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1.
Researches carried out on the main glacier of the Dovrefjell massif, Scandes Mountains, Norway (62° N; 9° E) point to recent periglacial features which are presently directly developed on the ice. This original location raises the problem of their morphodynamic significance and a hypothesis of ephemeral periglacial activity in a paraglacial context is proposed here. 相似文献
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基于遥感与SRTM的青藏高原冰缘地貌信息提取方法——以1 ∶ 100万标准分幅拉萨幅(H46)为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据模型和分布函数,本文首先依据多年平均气温、地温和SRTM等数据对研究区域冰缘地貌的分布范围进行分别提取,并利用遥感数据和人工解译方式对其进行了修正。在此基础上,采用一定指标,利用SRTM数据对冰缘地貌次级类型(如起伏度、海拔高度和坡度等)进行了提取,从而完成研究区域冰缘地貌信息的提取。研究结果表明:①研究区域冰缘地貌总面积约5.15×104km2,主要分布在研究区域的西北部和西南部,另外在东北部也有少量分布;通过提取,研究区域中最重要的冰缘地貌类型是冰缘作用的中起伏缓极高山,面积约0.82×104km2,分布范围较广。②冰缘地貌的分布与海拔高度、气温和地温等有密切的关系,基于此提取的结果可为冰缘地貌的解译提供一定的参考;由于青藏高原气象站点较少,数据精度较低,自动提取精度受到很大限制,因此进行人工解译修正是非常重要和必不可少的。 相似文献
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《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):245-252
The Posets massif is located in the Central Pyrenees and reaches a height of 3363 m a.s.l. at the Posets peak, the second highest massif in the Pyrenees. Geomorphological maps of scales 1:25000 and 1:10000, BTS (bottom temperature of winter snow), ground measurements and snow poles were used to observe the more representative periglacial active landform association, ground thermal regime, the winter snow cover evolution and basal temperatures of snow. The main active periglacial landforms and processes related to the ground thermal regime and snow cover were studied. Mountain permafrost up to 2700 m a.s.l. on northexposed slopes and up to 2900 m a.s.l. on south-exposed slopes were detected. Three permafrost belts were differentiated: sporadic permafrost between 2700 and 2800 m a.s.l. and between 2850 and 3000 m a.s.l., discontinuous permafrost between 2800 and 2950 and between 2950 and 3050, and continuous permafrost up to 2900 m a.s.l. and up to 3050 m a.s.l. on northern and southern slopes, respectively. 相似文献
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PHILIP. D. HUGHES 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2008,90(4):259-267
The Debeli Namet glacier in the Durmitor massif, Montenegro, is one of the lowest altitude glaciers (2050–2300 m) at this latitude (42–44°N) in the northern hemisphere. The glacier survives well below the climatological equilibrium line altitude because of substantial inputs from avalanching and windblown snow. The glacier survived two of the hottest summers on record in 2003 and 2007, although it experienced significant retreat. However, during the intervening years (2004–2006) the glacier increased in size and advanced, forming a new frontal moraine. This rapid advance was primarily in response to much cooler summer temperatures, close to or cooler than average, and a marked increase in winter precipitation. The rapid growth and decay of the Debeli Namet glacier in response to inter‐annual climate variability highlights the sensitivity of small cirque glaciers to short‐term climate change. 相似文献
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《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):61-73
Hazard interactions in glacial and periglacial environments are of crucial importance due to their potential for causing major catastrophes. Nevertheless, glacial and periglacial hazards have usually been modeled separately to date. In this study, we therefore propose a methodological strategy for modeling and assessing glacial and periglacial hazard interactions on a regional scale, including ice avalanches, lake outbursts and periglacial debris flows. Due to climate‐related rapid changes in glacial and periglacial areas, methods which incorporate monitoring capacities are needed. Hence, the methods presented here are based on remote sensing data, which are particularly powerful for monitoring tasks, and GIS modeling. For ice avalanche and lake‐outburst hazard detection and modeling, we applied recently published methods based on Landsat‐TM imagery, terrain modeling and flow routing. For detection of potential debris‐flow initiation zones in steep debris reservoirs, we present a novel method based on image processing of IKONOS data and terrain modeling, followed by flow modeling. Using this method, we achieve the synthesis of the individual process modeling in order to assess the potential interactions. The modeling is applied to a study region in the central Swiss Alps. The results show that systematic modeling based on remote sensing and GIS is suitable for first‐order assessment of glacial and periglacial hazard interactions as well as assessments of possible consequences, including impacts on traffic routes and other infrastructure. Based on this, critical cases can be detected and analyzed by subsequent detailed studies. 相似文献
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《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(3)
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Anna E. Klene Frederick E. Nelson John Nevins Don Rogers Nikolay I. Shiklomanov 《Geomorphology》2002,47(2-4)
Permafrost and periglacial geomorphology are absent from the science curriculum in most secondary schools in the United States. This is an unfortunate situation given the recent increases in development and environmental concerns in northern latitudes and high-mountain areas, and the interesting examples of basic scientific principles found in the history of research on periglacial geomorphology and permafrost. In 1997 and 1998, a University of Delaware research group studying permafrost and periglacial geomorphology in northern Alaska participated in the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Teachers Experiencing the Antarctic and Arctic (TEA) Program. In each of these years, a high school teacher and a student traveled as part of the research team to the North Slope of Alaska. They learned about the landscape, collected active-layer thickness and temperature measurements, and assisted in data analysis. Results from studies of active-layer thickness variability and ground temperature contributed to a series of long-term observations and international research on the impacts of global climate change. Since their expeditions, the teachers have shared their experiences with their classrooms and communities in several ways, including public lectures and the Internet. Classroom activities are available to the public through the TEA web site (http://tea.rice.edu). This experience may heighten public awareness of permafrost and contribute to it becoming a useful part of the secondary curriculum. 相似文献
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Only a few very young landforms are the result of currently operating geomorphic processes. Because the time scale for landscape evolution is much longer than the time scale for late Cenozoic climate changes, almost all landscapes are palimpsests, written over repeatedly by various combinations of climate-determined processes. Relict glacial and periglacial landforms are widely identified in mid-latitude regions that have been traditionally described as having been shaped by the “normal” processes of fluvial erosion. Less confidently, deeply weathered regolith and associated relict landforms in the middle and high latitudes are attributed to early Tertiary warmth. However, assemblages of geomorphic processes specific to certain climatic regions, like faunal and floral assemblages, cannot be translated across latitude, so in spite of the many books about the geomorphology of specific modern climate regions, there are few sources that discuss former warm high-latitude, or cold low-latitude, low-altitude geomorphic processes that have no modern analogs. Students and teachers alike who attempt to interpret landforms by extrapolating modern climatic conditions to other latitudinal zones will find their outlook broadened, and they become better prepared to consider the geomorphic impacts of global climate change. 相似文献
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北大西洋地区的末次冰期气候波动在全球具有广泛记录。伊犁地区作为西风区向季风区过渡的边缘带,对气候变化响应敏感,千年尺度气候波动如何影响该区域有待进一步解答。黄土作为恢复古气候的重要地质记录,有利于上述问题的研究。通过对伊犁则克台剖面黄土沉积进行粒度端元分析,结果表明：则克台黄土粒度可分为四个端元,分别为EM1（0.8 μm）、EM2（8 μm）、EM3（25.1 μm）和EM4（51.6 μm）。EM1代表成壤组分;EM2代表高空西风组分;EM3和EM4代表尘暴组分,但EM4组分更能够反映末次冰期西伯利亚高压在伊犁地区的扩张。EM2和EM4都能记录千年尺度气候的波动,但响应程度却不同：51.3~20 ka,EM4含量变化曲线记录的千年尺度气候事件更为明显;然而20 ka之后,千年尺度事件在EM2含量变化曲线中更为突出。这表明西风和西伯利亚高压都是千年尺度气候信号的重要扩散机制,且造成上述差异的原因很可能是太阳辐射驱动下的北半球冰量变化。 相似文献
11.
Extensive parts of Arctic permafrost-dominated lowlands were affected by large-scale permafrost degradation, mainly through Holocene thermokarst activity. The effect of thermokarst is nowadays observed in most periglacial lowlands of the Arctic. Since permafrost degradation is a consequence as well as a significant factor of global climate change, it is necessary to develop efficient methods for the quantification of its past and current magnitude. We developed a procedure for the quantification of periglacial lowland terrain types with a focus on degradation features and applied it to the Cape Mamontov Klyk area in the western Laptev Sea region. Our terrain classification approach was based on a combination of geospatial datasets, including a supervised maximum likelihood classification applied to Landsat-7 ETM+ data and digital elevation data. Thirteen final terrain surface classes were extracted and subsequently characterized in terms of relevance to thermokarst and degradation of ice-rich deposits. 78% of the investigated area was estimated to be affected by permafrost degradation. The overall classification accuracy was 79%. Thermokarst did not develop evenly on the coastal plain, as indicated by the increasingly dense coverage of thermokarst-related areas from south to north. This regionally focused procedure can be extended to other areas to provide the highly detailed periglacial terrain mapping capabilities currently lacking in global-scale permafrost datasets. 相似文献
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秦岭中部山地落叶阔叶林超级垂直带的发现与意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
山地垂直带谱是气候和植被水平地带变化和更替的缩影,垂直带的带幅、带间过渡方式、带内结构和垂直带组合方式都表现出高度的异质性和复杂性。本文发现在中国南北过渡带中部太白山发育了世界上最宽的山地垂直带——山地落叶阔叶林垂直带。该垂直带从基带到典型垂直带再到先锋性垂直带皆为山地落叶阔叶林,3种本来可以独立存在的垂直带,连续分布形成了包含3个栎林亚带、2个桦林亚带的“三层五亚带”超级垂直带,远远超过正常情况下山地垂直带1000 m的阈值,且其上限达到了海拔2800 m。它的形成与秦岭所处的过渡性地理位置、秦岭中部垂直带谱的完整性、丰富的落叶木本植物种群及其形成的强大群落竞争优势等因素紧密相关。超级垂直带的发现有多方面的意义：它是中国南北过渡带又一重要的标志性自然地理特征;它表明山地垂直带在特殊的山地环境中可以具有非常复杂的内部结构和宽大带幅,这扩展了我们对山地垂直带谱结构及机理认识的广度,对于创建山地垂直带谱结构理论具有十分重要的意义;超级垂直带的发现,也说明中国南北过渡带还有很多科学内容有待我们去探索和发现,希望本文能起到抛砖引玉的作用,引起学界对超级垂直带形成的气候和生物多样性因素、地理过渡带的结构和生态效应等重大问题进行深入研究。 相似文献
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本区位于东昆仑山腹地,青藏高原多年冻土区的北缘。区内海拔高,地形相对高差较大,气候寒冷而较干旱。故冰缘作用强烈,冰缘现象种类繁多。本区冰缘作用及其形态类型的分布具明显的垂直地带性。自高至低有4个冰缘作用带,各带内冰缘现象不同。区内冰缘现象的动态变化相当复杂,这与环境条件有关,主要决定于自身的生成条件。 相似文献
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从赤道到两极,有规律地排列组合的气候地带的总体叫做水平气候带谱。水平气候带谱分为西岸型、内陆型和东岸型三种,这是纬度地带性规律的反映。非纬度地带性因素对水平气候带谱的影响表现在气候地带的长度和宽度发生了变化。各大洲气候他带分布格局是三种气候带谱的组合。 相似文献
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Based on the mean yearly precipitation and the total yearly evaporation data of 295 meteorological stations in China in 1951-1999, the aridity index is calculated in this paper. According to the aridity index, the climatic regions in China are classified into three types, namely, arid region, semi-arid region and humid region. Dry and wet climate boundaries in China fluctuate markedly and differentiate greatly in each region in the past 50 years. The fluctuation amplitudes are 20-400 km in Northeast China, 40-400 km in North China, 30-350 km in the eastern part of Northwest China and 40-370 km in Southwest China. Before the 1980s (including 1980), the climate tended to be dry in Northeast China and North China, to be wet in the eastern part of Northwest China and very wet in Southwest China. Since the 1990s there have been dry signs in Southwest China, the eastern part of Northwest China and North China. The climate becomes wetter in Northeast China. Semi-arid region is the transitional zone between humid and arid regions, the monsoon edge belt in China, and the susceptible region of environmental evolution. At the end of the 1960s dry and wet climate in China witnessed abrupt changes, changing wetness into dryness. Dry and wet climate boundaries show the fluctuation characteristics of the whole shifts and the opposite fluctuations of eastward, westward, southward and northward directions. The fluctuations of climatic boundaries and the dry and wet variations of climate have distinctive interdecadal features. 相似文献
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Interdecadal fluctuation of dry and wet climate boundaries in China in the past 50 years 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on the mean yearly precipitation and the total yearly evaporation data of 295 meteorological stations in China in 1951–1999,
the aridity index is calculated in this paper. According to the aridity index, the climatic regions in China are classified
into three types, namely, arid region, semi-arid region and humid region. Dry and wet climate boundaries in China fluctuate
markedly and differentiate greatly in each region in the past 50 years. The fluctuation amplitudes are 20–400 km in Northeast
China, 40–400 km in North China, 30–350 km in the eastern part of Northwest China and 40–370 km in Southwest China. Before
the 1980s (including 1980), the climate tended to be dry in Northeast China and North China, to be wet in the eastern part
of Northwest China and very wet in Southwest China. Since the 1990s there have been dry signs in Southwest China, the eastern
part of Northwest China and North China. The climate becomes wetter in Northeast China. Semi-arid region is the transitional
zone between humid and arid regions, the monsoon edge belt in China, and the susceptible region of environmental evolution.
At the end of the 1960s dry and wet climate in China witnessed abrupt changes, changing wetness into dryness. Dry and wet
climate boundaries show the fluctuation characteristics of the whole shifts and the opposite fluctuations of eastward, westward,
southward and northward directions. The fluctuations of climatic boundaries and the dry and wet variations of climate have
distinctive interdecadal features. 相似文献
18.
作物气候风险研究:以河南省棉花为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 Introduction In the past 100 years the global temperature rose sharply due to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The mean ground temperature rose by 0.5–0.6°C in the 20th century and 0.3–0.4°C in the last 20 years of the c… 相似文献
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近年来,文石石笋成为古气候研究的新材料,但文石的方解石化对文石石笋氧同位素的影响问题仍未很好地解决。选取湖南湘西莲花洞方解石化文石石笋LH5为研究对象,基于18个TIMS-U系年龄和311个δ18O,探讨了方解石化对文石石笋古气候记录的影响。结果表明：1）文石的方解石化会引起文石矿物中所赋存的铀元素流失,造成铀系年龄的倒转,但LH5石笋中下部铀系衰变体系的开放程度较低（＜10%）,在剔除异常年龄后,仍可构建时间标尺。2）通过末次冰消期气候事件的对比发现：文石的方解石化会导致δ18O的异常波动,末次冰消期其他中国南方石笋记录的气候事件,如B?lling-Aller?d和新仙女木事件等在LH5石笋中都难以确认。而在LH5石笋的中上部文石层段,δ18O波动却能够很好地记录气候的变化。3）洞穴滴水的淋滤被认为是文石方解石化的主要原因之一。但对于LH5石笋而言,洞穴滴水的溅蚀作用可能在文石向方解石转变过程中起到了重要作用。由于在石笋的不同部位受到溅蚀淋滤的强度不同,以及石笋结构的非均一性等原因,导致文石的方解石化不均匀,这也最终造成LH5石笋文石-方解石层段δ18O的非线性变化,失去记录气候变化的能力。 相似文献
20.
东南极大陆沿岸的维斯特福尔德丘陵(68°22'～68°40'S,77°55'～78°30'E)和西南极乔治王岛南端的菲尔德斯半岛(62°08'～62°20'S,58°45'～58°58'W)的气候条件不同。前者属于极地大陆性气候,气温低,冬季严寒,干燥、风大,夏季较短;后者属于极地海洋性气候,气温不很低,湿润、风小,夏季较长。因此,两地的冰缘地貌的组合类型及其发育过程存在明显的差异。前者冰缘地貌单一,发展速度较慢;后者冰缘地貌复杂多样,发展速度较快。 本文根据实地观测资料,对极地大陆型和极地海洋型两类冰缘地貌作一些比较,并且提出,年冻融日数是决定冰缘作用强弱的最重要指标。 相似文献