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1.
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2.
The extensive H166 line, several points in each region, and 1.4 GHz continuum observations from nineteenHII regions were carried out with the 30-m antenna of the Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Physical parameters of the low-density ionized gas associated to the sources, were obtained from these observations. From these results, and those of the northern and southern H166 surveys (Hart and Pedlar, 1976b; Lockman, 1976; Cersosimoet al., 1989), we can assume that the physical conditions of the low-density ionized gas, seen both in direction to and away from discrete sources, are similar.  相似文献   

3.
We have studied 15 years of active region data based on the Mount Wilson daily magnetograms in the interval 1967–1981. The analysis revealed the following: (1) The integral number of regions decreases exponentially with increasing region sizes, or N(A) = 4788 exp(-A/175) for the 15 years of data, where A is the area in square degrees and N(A) is the number of active regions with area A. (2) The average area of active regions varies with the phase of the solar cycle. There are more larger regions during maximum than during minimum. (3) Regions in the north are 10% larger on average than those in the south during this interval. This coincides with a similar asymmetry in the total magnetic flux between the hemispheres. (4) Regions of all sizes and magnetic complexities show the same characteristic latitude variation with phase in the solar cycle. The largest regions, however, show a narrower latitude range.  相似文献   

4.
We have used a simple method to estimate the prompt emission radii of 27 Swift and 37 pre-Swift long gamma-ray bursts with known redshift and jet break time. The prompt γ-rays are found to emit mainly from a beamed jet with dynamic open angle narrower than its geometric open angle, suggesting an obviously dynamic evolution from prompt to follow-up phases for the jetted outflow. Under condition of the external shock scenario, we confirm that long gamma-ray bursts are produced at a larger radius of ∼1016 cm, which puts a strict constraint on the currently theoretical models.  相似文献   

5.
The surface photometry of S254–S257 has been carried out by means of a wide range image processing technique in the reduction system. The photographic plates in the H+[NII] andV-bands are taken with the Schmidt telescope. Especially, we have obtained the calibrated map of theHii region, superposing two or more plates with different exposure times, and removing the star images. Three kinds of calibrated maps of theHii regions are drawn: (1)E-map in the (H+[NII]+continuum) (2)V-map in the continuum atV-band, (3)(E-V)-map in the (H+[NII]) line emission. The intensity profiles across the nebular centers were also obtained. Based on calibrated maps, the morphological structure and mass distribution of S255 and S257 are discussed. The location of observed nebulae on the (m H–m v) diagram, wherem H andm v denote the surface brightness, expressed in the magnitude per square arcmin, is shown together with that of some other nebulae. Some arguements on the age sequence of observedHii regions are presented.  相似文献   

6.
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7.
We report results of the H2CO and H110α survey toward 281 UCHII regions using the Urumqi 25m radio telescope.We obtained 37 new H2CO detections,and H110α was simultaneously detected in eight of them.Only H110α was detected in another UCHII region.We calculated kinematic distances of nine UCHII regions with the detected H110α and resolved the kinematic distance ambiguity for six of them.The detection rate of H2CO of our observation was 13.2%,which is low compared with one of the other authors.The possible re...  相似文献   

8.
A classification scheme is proposed for the central regions of Sérsic-Pastoriza galaxies based on high resolution photographs of 50 objects in the integrated light (4000 Å-8700 Å). Structures of two different linear scales are recognized: (1) nucleus(?1 kpc) and (2) perinuclear formation (～l.5 kpc). The perinuclear formation is weak in classκ while the nucleus is too faint to detect in class ι. In the intermediate classesε andσ both the components are bright. Classε has an elliptical perinuclear formation with little gas while the classσ consists of bright H II complexes and dust. Observations of a few galaxies in the infrared and the blue ends of the image tube response show that the nucleus is generally redder than its surroundings. Equal intensity contours and the luminosity profiles are presented for the central regions of 27 galaxies. A comparison of their axial ratios with those of the parent galaxies indicates that the perinuclear formations are prolate or barlike. The dependence of the peak surface brightness of the central formation on the size of the bar is investigated as also the dependence of the central surface brightness of the bar on the size of the bar. The following major conclusions are drawn:
  1. The peak central surface brightness of the perinuclear formation varies as the square of the bar length. This relation implies that the bar induces the infall of gas from the bar-disk region.
  2. The formations of classσ move towards classε as star formation ceases and the massive stars die.
  3. The classι differs from classσ in the intensity of the burst of star formation. Low luminosity of the parent galaxies in classι implies less infall of gas and higher domination of the bar potential on the perinuclear formation. Thus the classι structures are more prolate than those of classσ.
  4. The central brightness of the bars varies directly as the length of the bar.
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9.
The fact that infrared ring nebulae(IRRNe) are frequently associated with HⅡ regions provides us with an opportunity to study dust at the interface between ionized and neutral gas. In this paper, we analyze the associated infrared(IR) radiation in the range from 8 to 500 μm in the outer and inner parts of32 IRRNe showing a round shape. We aim to determine the morphology of these objects and possible dust evolution processes based on comparing IR radiation towards the ionized and neutral regions. We calculate six slopes between adjacent wavelengths in their spectral energy distributions to trace the difference in physical conditions inside and outside the ionized regions. Using data on these 32 objects, we demonstrate that their morphology is likely 3 D spherical rather than 2 D plane-like. The slope between 70 and 160 μm is the most appropriate tracer of dust temperature in the outer envelope. The larger 8-to-24 μm intensity ratio is associated with smaller intensities at mid-IR, indicating that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) may indeed be generated due to larger grain destruction. These data are important for the subsequent theoretical modeling, and determining the dust evolution in HⅡ regions and their envelopes.  相似文献   

10.
Using HXIS data, we have studied the further development of the coronal arch extending towards the SE above active region No. 17255 in November 1980. The arch, studied originally by vestka (1984) disappeared on 10 November (after pronounced revival), but since 9 November HXIS revealed another arch-like structure towards the SW. We have studied the development of this new structure which appeared to be most likely an arch interconnecting AR 17255 with AR 17251, located nearly 30° to the west. This interconnection revived many times during the following days with intensity varying with the activity in both active regions. We have estimated the physical characteristics in this coronal structure and compared them with observations of interconnecting loops made at lower energies by Skylab in 1973. The temperature (maximum values 7.5–14 × 106 K) and the density (1.1–5.0 × 109 cm–3) are found to be higher than in the Skylab loops (a result that could be expected because the HXIS energy range was harder than that of Skylab) and similar to the values deduced for the earlier arch system extending to the SE. However, much shorter decay times of the brightness variations indicate the presence of conduction in contrast to the SE arch in which conduction was clearly inhibited. This supports the assumption that the SE and SW coronal structures were two different phenomena.Presently at Delft Institute of Technology, Landbergstraat 3, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands.  相似文献   

11.
We investigated the structure of magnetic field and vertical electric currents in two active regions through a comparison of the observed transverse field with the potential field, which was computed according to Neumann boundary-value problem for the Laplace equation using the observed H z -value. Electric currents were calculated from the observations of the transverse magnetic field.There exist two systems of vertical electric currents in active regions: a system of local currents and a global one. The global current is about 2 × 1012 A. In the leading part of the active regions it is directed upward, and in the tail downward.Flare activity is closely connected with the value and direction of both local and global currents: the flares tend to apear in places with upward currents. The luminosity of H flocculi is also connected with vertical electric currents; the brighter the flocculi, the more frequently they appear in places of upward electric currents.The sensitivity of H emission to the sign of the current suggests that charged particles accelerated in the upper parts of magnetic loops may be responsible for these formations. Joule heating might be important for flocculi, if plasma conductivity is about 5 × 108 c.g.s.e.A model of a flare is suggested based on current redistribution in a system of emerging loops due to changes of loop inductance.  相似文献   

12.
The existence of compact H?ii regions around massive stellar clusters with ages exceeding several Myr challenges our understanding of the physical processes occurring inside such clusters, and their impact on the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. Here, we summarize our recent results dealing with the hydrodynamics of matter ejected by massive stars inside the cluster and show that compact H?ii regions found around some massive clusters may indicate that these are evolving in a bimodal hydrodynamic regime. The latter is characterized by the accumulation of the injected matter in the central, thermally unstable zone, and by the ejection of mass supplied by massive stars in the outer regions of the cluster.  相似文献   

13.
We apply the turbulent convection model (TCM) to investigate properties of tur-bulence in the solar convective envelope, especially in overshooting regions. The results show TCM gives negative turbulent heat flux uγ′T′in overshooting regions, which is sim-ilar to other nonlocal turbulent convection theories. The turbulent temperature fluctuation T′T′shows peaks in overshooting regions. Most important, we find that the downward overshooting region below the base of the solar convection zone is a thin cellular layer filled with roll-shaped convective cells. The overshooting length for the temperature gradi-ent is much shorter than that for element mixing because turbulent heat flux of downward and upward moving convective cells counteract each other in this cellular overshooting region. Comparing the models' sound speed with observations, we find that raking the convective overshooting into account helps to improve the sound speed profile of our nonlocal solar models. Comparing the p-mode oscillation frequencies with observations,we validated that increasing the diffusion parameters and decreasing the dissipation pa-rameters of TCM make the p-mode oscillation frequencies of the solar model be in betteragreement with observations.  相似文献   

14.
《New Astronomy Reviews》2000,44(7-9):573-575
We study the UV spectra of NLS1 galaxies and compare them with typical Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars. The NLS1 spectra show narrower UV lines as well as weaker CIV λ1549 and CIII] λ1909 emission. We show that these line properties are due to a lower ionization parameter and somewhat higher BLR cloud densities. These modified conditions can be explained by the hotter big blue bumps observed in NLS1s, which are in turn due to higher L/LEdd ratios, as shown by our accretion disk and corona modeling of the NLS1 continua. We also present evidence that the Boroson and Green eigenvector 1, which is correlated with the optical and UV emission-line properties, is not driven by orientation and hence NLS1s, which have extreme eigenvector 1 values, are not viewed from an extreme viewing angle.  相似文献   

15.
We present Australia Telescope Compact Array observations towards six massive star formation regions, which, from their strong 24 GHz continuum emission but no compact 8 GHz continuum emission, appeared good candidates for hypercompact H  ii regions. However, the properties of the ionized gas derived from the 19 to 93 GHz continuum emission and  H70α+ H57α  radio recombination line data show the majority of these sources are, in fact, regions of spatially extended, optically thin free–free emission. These extended sources were missed in the previous 8 GHz observations due to a combination of spatial filtering, poor surface brightness sensitivity and primary beam attenuation.
We consider the implications that a significant number of these extended H  ii regions may have been missed by previous surveys of massive star formation regions. If the original sample of 21 sources is representative of the population as a whole, the fact that six contain previously undetected extended free–free emission suggests a large number of regions have been mis-classified. Rather than being very young objects prior to UCH  ii region formation, they are, in fact, associated with extended H  ii regions and thus significantly older. In addition, inadvertently ignoring a potentially substantial flux contribution (up to ∼0.5 Jy) from free–free emission has implications for dust masses derived from sub-mm flux densities. The large spatial scales probed by single-dish telescopes, which do not suffer from spatial filtering, are particularly susceptible and dust masses may be overestimated by up to a factor of ∼2.  相似文献   

16.
The paper is concerned with the study of the star-forming regions S231–S235 in radio lines of molecules of the interstellar medium—carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), cyanoacetylene (HC3N), in maser lines—methanol (CH3OH) and water vapor (H2O). The regions S231–S235 belong to the giant molecular cloudG174+2.5. The goal of this paper is to search for new sources of emission toward molecular clumps and to estimate their physical parameters from CO and NH3 molecular lines. We obtained new detections ofNH3 andHC3Nlines in the sources WB89673 and WB89 668 which indicates the presence of high-density gas. From the CO line, we derived sizes, column densities, and masses of molecular clumps. From the NH3 line, we derived gas kinetic temperatures and number densities in molecular clumps. We determined that kinetic temperatures and number densities of molecular gas are within the limits 16–30 K and 2.8–7.2 × 103 cm?3 respectively. The shock-tracing line of CH3OH molecule at a frequency of 36.2 GHz was detected in WB89 673 for the first time.  相似文献   

17.
The methods of panoramic (3D) spectroscopy are used by us in a detailed study of galaxies with ongoing star formation chosen from among objects in seven selected fields of the Second Byurakan Survey (SBS). This article deals with the irregular galaxy SBS 1202 + 583, which our classification scheme identifies as being in a continuous phase of star formation. Observations were made with the panoramic spectrographs MPFS at the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) of the Russian Academy of Sciences and VAGR at the 2.6-m telescope of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) in Armenia. The data are used to construct maps of the radiative fluxes in the continuum and various emission lines. Special attention is devoted to analyzing the emission in the Hα hydrogen recombination line and in the forbidden low-ionization doublets of nitrogen [NII] λλ6548, 6583 and sulfur [SII] λλ6716, 6731, and the ratios of the intensities of the forbidden lines to Hα. The observable characteristics (size, Hα fluxes, etc.) of nine HII regions are studied. The estimated current rates of star formation in the individual HII regions based on the Hα fluxes lie within the range of 0.3-1.2⨀ M /year. The dependence of the ratio of the intensities of the emission in these above mentioned forbidden doublets on the rate of star formation in the HII regions is found.  相似文献   

18.
The synthetic equivalent width (W H) of the line H in emission is obtained for Hii regions opaque to the Lyman photon flux, with embedded OB associations with different initial chemical compositions and initial mass functions. The variation ofW H as a function of the evolution of the ionizing stars is analysed. The observations ofW H for M33, M101, and M51 by Searle (1971) are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Estimates of magnetic fields for a number of active galactic nuclei are presented. These estimates are based on the observed polarization degrees and position angles of broad Hα lines and in the nearby continuum and on asymptotic analytical formulas for the Stokes parameters of the radiation emerging from a magnetized accretion disk (the Milne problem in a magnetized atmosphere). The characteristic observed feature of the wavelength dependence of the polarization degree inside the line—a minimum at the center and a fast increase of the position angle from one wing to another—can be explained by the superposition of resonance emission from two or more clouds located in the right (Keplerian velocity directed away from the observer) and left (Keplerian velocity directed toward the observer) parts of the orbit in the rotating magnetized accretion disk. The main component in our mechanism is the azimuthal magnetic field in the disk. The presence of a magnetic field perpendicular to the disk plane (which is usually weaker than the azimuthal field) results in the asymmetry of the distribution of the polarization degree and position angle inside the line. The inferred magnetic field strengths at the galactocentric distances where broad lines are emitted can be used to estimate the magnetic fields in the region of the centermost stable orbit and at the horizon of the central black hole, using the power-law dependence of the magnetic field strength corresponding to the standard model of the accretion disk.  相似文献   

20.
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