an atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer at the surface; 2) the sky condition and cloud height determined from a sky imager and a micropulse lidar; and 3) the sounding data for the profiles of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. For these three case studies, the retrieved cirrus optical thickness, effective particle size, and ice water path are in the range of 0.2-1.5, 18-42 /spl mu/m, and 2-15 g /spl middot/ m/sup -2/, respectively. Furthermore, error analyses show that the retrieval uncertainties of the optical thickness and effective particle size are less than 15% if the uncertainty of water vapor vertical profile is within 5%. The retrieval errors are within 10% if the uncertainty of cloud temperature is within 7 K. 相似文献
2.
Ping Yang Si-Chee Tsay Heli Wei Guang Guo Qiang Ji 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2005,2(2):128-131
The surface radiance spectrum within the terrestrial infrared window (i.e., wavelengths between 8-12 /spl mu/m or wavenumbers between 833-1250 cm/sup -1/) is sensitive to the optical and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds. Numerous microwindows where atmospheric absorption is minimum exist in the spectral regions of 820-960 cm/sup -1/ and 1100-1240 cm/sup -1/. The minimum radiances at the microwindows in these two spectral regions can be fitted by using two linear lines. The slope of the fitting line for the spectral region of 820-960 cm/sup -1/ is sensitive to the effective size of ice crystals within cirrus clouds, whereas the intercept of the fitting line for the spectral region of 1100-1240 cm/sup -1/ is sensitive to the optical thickness of the clouds. Based on this spectral feature, a new retrieval method has been developed for simultaneously retrieving cirrus optical thickness and the effective particle size of ice crystals. Furthermore, the ice water path of cirrus clouds can be estimated from the retrieved values of cloud optical thickness and effective particle size. 相似文献
3.
Airborne measurements of ocean skin temperature T/sub s/ are presented from the Coupled Boundary Layers, Air-Sea Transfer in Low Winds (CBLAST-Low) Pilot Experiment in August 2001 off Martha's Vineyard, MA. We used an infrared (IR) camera with a spatial resolution of 1 m or less and temperature resolution of roughly 0.02/spl deg/C. Using subframe sampling of the IR imagery, we achieve lower noise and higher spatial resolution than reported by previous investigators using IR radiometers. Fine-scale maps of T/sub s/ exhibit horizontal variability over spatial scales ranging from O(10 km) down to O(1 m) that are related to atmospheric and subsurface phenomena under low to moderate wind conditions. Based on supporting measurements of wind and waves, we identify coherent ramp-like structures in T/sub s/ with stratification breakdown and meandering streaky features with internal waves. Regional maps of T/sub s/ show the standard deviation for the region is /spl plusmn/1.04/spl deg/C, while the meridional and zonal variability is 0.23/spl deg/C /spl middot/ km/sup -1/ and 0.27/spl deg/C /spl middot/ km/sup -1/, respectively. This temperature variability results in meridional and zonal scalar heat flux variability of 7.0 W /spl middot/ m/sup -2/ /spl middot/ km/sup -1/ and 7.6 W /spl middot/ m/sup -2/ /spl middot/ km/sup -1/, respectively. Our results demonstrate the potential for airborne IR imagery accompanied by high-quality ocean data to identify T/sub s/ features produced by subsurface circulation. 相似文献
4.
The effect of natural variation of raindrop size distribution (DSD)on the retrieval of rainfall rate from the dual-frequency (13.6/35.5 GHz,as will be in the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission) Precipitation Radar (DPR) measurements is studied by utilizing a large set of disdrometer-measured DSD data through a simple simulation framework. A DPR inversion technique(DPR-IT) that focuses on the retrieval of DSD information from the non-Rayleigh backscattering characteristic of the hydrometeors and a conventional DPR technique(DPR-CT) that focuses on the independent retrieval of rainfall rate from the attenuation measurement are considered in this analysis. The preliminary results show that at different rainfall rate regions these methods have different responses to the DSD variability. For instance, it appears that DPR-IT suffers relatively less from the DSD variability in the regions of weak to moderate rainfall rate (/spl bsol/ mm /spl middot/ h/sup -1/),while in the strong rainfall rate (>/spl sim/10 mm /spl middot/ h/sup -1/) region the DPR-CT generally has less sensitivity to DSD variations than the DPR-IT. 相似文献
5.
Wigneron J.-P. Calvet J.-C. de Rosnay P. Kerr Y. Waldteufel P. Saleh K. Escorihuela M.J. Kruszewski A. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2004,1(4):277-281
A simple approach for correcting the effect of vegetation in the estimation of soil moisture (w/sub S/) from L-band passive microwave observations is presented in this study. The approach is based on statistical relationships, calibrated from simulated datasets, which requires only two observations made at distinct incidence angles (/spl theta//sub 1/,/spl theta//sub 2/). A sensitivity study was carried out, and best retrieval remote sensing configurations, in terms of polarization and couple of incidence angles (/spl theta//sub 1/,/spl theta//sub 2/), were investigated. Best estimations of w/sub S/ could be made at H polarization, for /spl theta//sub 1/ varying between 15/spl deg/ and 30/spl deg/, and with a difference (/spl theta//sub 2/-/spl theta//sub 1/) larger than 30/spl deg/. The method was tested against two experimental datasets acquired over crop fields (soybean and wheat). The average accuracy in the soil moisture retrievals during the whole crop cycle was found to be about 0.05 m/sup 3//m/sup 3/ for both crops. 相似文献
6.
N. K. Patel R. K. Saxena Ajay Shiwalkar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2007,35(1):73-79
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of vegetation cover on soil spectra and relationship of spectral indices with vegetation cover. Multi-date spectral measurements were carried out on twelve wheat fields. Five sets of measurements were taken during the growth period of wheat crop. Field reflectance data were collected in the range 350 to 1800 nm using ASD spectroradiometer. Analysis of data was done to select narrow spectral bands for estimation of ground cover. The ratio of reflectance from vegetation covered soil and reflectance from bare soil indicated that spectral reflectance at 670 and 710 nm are the most sensitive bands. Two bands in visible (670 and 560 nm), three bands in near infrared (710, 870 and 1100 nm) and three bands in middle infrared (1480, 1700 and 1800 nm) were found highly correlated with fractional cover. Vegetation indices developed using narrow band spectral data have been found to be better than those developed using broad- band data for estimation of ground cover. 相似文献
7.
The combination of radiance from both clear and cloudy regions of sky within the instrument's field of view (FOV) adds significant uncertainty to retrievals of atmospheric state profiles and cloud microphysical properties from infrared spectroradiometers. In this letter, we use observations of radiance from both the 8-13 and 3-5 /spl mu/m bands to retrieve estimates of the cloud fraction in the instrument's FOV, as well as microphysical cloud properties, from high-spectral-resolution infrared radiometers. Cloud fraction derived from imagers as well as high-time-resolution observations show good agreement and high correlation with our derived cloud fraction values. This is shown for both ground-based and aircraft-based observations. We also demonstrate that the use of the additional information in the 3-5 /spl mu/m band extends the dynamic range and accuracy of microphysical properties that can be retrieved from infrared radiance data. 相似文献
8.
面向土壤分类的高光谱反射特征参数模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出了一种无损、快速、成本低的土壤分类方法,选取松嫩平原4种典型土壤(黑土、黑钙土、风砂土和草甸土)耕层(0—20 cm)土样的实验室反射光谱数据作为研究对象,采用重采样、包络线消除法处理光谱数据,提取反映反射光谱特征的光谱特征参数,利用K均值聚类(K-means clustering)和决策树(decision tree)分别进行聚类分析和分类模型构建,实现土壤的快速分类。结果表明,利用表层土壤反射光谱特征参数构建的决策树分类模型可以对研究区土壤进行分类。研究成果有望加快土壤制图,为土壤理化性质的时空变化研究提供技术支持。 相似文献
9.
WHI的场地外定标和二类水体的大气纠正 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WHI(Wide field-of-view Hyperspectral Imager)是具有5nm光谱分辨率的航空成像光谱仪,光谱范围从406nm到985nm。为评价该传感器在二类水体水质监测的性能,2006年1月9日在太湖地区进行航空飞行,并利用ASD和CE318同步测量水面光谱和大气参数。为比较准确的反演水质参数,对该传感器进行场地定标和替代定标,场地定标是对实验室定标后的辐亮度进行再次定标,替代定标利用同步点水面光谱计算的遥感反射率对图像计算的遥感反射率进行标定。最后对WHI进行大气纠正得到太湖的遥感反射率,并利用其他的准同步点进行精度检验,在532nm到750nm之间的大气纠正误差不超过5%。 相似文献
10.
江苏近海岸水深遥感研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以江苏近海辐射沙脊群海域为典型研究区,通过实测水深数据和水体光谱测量与分析,发现对应TM3和TM4波段的水体光谱反射率对水深信息敏感,线性相关系数分别达到-0.561和-0.694。结合多光谱遥感信息传输方程所推导出的水深信息对数反演模式,针对本研究区TM4和TM3波段数据所建立的水深预测模式的复相关系数R2为0.4793,对0-15m水深,预测水深和实测水深之间拟合较好。利用TM5波段反射率、出露沙洲反射率以及海水反射率的差异,通过建立掩膜图像,可较有效地对TM遥感图像进行水陆分离,提取TM图像中海水部分,进一步可通过常用的图像处理软件绘制每隔5m的TM水深遥感制图、等深线图。随着高空间、高光谱、高辐射分辨率遥感技术的发展,对浅海水域的水深和水下地形进行遥感探测的技术方法和应用将会不断地深入开展。 相似文献
11.
The dual-frequency Airborne Precipitation Radar-2 (APR-2) was deployed during the Wakasa Bay Experiment in 2003, for validation of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS. Besides providing extensive observations of diverse precipitating systems, this Ku-(13.4 GHz) and Ka-band (35.6 GHz) cross-track scanning radar measured sea surface backscatter simultaneously. While the characteristics of the normalized sea surface cross section /spl sigma//sup 0/ at Ku-band are well understood and widely published, the existing experimental data concerning /spl sigma//sup 0/ at Ka-band are scarce and results are inconsistent. In this letter, the Ku/Ka-band /spl sigma//sup 0/ measurements collected by APR-2, together with the estimated uncertainties, are discussed. In general, the measured /spl sigma//sup 0/ at Ka-band at around 10/spl deg/ incidence angle appears to be close to that at Ku-band /spl sigma//sup 0/, and Ka-band exhibits a nonnegligible difference in wind dependence with respect to Ku-band for moderate to high winds. 相似文献
12.
13.
不同钾素处理春玉米叶片营养元素含量变化及其光谱响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目的是研究不同钾营养水平春玉米典型生育期叶片的光谱响应,探索叶片内营养成分与叶片光谱反射率的相关性。方法是设置了不同梯度钾处理的盆栽试验,按玉米生育期进行光谱测定和取样分析。结果,通过对不同钾处理间玉米叶片养分含量的差异性分析表明,随着施钾的提高,叶片钾含量差异性达到显著水平。分析不同钾营养水平不同生育时期春玉米叶片光谱反射率与叶片钾含量的相关关系,并建立了喇叭口期利用叶片光谱反射率估测叶片钾含量的数学模型;以及分析了该处理下喇叭口期叶片内水分、叶绿素、氮、磷、钙、镁、锌、锰、铜、铁含量与叶片光谱反射率的相关性。结果表明：不同生育时期叶片钾含量与其光谱反射率的相关关系在光谱维方向存在明显差别,730—930nm和960—1100nm两波段为春玉米喇叭口期评价钾营养状况的敏感波段,光谱变量R767＋R1057,（R767＋R1057） /（logR767＋logR1057）和（R767-R1057） /（logR767-logR1057）均能很好的预测喇叭口期叶片钾含量;该时期叶片内不同成分与光谱反射率相关分析表明：550nm,710nm,950nm三波段处是各个相关曲线的突变点;叶片内各成分间高度相关的,它们的光谱相关曲线趋势也极为一致或对称。 相似文献
14.
Jitendra Kumar Ananta Vashisth V. K. Sehgal V. K. Gupta 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(1):83-90
Field experiment was conducted during 2009–10 and 2010–11 rabi season at research farm of IARI, New Delhi for assessing the aphid infestation in mustard. In aphid infested plant the LAI was 67 to 94% lower than healthy plant. Chlorophyll concentration decreased to 50% in infested plant as compared to healthy plant. Infestation was more severe in late sown crop and due to aphid infestation the percentage oil content and yield was reduced significantly. The spectral reflectance of aphid infested canopy and healthy canopy taken in the laboratory had significant difference in NIR region. In the visible region, the reflectance peak occurred in healthy canopy at around 550–560 nm while this peak was lower by 31% in the aphid infested canopy. The reflectance for healthy crop was found to be more in visible as well as NIR region as compared to aphid infested canopy. The most significant spectral bands for the aphid infestation in mustard are in visible (550–560 nm) and near infrared regions (700–1250 nm and 1950–2450 nm). The different level of aphid infestation can be identified in 1950–2450 nm spectral regions. Spectral indices viz NDVI, RVI, AI and SIPI had significant correlation with aphid infestation. Hence these indices could be used for identifying aphid infestation in mustard. 相似文献
15.
S. Anbazhagan N. K. Sainaba S. Arivazhagan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2012,40(1):145-153
In the present study, The Landsat 7 ETM satellite data was collected for the Sittampundi anorthosites complex and digital
image analysis was carried out. The anorthositic rocks available at Sittampundi complex is considered as an equivalent of
lunar highland rocks. Hence, a remote sensing study comprises of image analysis and spectral profile analysis was carried
out. The satellite data was digitally processed and generated various outputs like band combinations, color composites, stretched
outputs, and PCA. The suitable processed outputs were identified for delineating the anorthosite complex. The diagnostic absorption
features of reflectance spectra are the sensitive indicators of mineralogy and chemical composition of rocks, which are interest
to the planetary scientists. The spectral profile of Landsat ETM plotted for pure and mixed anorthosite pixels and compared
with the field and lab reflectance spectra. The percentages of image spectra vary from 30% to 60% for Sittampundi anorthosite.
The spectral bands 2, 4 and 6 have low reflectance and bands 3 and 5 have high reflectance. The spectral range of bands 2,3,4,5
and 6 are 525 nm–605 nm, 630 nm–690 nm, 750 nm–900 nm, 1550 nm–1750 nm and 10400 nm–12500 nm respectively. The field spectral
curve has weak absorptions at 650 nm and 1000 nm due to the iron transition absorption and low ca- pyroxene respectively available
in the anorthosite, matching with the image spectra. However, hyperspectal image with narrow bandwidth could be more useful
in selecting the suitable spectrum for remotely mapping the anorthosite region, as equivalent test site for lunar highland
region. 相似文献
16.
冬小麦冠层氮素的垂直分布及光谱响应 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23
考察了田间条件下冬小麦主要生育阶段冠层氮素、叶绿素的垂直分布及其光谱响应。不同叶层的叶片含氮量按上 (冠层顶部向下至 1 / 3株高处 )、中、下层的顺序呈明显下降的梯度 ,全生育期不同土壤施氮处理平均 ,上、中层间相差 1 3 3% ,中、下层间相差 2 9 5 %。在生育前期 ,各层叶片的含氮量随土壤供氮水平增高而增加 ,但不同叶层间氮素的梯度相对稳定。到生育中后期 ,中、下层叶片间氮素含量梯度增大 ,且随土壤供氮水平增高而加剧 ,最大时可相差 4 5 3% ;冠层内叶绿素 (a b)含量的垂直分布规律与氮素含量的垂直分布相类似 ,但对土壤供氮水平的反应上表现出与氮素不尽一致的趋势。不同叶层的光谱特征表现为 ,在土壤低氮水平下 ,不同叶层间在红光波段、短波红外波段 (1 4 0 0nm— 1 80 0nm及 1 95 0nm— 2 30 0nm)的反射率差异显著 ,下部叶层的反射率显著高于上、中叶层 ,但在土壤高氮水平下 ,上述差异消失 ;在近红外平台处 ,不同叶层间反射率按上、中、下顺序降低 ,梯度分布特征明显。利用近红外波段的冠层反射光谱能够很好地反演中下层叶片的叶绿素含量 相似文献
17.
We present a comparison of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) reflectance calibrations at wavelengths between 442 and 885 nm. Results show that SCIAMACHY underestimates the reflectance by /spl sim/13% at 442 nm reaching up to /spl sim/21% at 885 nm as compared to MERIS. We also find a small nonlinear effect for the lowest reflectance. This effect is more evident for pixels over ocean than over land. 相似文献
18.
Paresh H. Rathod Carsten Brackhage Ingo Müller Freek D. Van der Meer Marleen F. Noomen 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(12):1925-1937
The aim of this study was to monitor changes in leaf spectral reflectance due to phytoaccumulation of trace elements (Cd, Pb, and As) in sunflower mutant (M5 mutant line 38/R4-R6/15-35-190-04-M5) grown in spiked and in situ metal-contaminated potted soils. Reflectance spectra (350–2500 nm) of leaves were collected using portable ASD spectroradiometer, and respective leaves sample were analyzed for total metal contents. The spectral changes were quite noticeable and showed increased visible and decreased NIR reflectance for sunflower grown in soil spiked with 900 mg As kg?1, and in in situ metal-contaminated soils. These changes also involved a blue-shift feature of red-edge position in the first derivatives spectra, studied vegetation indices and continuum removed absorption features at 495, 680, 970, 1165, 1435, 1780, and 1925 nm wavelength. Correlograms of leaf-metal concentration and reflectance values show highest degrees of overall correlation for visible, near-infrared, and water-sensitive wavelengths. Partial least square and multiple linear regression statistical models (cross-validated), respectively, based on Savitzky–Golay filter first-order derivative spectra and combination of spectral feature such as vegetation indices and band depths yielded good prediction of leaf-metal concentrations. 相似文献
19.
Pablo J Zarco-Tejada John R Miller Gina H Mohammed Thomas L Noland Paul H Sampson 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2001,3(4):321
This paper reports a series of laboratory and field measurements of spectral reflectance under artificial and natural light conditions which demonstrate that effects of natural chlorophyll fluorescence are observable in the reflectance red edge spectral region. These are results from the progress made to link physiologically-based indicators to optical indices from hyperspectral remote sensing in the Bioindicators of Forest Sustainability Project. This study is carried out on twelve sites of Acer saccharum M. in the Algoma Region, Ontario (Canada), where field measurements, laboratory-simulation experiments, and hyperspectral CASI imagery have been carried out in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000 campaigns. Leaf samples from the study sites have been used for reflectance and transmittance measurements with the Li-Cor Model 1800 integrating sphere apparatus coupled to an Ocean Optics Model ST1000 fibre spectrometer in which the same leaves are illuminated alternatively with and without fluorescence-exciting radiation. A study of the diurnal change in leaf reflectance spectra, combined with fluorescence measurements with the PAM-2000 Fluorometer show that the difference spectra are consistent with observed diurnal changes in steady-state fluorescence. Small canopies of Acer saccharum M. have been used for laboratory measurements with the CASI hyperspectral sensor, and under natural light conditions with a fibre spectrometer in diurnal trials, in which the variation of measured reflectance is shown experimentally to be consistent with a fluorescence signature imposed on the inherent leaf reflectance signature. Such reflectance changes due to CF are measurable under natural illumination conditions, although airborne experiments with the CASI hyperspectral sensor produced promising but less convincing results in two diurnal experiments carried out in 1999 and 2000, where small variations of reflectance due to the effect of CF were observed. 相似文献
20.
Lian-Ru Gao Bing Zhang Xia Zhang Wen-Juan Zhang Qing-Xi Tong 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2008,5(1):83-87
A new method for estimating noise in hyperspectral images is described in this letter. Our method is based on the general internal regularity of Earth objects and the strong spectral correlation of hyperspectral images. It can be used to automatically estimate noise for both radiance and reflectance images. Unlike other methods discussed in this letter, our method is more reliable and adaptable, which we demonstrate using simulated images with different scene contents. Finally, we successfully applied this new method in estimating noise for pushbroom hyperspectral imager (PHI) data. 相似文献