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地理信息系统在山区城市地面岩体稳定性管理与控制中的应用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文以我国最大的山区城市——重庆市为典型研究对象,在对城市地面岩体变形破坏形成机制系统研究的基础上,以地理信息系统和其它软件为工具,对地面岩体变形破坏进行了时间、空间预测预报。同时,通过分析城市地质环境对土地工程利用的制约关系,对各种土地利用类型的土地能力作了定量的分析与评价。 相似文献
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一、宁波市城乡结合部土地利用特征和土地市场特征
我国人多地少,在工业化和城市化建设过程中,必须研究城市的土地价值形成、演绎和地域分布规律,科学合理地经营城市土地,通过城市土地价格的显化和城市土地权属的转移,以地生财,获得城市建设的资本。因此,城市土地价格问题是城市土地经营的核心。为了准确和客观地研究宁波市城乡结合部的地价变化情况,并结合宁波市城市空间扩张主要是向东南发展的趋势,我们主要以地价政策和管理完全一致的鄞州区部分乡镇作为调查和研究的典型区域。 相似文献
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改革开放以来，产业结构升级对土地的需求与日俱增，这与土地的有限性形成一对发展的矛盾。天津在城市化加速过程中，土地资源配置效率低下的同时，仍有大量圈占土地，致使土地利用效率低，城市用地比例失调，土地闲置问题严重的情况。这就需要我们提出更加合理土地利用结构优化方案。合理的土地利用结构能促进城市功能发挥以及用地效益提升。 相似文献
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徐州城市规划区内由于大规模的煤炭开采,采空区分布面积较广,随着城市建设的发展,土地资源日益紧张,煤矿采空区土地成为煤矿区可持续发展的重要自然资源。开展采空区稳定性评价,是煤矿采空区土地利用的前提。本文针对徐州城市规划区内大面积的煤矿采空区,建立了采空区稳定性评价指标体系,采用敏感因子—一般因子评价模型对采空区稳定性进行综合评定,最终划分出不稳定区、基本稳定区和稳定区。 相似文献
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建设可持续发展的城市是我国未来城市建设的唯一选择,一个可持续发展的城市除应具有可持续发展的经济结构与合理的城市人口规模外,还必须具有一种有效的土地利用方式和现代化的城市基础设施,其中可持续发展的经济结构体系是城市可持续发展的保障,合理的人口规模应与城市的自然环境、经济发展水平相适应,有效的土地利用方式为城市的可持续发展提供必需的物质载体,而现代化的城市基础设施则是城市可持 相似文献
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《上海国土资源》2012,33(1):1-8
2012年1月10日,中国土地学会顾问（原副理事长兼学术委员会主任）、南京农业大学土地管理学院王万茂教授,接受了《上海国土资源》期刊的专访。王教授介绍了国内外土地规划理论与实践的发展与最新动向,指出土地规划的本质与特征,强调须结合国情编制具有指导性和切实可行的土地利用总体规划;结合城市土地利用总体规划与城市总体规划的＂两规合一＂工作,指出必须注重两者的共性与差异,在基础数据方面尤其应该实现统一;土地利用规划调整优化与具体实施,应同时考虑土地的数量与质量,并须合理保障环境生态的用地需求;应当加强土地规划中不确定性研究;土地利用规划的未来发展应体现社会化、生态化、信息化、计量化、综合化,以更好地发挥作用和实效。 相似文献
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露采矿山是江苏的主体矿山，占用并破坏大量的土地资源，资源禁采后，采矿宕口的复垦给土地资源紧缺的江苏带来了增量土地资源的广阔前景，尤其是城市规划区内，土地复垦的环境、社会和经济效益十分显著。在分析全省露采矿山占用与破坏土地资源不同特征的基础上，初步估算全省露采矿山可复垦的土地资源面积及可复垦土地资源类型，并对土地复垦产生的经济、环境和社会效益进行分析评估，为露采矿山环境治理奠定基础。 相似文献
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城市土地利用对植被特征影响的研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
城市土地利用对植被的影响是城市生态学中研究的重要问题。简单综述了国内外在该领域中的研究现状。通过在北京市进行的研究，对城市植被的特点及其与土地利用的关系进行了分析，结论为：①藜科（Chenpodiac eae）和蓼科（Polygonac eae）植物种类数量相对增加，归化植物占的比例大是城市植物区系的特征；②与非城市区域相比，生活型谱中一二年生植物比例增高，属的区系地理成分构成中世界分布属所占比例也明显提高；③城市土地利用类型对生境和植物群落特征的影响明显；④生境多样化对维持城市植物物种多样性而言，比面积大小具有更为显著的作用。 相似文献
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A methodology to model seismic microzonation maps is required in the hazard mitigation decision plans of the earthquake prone areas. The stage of disaster preparedness for new residential places is of great importance for detailed seismic microzonation models. The effects of local geological and geotechnical site conditions were considered in order to establish site characterization as the initial stage of the models in this study. Dynamic soil properties based on the empirical correlations between shear wave velocity (V s) and standard penetration test blow counts were taken into account in order to define representative soil profiles extending down to the engineering bedrock. One-dimensional site response analyses were performed to analyze earthquake characteristics on the ground surface. The layers for soil classification, geology, depth to groundwater level, amplification, distance to fault, slope and aspect, and liquefaction-induced ground deformation potential of the study area were prepared in seismic microzonation models. The study area, Erbaa, is placed along the seismically active North Anatolian Fault Zone. Final seismic microzonation map of the study area was evaluated applying different GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques. Two of the MCDA techniques, simple additive weighting and analytical hierarchical process (AHP), are considered during the evaluation step of the final seismic microzonation map. The comparison is made in order to distinguish two different maps based on these MCDA techniques. Eventually, AHP-based seismic microzonation map is more preferable for the seismic design purposes in this study. 相似文献
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An understanding of what influences sinkhole formation and the ability to accurately predict sinkhole hazards is critical
to environmental management efforts in the karst lands of southeastern Minnesota. Based on the distribution of distances to
the nearest sinkhole, sinkhole density, bedrock geology and depth to bedrock in southeastern Minnesota and northwestern Iowa,
a decision tree model has been developed to construct maps of sinkhole probability in Minnesota. The decision tree model was
converted as cartographic models and implemented in ArcGIS to create a preliminary sinkhole probability map in Goodhue, Wabasha,
Olmsted, Fillmore, and Mower Counties. This model quantifies bedrock geology, depth to bedrock, sinkhole density, and neighborhood
effects in southeastern Minnesota but excludes potential controlling factors such as structural control, topographic settings,
human activities and land-use. The sinkhole probability map needs to be verified and updated as more sinkholes are mapped
and more information about sinkhole formation is obtained. 相似文献
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Evaluation of engineering-geological conditions for conurbation of Ostrava (Czech Republic) within GIS environment 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
The main aim of the presented study was to create a new type of engineering-geological maps for relative costs for foundation engineering. The newly proposed map in this paper can replace the formerly used maps of the suitability for foundation engineering which shows only the suitable and/or unsuitable sites and suggests the use of suitable areas for construction only. However, there are developed technologies that they can overcome the potential problems in unsuitable areas by relatively high costs. It means that unsuitable areas can also be used as construction areas. Therefore, the use of the newly proposed map of relative costs, which reflects the complexity of geo-factors by proportional category of larger, or smaller relative costs is satisfactory. Another part of this research was to assess various geo-factors (engineering-geological zones, workability of rocks, pre-Quaternary bedrock, flood land, radon hazard, mining subsidence and slope movements), which affect the foundation of future buildings. This study was carried out in the large industrial city of Ostrava in the Czech Republic with complicated engineering geological conditions and high anthropogenic influence factors including undermining. The use of complicated relationships is also generally difficult to be taken into account by the planners. Therefore, the use of the newly created synthetic map by planners is simple; even planners who are not geologists will be able to apply it easily. 相似文献
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工程地质图是表明各种地质及水文地质现象的一种图件,它是否能客观地反映实际情况与制图方式极为密切。本文就一些传统的地质制图法与解析几保法在倾斜结构面的地质图编制中的应用方法进行对比,认为解析几何法在倾斜结构面地图编制中的应用方法蝇一种简单而行之有效的制图方法。 相似文献
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Kenneth S. Johnson 《Environmental Geology》1991,17(1):3-7
The Oklahoma Geological Survey has developed several maps and reports for preliminary screening of the state of Oklahoma to identify areas that are generally acceptable or unacceptable for disposal of a wide variety of waste materials. These maps and reports focus on the geologic and hydrogeologic parameters that must be evaluated in the screening process. One map (and report) shows the outcrop distribution of 35 thick shale or clay units that are generally suitable for use as host rocks for surface disposal of wastes. A second map shows the distribution of unconsolidated alluvial and terrace-deposit aquifers, and a third map shows the distribution and hydrologic character of bedrock aquifers and their recharge areas. These latter two maps show the areas in the state where special attention must be exercised in permitting storage or disposal of waste materials that could degrade the quality of groundwater. State regulatory agencies and industry are using these maps and reports in preliminary screening of the state to identify potential disposal sites. These maps in no way replace the need for site-specific investigations to prove (or disprove) the adequacy of a site to safely contain waste materials. 相似文献
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As landslides are very common in Greece, causing serious problems to the social and economic welfare of many communities,
the implementation of a proper hazard analysis system will help the creation of a reliable susceptibility map. Τhis will help
local communities to define a safe land use and urban development. The purpose of this study is to compare the implementation
of two semi-quantitative landslide assessment approaches, using landslide susceptibility maps compiled in a GIS environment.
The compared methods are rock engineering system (RES) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). For the landslide susceptibility
analysis, the Northeastern part of the Achaia County was examined. This area suffers from many landslides, because of its
neighborhood with the tectonically active Corinthian Gulf and its geological setting (Neogene sediments, flysch and other
bedrock formations, with local overthrusts). Ten parameters were used in both methodologies, and each one was separated into
five categories ranging from 0 to 4, representing their specific conditions derived from the investigation of the landslides
in the western part of the study area (ranking area). A layer map was generated for each parameter, using GIS, while the weighting
coefficients of each methodology were used for the compilation of RES and AHP final maps of the eastern part of the study
area (validating area). By examining these two maps, it is revealed that even though both correctly show the landslide status
of the second site, the RES map reveals a better behavior in the spatial distribution of the various landslide susceptibility
zones. 相似文献
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城市地质图的特点编图原则方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了城市地质图的主要特点、编图原则和方法, 其主要内容概括如下: (1)编制城市地质图的重要意义首先在于为不断完善和适应城市建设和发展的需要, 更好地使地质工作为城市建设总体规划和政府决策服务, 同时为具体工程设计和施工提供基础资料。其次为合理地开发利用城市土地资源、保护城市地质环境提供科学依据。(2)城市地质图是一个具有以专业地质规划目标与工程地质要求、城市发展总体效益评估为内容的系列图件, 是一个分别具有适应于地质专业人员、城市规划设计工程师和政府决策管理官员需要的多功能特点的系统性图件。(3)城市地质图编制原则, 第一在于客观性; 第二为评价性; 第三为预测性; 第四为实用性。前三项是前提和基础, 后者为目的。力求做到内容准确、明晰可读、易懂, 紧紧围绕城市规划设计和政府决策对地质技术的要求进行。(4)城市地质图包容了基础地质图类、分析评价图类、效益决策评估类三个等级的功能各异的图件, 在制图方法和程式上体现了图件的等级内容性质用途的统一、技术性与管理决策的统一。 相似文献
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谈工程地质的学科价值与学科发展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
工程地质是一门认知工程－地质相互作用规律和过程的科学,它的使命是保障人类工程活动的安全。工程地质学科的基本理论形态包括成因演化论、结构控制论和相互作用论,这些理论有着相通的思想方法,就是成因决定结构,结构控制行为,工程地质过程是工程建设与地质环境相互作用的过程。随着我国近期工程建设的规模增大,埋藏加深,地质条件更复杂,由此带来的工程地质问题表现出显著的新特点,即研究对象大、深、动、热凸现,工程地质过程水、岩、温、化耦合,已有理论遭遇挑战,工程地质过程研究需要扩充。工程地质学科近期需要加强地质体工程性质研究、工程地质动力过程研究,以及地质环境研究。地质、地球物理、力学、工程科学的结合是工程地质学科发展的有效途径,理论、技术方法与实践并重的模式是工程地质学科发展的基本模式。 相似文献
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为了描述盆地三维构造的演化过程,通常需要编制不同地质时期的古构造等构造线图。编制古构造等高线图是一个复杂的研究过程,可能遇到许多概念性和技术性问题,但是所有问题都必须在地质平衡概念约束下寻求解决途径。本文讨论了按照地质平衡概念编制古构造等高线图的基本原则和可能的技术方案,包括研究构造变形模式、复原剥失厚度及其分布、复原断层位移、去压实校正等。运用地质平衡概念将较浅地层界面的构造等高线图复原到代表特定地质时期地形面的原始状态,相应地将较深地层界面的构造等高线图复原得的古构造等高线图。运用地质平衡概念编制的古构造等高线图比传统的只用地层残余厚度编制的古构造等高线图能更合理地反映地质时期的盆地古构造三维几何特征。 相似文献
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GIS-based weights-of-evidence modelling of rainfall-induced landslides in small catchments for landslide susceptibility mapping 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Ranjan Kumar Dahal Shuichi Hasegawa Atsuko Nonomura Minoru Yamanaka Takuro Masuda Katsuhiro Nishino 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(2):311-324
Landslide susceptibility mapping is a vital tool for disaster management and planning development activities in mountainous terrains of tropical and subtropical environments. In this paper, the weights-of-evidence modelling was applied, within a geographical information system (GIS), to derive landslide susceptibility map of two small catchments of Shikoku, Japan. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the importance of weights-of-evidence modelling in the generation of landslide susceptibility maps in relatively small catchments having an area less than 4 sq km. For the study area in Moriyuki and Monnyu catchments, northeast Shikoku Island in west Japan, a data set was generated at scale 1:5,000. Relevant thematic maps representing various factors (e.g. slope, aspect, relief, flow accumulation, soil depth, soil type, land use and distance to road) that are related to landslide activity were generated using field data and GIS techniques. Both catchments have homogeneous geology and only consist of Cretaceous granitic rock. Thus, bedrock geology was not considered in data layering during GIS analysis. Success rates were also estimated to evaluate the accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps and the weights-of-evidence modelling was found useful in landslide susceptibility mapping of small catchments. 相似文献