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1.
Evidence from fusain deposits in Lower Carboniferous rocks of western Ireland indicates that a catastrophic wildfire destroyed thousands of square kilometres of Carboniferous ‘forest’. In addition to yielding large quantities of charcoal, this wildfire event resulted in increased surface water runoff which affected sedimentation in an adjacent estuarine environment where the fusain is now preserved. This is the oldest documented evidence for a catastrophic palaeowildfire and a clear example of the sedimentological effects of large-scale fires. The Lower Carboniferous (Visean) rocks in the Largymore Syncline of western Donegal, Ireland, are shallow marine sandstones, mudstones and limestones. The Upper Shalwy Beds are mudstones and cross-bedded sandstones which show bi-polar cross-stratification and mud drapes on cross-bed foresets indicating deposition in a tidal environment, probably a large estuary. In three coastal exposures a bed containing up to 20% fusain is found at the same stratigraphic horizon. The fusain is interpreted as fossil charcoal produced by palaeowildfire in a land area to the north-west. The volume of fusain present in the unit can be estimated and by comparison with charcoal production in modern wildfires it has been calculated that around 95 000 km2 (more than the present land area of Ireland) was burnt. Along with the fusain, other effects of the wildfire can be seen in the deposits, which are poorly sorted compared to the rest of the Upper Shalwy Beds and are characterized by inclined heterolithic stratification produced by the draping of underlying bedforms. These features are considered to be due to a considerably increased sediment load in the estuary, resulting from enhanced surface runoff and soil erosion due to the wildfire.  相似文献   

2.
The evolution of the Black and Caspian seas is considered based on the analysis of new stratigraphic and paleogeographic data. Three transgression stages (Karangatian, Surozh, Black-Sea) and two regression stages (Post-Karangatian and New-Euxinian) were characterized for the Black Sea, as well as four transgression stages (late Khazarian, early Khvalynian, late Khvalynian, and New-Caspian) and three regression stages (Atelian, Enotaevkan, Mangyshlakian), for the Caspian Sea. The analysis of data on the absolute age of deposits allowed correlation of paleogeographic events for the basins, between them and with the stages of the Last (Valdai) Glaciation: the Karangatian and late Khazarian transgressions were correlated with the Mikulinian Interglacial; the post-Karangatian and Atelian regressions, with the Kalininan glaciation; the early Khvalynian and Surozh transgressions, with the middle Valdai Interstadial; the New-Euxinian and Enotaevkan regressions, with the Ostashkovian glaciation; the Black Sea, late Khvalynian, and New-Caspian transgression, with the late glaciation — post-glaciation periods; the Mangyshlakian regression, with the Older Dryas (?). The last connections between the Caspian and Black seas are dated to the middle Valdai time when waters of the early Khvalynian basin drained down to the Surozh basin.  相似文献   

3.
Nikolai Andreevich Bogoslovskii (1862–1914) was a well-known soil scientist and geologist, who studied the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of Central Russia. He was the first scientist to distinguish the Ryazanian horizon and correlate it with the Berriasian deposits of Western Europe. He proposed the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic scheme which was accepted by most Russian geologists.  相似文献   

4.
Astronomically-tuned cyclicity in Upper Maeotian deposits of the Zheleznyi Rog section (Taman, Eastern Paratethys) was revealed first time using the methods of cyclostratigraphy. According to the spectral analysis of the data on the magnetic susceptibility of rocks and basing on the peaks of Lomb-Scargle and REDFIT periodograms, cyclicity with a length of 7.1–8.9 m was established in studied deposits. These cycles are comparable with the period of oscillations of the Earth’s axis angle to the plane of its orbit, which corresponds to 41000 years. The data we obtained confirm the idea of the correlation of Upper Maeotian deposits to the greater part of the Chron C3An and duration of the late Maeotian no longer than 700000–750000 years.  相似文献   

5.
This work presents results of complex research (palynological, macro- and microfaunistic, and paleomagnetic) of Upper Cretaceous deposits, opened by borehole no. 8 in the Russkaya Polyana District (the southern margin of the Omsk Depression, Southwestern Siberia). The paleontological data obtained allowed us to establish the age of deposits. Based on dinocysts, nannoplankton and spore-pollen complexes, the section of borehole no. 8 has been divided into Pokur, Kuznetsovo, Ipatovo, Slavgorod, and Gan’kino Formations. This work gives data on the composition of zonal palynomorphs, nannoplankton, and microfaunistic complexes. Based on the complex data obtained, the magnetostratigraphic section of Upper Cretaceous deposits has been developed. The section consists of three magnetozones: normal and two reversed polarity magnetozones. The Pokur, Kuznetsovo and Ipatovo Formation (Cenomanian-Santonian) belong to the long normal polarity magnetozone; the Slavgorod and Gan’kino Formations (Campanian-Maastrichtian), separated by a stratigraphic break, belong to reversed polarity magnetozones. The magnetostratigraphic section has been correlated with the general magnetostratigraphic and magnetochronological time scales.  相似文献   

6.
New lead isotopic compositions have been measured for Paleozoic bedded and vein ore deposits of Europe by the high precision thermal emission (triple filament) technique. Eleven samples have been analyzed from the Upper Permian Kupferschiefer bed with representatives from Poland to England, three samples from the Middle Devonian Rammelsberg deposit and one from the Middle Devonian Meggen deposit, both of which are conformable ore lenses and are in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG); and also two vein deposits from the FRG were analyzed, from Ramsbeck in Devonian host rocks and from Grund in Carboniferous host rocks. For Kupferschiefer bed samples from Germany, the mineralization is of variable lead isotopic composition and appears to have been derived about 250 m.y. ago from 1700 m.y. old sources, or detritus of this age, in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Samples from England, Holland, and Poland have different isotopic characteristics from the German samples, indicative of significantly different source material (perhaps older). The isotopic variability of the samples from the Kupferschiefer bed in Germany probably favors the lead containing waters coming from shoreward (where poor mixing is to be expected) rather than basinward (where better mixing is likely) directions. The data thus support the interpretation of the metal source already given by Wedepohl in 1964. Data on samples from Rammelsberg and Meggen tend to be slightly less radiogenic than for the Kupferschiefer, about the amount expected if the leads were all derived from the same source material but 100 to 150 m.y. apart in time. The vein galena from Ramsbeck is similar to that from Rammelsberg conformable ore lenses, both in rocks of Devonian age; vein galena from Grund in Upper Carboniferous country rocks is similar to some bedded Kupferschiefer mineralization in Permian rocks, as if the lead composition was formed at about the same time and from similar source material as the bedded deposits. Although heat has played a more significant role in the formation of some of these deposits (veins and Rammelsberg-Meggen) than in others (Kupferschiefer), there is no indication of radically different sources for the lead, all apparently coming from sedimentary source material containing Precambrian detritus. One feldspar lead sample from the Brocken-Oker Granite is not the same in isotopic composition as any of the ores analyzed.Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey  相似文献   

7.
中国海相含铀沉积建造分布非常广泛,产有重要的碳硅泥岩型铀矿床（点）。文章较为详细阐述了上震旦统、下寒武统、中—下志留统、中—上泥盆统、下石炭统和上二叠统海相含铀沉积建造类型及分布;利用全国1∶2 500000地质图数据库,编制了各时期海相含铀建造分布图,分析了海相含铀沉积建造与铀成矿的关系。  相似文献   

8.
Data on Middle and Upper Devonian deposits studied in southeastern flank of the Siberian platform are considered. A scheme of stratigraphic zoning in the study region is presented. Nineteen sedimentological and biotic events, which are recorded in the studied sections, are of the regional, interregional and global ranks. Their connection with eustatic sea-level fluctuations is established. Sections of the formation and regional horizon stratotypes and parastratotypes are described. The revision of species Mucrospirifer novosibiricus (Toll) is carried out.  相似文献   

9.
《Sedimentary Geology》2006,183(3-4):243-259
The Upper Cretaceous/Lower Tertiary Maghra El-Bahari Formation at Gabal Ataqa and Gabal Shabrawet in the northeastern portion of the Eastern Desert of Egypt is subdivided into two informal lithostratigraphic parts: lower and upper. The lower part has common features of alluvial floodplain-dominated deposits with occasional occurrences of crevasse splay deposits. The upper part has sediments typical of marginal lacustrine environments.Both the floodplain and marginal lacustrine deposits exhibit pedogenic features comprising various types of paleosols. Among other soil-forming processes, diversity in the paleosols studied is mainly attributed to paleoclimatic and paleohydrologic changes. The paleosol criteria suggest two climatic regimes, a subhumid–semiarid one succeeded by a semiarid-arid one.The continental depositional environments recognized (floodplain and lacustrine) with their associated paleosols helped in the recognition of a marine regression in the area studied. In a regional perspective, comparison of the data presented in this study with paleosol data spanning the same time period in other localities suggests that the proposed paleoclimatic changes may have been of regional extent.  相似文献   

10.
Understanding the flow pattern of water and solute in subsurface soils is critically important in the fields of agricultural and environmental sciences. Dye tracer tests using a flood irrigation of Brilliant Blue FCF solution (5 g l-1) and excavation method was performed to investigate the effect of texture and structure on the infiltration pattern at three different field soils developed from granite (GR), gneiss (GN) and limestone (LS). The GR soil showed a homogeneous matrix flow in the surface soil with weak, medium granular structure and a macropore flow along pegmatitic vein and plant root in C horizon. The surface horizon (A1) of GN soil with moderate, medium granular structure and many fine roots had matrix flow. The fingering occurred at the interfaces of sandy loam A horizon and loamy sand C horizon in GR soil and loam A1 horizon and sandy loam A2 horizon in GN soil. The LS soil with strong, coarse prismatic structure and the finest texture showed a macropore flow along cracks and had the deepest penetration of the dye tracer. The macropore (crack and vein), layer interface and plant root induced the preferential flow in the studied soils.  相似文献   

11.
The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Q3 middle terrace alluvial sequence in the lower Tagus river valley, Portugal, were studied near the village of Alpiarça, approximately 40 km upstream from the estuarine area. Two main stratigraphic units were recognized, separated by an important uncomformity. The Lower Gravels unit (LG) consists of intercalations of medium to coarse gravel deposits, mainly quartzitic, with coarse sandy matrix, organized in tabular bodies. The overlying Upper Sands unit (US) consists of tabular sandy channel deposits and overbank fines, the latter containing well-developed paleosols and backswamp deposits, showing a general aggrading trend, apparently with varying rates; available data indicate that deposition of the US took place under temperate climatic conditions. Within US deposits are several paleolithic archaeological sites, the lower ones in the alluvial stratigraphy being Middle Acheulian, whereas those embedded in overlying deposits are, from bottom to top, Upper Acheulian and Micoquian. Some of these sites have been recently excavated. The quartzite artifacts were apparently abandoned by early humans on the flood plain surface during deposition of the US unit and were subjected to limited reworking during their incorporation in the alluvium. TL/OSL dating of sandy-silty sediments, though imprecise, support archaeological evidence pointing to an age of 150,000 to 70,000 yr B.P. for the US unit.  相似文献   

12.
Detailed observation of the Upper Pleistocene deposits of Rafraf (Bizerte, Northeastern Tunisia) provides new data about the significant variations in facies, thickness, and faunal assemblages. This work reports, for the first time, the occurrence of a Persististrombus latus level in the Rafraf sea coast. Facies analyses added to the recorded sedimentary features were carried in order to recognize stratigraphy, paleontology, and sea level highstands. They revealed complex succession of various Upper Pleistocene environments ranging from coastal dunes to inner platforms with scatter builds by Vermetus triquetrus and P. latus. The marine Upper Pleistocene deposits rich in the Senegalese fauna P. latus draw scale steps outcropping at diverse altitudes varying between 1 and 14 m. Serial sections along the border of the Rafraf beach show the action of many faults trending EW and NW-SE. Even though these faults got low values of vertical throw, their cumulative throw values led to these different altitudes of strata containing P. latus. These altitude variations are mainly the result of the inherited geomorphology, the environmental distribution, the sea level fluctuations and the tectonic activities.  相似文献   

13.
Jurassic strata are widespread through Arctic Siberia and host oil and gas fields. However, in most cases, the geology of such vast areas still remains unexplored, and study of the Jurassic stratigraphy and reconstructions of geologic history are possible only through analysis of sediment cores. In this connection, there is a clear need for detailed studies of microfaunas (foraminifera, ostracods) and palynomorphs (dinocysts, spores, and pollen). The studied reference section of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous is located on the left side of Anabar Bay of the Laptev Sea (Nordvik Peninsula, Cape Urdyuk-Khaya). An uninterrupted and continuous section from the Upper Oxfordian to the Lower Valanginian is exposed in coastal cliffs and consists mainly of silty clay deposits with abundant macro- and microfossils. Integrated field studies (biostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, sedimentology) allow a more detailed characterization of the regional geologic framework. A detailed subdivision of the section is based on the systematic composition of ammonites from Upper Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian deposits. Several foraminiferal zones of the Upper Oxfordian and Lower Volgian are defined, and some of them are denfined for the first time. The distribution of ostracods in the section is analyzed for the first time. The section is also studied using palynological analysis, that results in its detailed subdivision on palynological data and recognition of two sequences of palynostratigraphic units. The integrated stratigraphy is used to establish the precise position of stage and substage boundaries. The continuity of the section is defined based on micropaleontological and palynological data.  相似文献   

14.
A new tephra has been identified within a long core (EC 3) sequence recovered from Les Echets, near Lyon, France. This visible tephra was discovered as part of a high resolution multiproxy re-investigation of the Les Echets sequence. Independent chronological information suggests that the tephra is c . 2 000–45 000 years old, and geochemical analysis indicates that it is of basanitic composition. The latter suggests a possible origin in the Eifel; however, as yet, no other volcanic events or deposits can be correlated to the Les Echets tephra. New sedimentological and chronological data are presented indicating that the tephra falls within an interval that most likely correlates with Dansgaard–Oeschger events 12-9. Thus, this tephra could potentially be an important middle MIS 3 marker horizon in central Europe if it can be traced in other palaeorecords.  相似文献   

15.
Two alluvial terraces and the present flood plain were studied at two locations along the Susquehanna and Unadilla Rivers in south-central New York state. They have formed since deglaciation and incision of the stream channels into the valley train deposits. The higher terrace has noncumulative soil profiles with well-developed color B horizons predominantly of silt loam and very fine sandy loam. The terrace is weathered to a degree similar to nearby glacial outwash terraces that have caps of similarly textured sediments. Incision that produced the terrace occurred before 9705 ± 130 yr B.P. The lower terrace is characterized by relatively thick, vertical-accretion deposits of silt loam that contain sequences of thin, buried A, color B, and C horizons. They were formed between about 3240 ± 110 (14C data of soil humin) and 235 ± 80 yr B.P. Deposits above the 235 ± 80 yr B.P. stratum are unweathered. The soil stratigraphy and 14C dates of soil humin from buried A horizons are surprisingly well correlated between sites. Most sediments of the present flood plain have been deposited since 1120 ± 80 yr B.P. Incipient A horizons and oxidation of inherited organic matter in the subsoil are the only evidence of pedogenesis in the flood-plain deposits that are older than 275 ± 80 yr B.P. The most recent flood-plain fill deposited since then is unaltered. These youngest sediments of the flood plain along with the youngest veneer of vertical-accretion deposits on the lowest terrace are associated with an increased rate of deposition largely attributable to clearing of the forests by settlers, beginning in the late 1700s. Comparison of the alluvial stratigraphy with the radiocarbon-dated pollen stratigraphy of southwestern New York (Miller 1973) reveals some apparent time correlations between alluvial events and vegetation changes. This gives reason to speculate that climatic change or forest catastrophes such as disease or drought are causes of some of the alluvial events.  相似文献   

16.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(3):897-930
  相似文献   

17.
The results of complex palynological and microfaunistic studies of Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits of the Bakchar iron ore deposit are presented. Geochronologically, the age of the deposits varies from Campanian to Quaternary. It was established that the Slavgorod, Gan’kino, and Jurki (?) formations contain four biostratons in the rank of beds with dinocysts and three biostratons in the rank of beds with spores and pollen. The Cenozoic continental deposits contain four biostratons in the rank of beds, containing spores and pollen. As a result of the study, a large stratigraphic gap in the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary deposits, covering a significant part of the Maastrichtian, Paleocene, Ypresian, and Lutetian stages of the Eocene, was established. The remnants of a new morphotype of heteromorphic ammonites of genus Baculites were first described in deposits of the Slavgorod Formation (preliminarily, upper Campanian). The distribution features of the different palynomorph groups in the Upper Cretaceous–Cenozoic deposits in the area of study due to transgressive-regressive cycles and climate fluctuations were revealed.  相似文献   

18.
As a result of examining a large amount of information on stratotype sections of Neogene-Quaternary deposits of the south of Western Siberia, we have compiled a sequence through these deposits in which boundaries between geomagnetic subdivisions are linked with Pliocene-Quaternary biozones.

The Brunhes zone Includes deposits with mammal remains of the Upper Paleolithic, Khazara, and Tiraspol' assemblages. The Gauss-Matuyama inversion has been identified in the upper Pliocene deposits with a Khapry mammal assemblage. The lower boundary of the Gauss zone apparently passes below strata with a Moldavian faunal complex. The data on the biologic linking of the magnetic zones demonstrate the synchronous development of the faunal assemblages of Pliocene-Quaternary time in Western Siberia and in the southwest of European USSR. —Authors.  相似文献   

19.
The deglaciation history of the Escarra and Lana Mayor glaciers (Upper Gállego valley, central Spanish Pyrenees) had been reconstructed on the basis of detailed geomorphological studies of glacier deposits, sedimentological and palynological analyses of glacial lake sediments and an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C chronology based on minimum ages from glacial lake deposits. The maximum extent of the Pyrenean glaciers during the last glaciation was before 30 000 yr BP and pre‐dated the maximum advances of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and some Alpine glaciers. A later advance occurred during the coldest period (around 20 000 yr BP), synchronous with the maximum global ice extent, but in the Pyrenees it was less extensive than the previous one. Later, there were minor advances followed by a stage of debris‐covered glaciers and a phase of moraine formation near cirque backwalls. The deglaciation chronology of the Upper Gállego valley provides more examples of the general asynchroneity between mountain and continental glaciers. The asynchroneity of maximum advances may be explained by different regional responses to climatic forcing and by the southern latitude of the Pyrenees. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
鞍本地区鞍山群富铁矿成因类型的讨论   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
王守伦 《矿床地质》1986,5(4):14-22
鞍本地区太古界鞍山群变质岩层中产出多层鞍山式铁矿,富铁矿均产在鞍山式铁矿的厚大贫矿层中。有人曾用“母大子肥”来比喻这种产出关系。本文认为厚大贫矿层是产出富矿的必要前提,但不是厚大贫矿层中均有富矿,即“母大”不一定“子肥”,还必须有后期成矿作用的叠加,才能造成“子肥”。这种后期叠加成矿作用主要是退化变质作用,有的地方混合岩化作用也造成小型富铁矿床。这两种叠加成矿作用的主要区分标准是:前者是在“封闭系统”条件下形成的富矿,矿石组分均来自含矿岩系本身,没有外来组分的加入;后者是在“开放系统”条件下形成的富矿,矿石组分中,有外来物质的加入。因此,富矿的形成必须具备两个条件:一是有形成厚大贫矿的有利层位;二是在厚大贫矿层中出现后期叠加地质  相似文献   

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