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1.
Relationship of large magmatic/plume events, warm periods, and epochs of accumulation of variably Сorg–rich sediments is considered by the example of Riphean low-carbonaceous shales of the western slope of the South Urals. It is shown that this relationship presumably exists for some of the indicated events (as for Early Precambrian superplume events), and does not exist for others. The formation of organic carbon-rich sediments in the Late Precambrian was likely controlled by other external and internal factors than in the Early Precambrian, relationships between which are so far poorly understood. It is also possible that the lesser scale of plume events in the Late Precambrian as compared to previous epochs could lead to the obliteration of their influence on the formation of Сorg–rich sedimentary rocks, as well as to the local accumulation of the latters. 相似文献
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条带状铁建造(BIFs)研究的几个问题 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
前寒武纪条带状铁建造(BIFs)中拥有全球最重要的铁矿资源,BIFs中以及包括BIFs在内的含铁岩系还含有丰富的金、铜、锌、钴、铂族等有用元素。本论文主要针对BIFs形成过程中与成矿有关的几个关键问题进行评述和探讨,包括BIFs的成矿系列,地幔柱与BIFs的关系,微生物在BIFs形成中的作用等。认为BIFs内部以及包括BIFs在内的含铁岩系均构成贱、贵金属成矿系列;地幔柱与BIFs之间存在密切的时、空和成因联系;在早前寒武纪缺氧的环境下,厌氧的细菌类生物通过光合作用为BIFs中铁质沉淀提供了氧。希望该研究对包括BIFs的成矿作用在内的前寒武纪地质研究以及拓展找矿思路有所启示。 相似文献
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前寒武纪的超大陆旋回及其板块构造演化意义 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
太古代末早古生代存在４次超大陆或大陆聚合时期,超大陆的聚合与裂解造成全球性的重大构造热事件,成为全球板块构造演化的主线,威尔逊旋回在早前寒武纪已明显起作用。超大陆的聚合表现为克拉通的增生与陆块的碰撞造山作用;超大型的裂解表现为非造山岩浆活动、大规模基性岩墙群侵位及大陆裂谷的爆发等。超大陆的裂解可能与地幔柱上涌或超大陆下放射性物质积聚造成的热能积累有关,或地外物质冲击的触发有关。华北克拉通与世界古陆块的前寒武纪构造演化对比,及其在超大陆中的拼合模式成为我国大陆地质学研究面临的挑战性重大科学问题。 相似文献
4.
F. Pirajno 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,82(3-4):183-216
Summary Intraplate tectono-magmatic phenomena, including the emplacement of layered intrusions, and the giant dyke swarms, anorogenic (hotspot) volcanism, oceanic plataeux, rifting processes, basin formation, and geomorphological features are discussed in the context of the mantle plume theory. A review of the relationships between mantle plumes and ore deposits focuses on direct links, proxied by the emplacement of mafic-ultramafic magmas (e.g. PGE and Ni–Cu sulphides associated with flood basalts) and indirectly in rift systems where high geothermal gradients are set up in the crust above the plume, induce large scale circulation of hydrothermal fluids, which result in the generation of a wide range of ore deposits. Peak periods in the deposition of iron formations coincide with plume events in the Archeaen and Proterozoic. Passive margins, which evolve from continental breakups and triple junctions, host abundant mineral and hydrocarbon resources. 相似文献
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The article is dedicated to regularities in the distribution of sedimentary phosphorite and manganese deposits in the Lower Paleozoic and Proterozoic formations. Special attention is paid to co-occurrence of phosphate and manganese ores formed during the Vendian-Cambrian shale formation epoch. It is shown that shale formation in certain epochs of the Precambrian and Phanerozoic was determined by the excess influx of carbon and biogenic elements to seas and marginal parts of the oceans and by enhanced productivity of planktonic organisms in corresponding geological periods. 相似文献
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敦煌复合造山带前寒武纪地质体的组成和演化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
敦煌复合造山带位于塔里木克拉通东端,是连接塔里木克拉通和华北克拉通的重要纽带。近年来,敦煌基础地质研究取得了重大进展。本文简要回顾了敦煌基础地质研究历史和现状,系统归纳了区内前寒武纪地质单元时空分布特征及前寒武纪构造-热事件序列,初步讨论了前寒武纪大陆地壳形成和演化规律、前寒武纪结晶基底亲缘性及构造演化过程,提出:(1)敦煌造山带前寒武纪结晶基底形成于ca.3.1~1.6Ga,构造-热事件主要划分为新太古代(ca.2.7~2.6Ga和2.6~2.5Ga)、古元古代晚期(ca.2.0~1.8Ga)和中元古代早期(1.8~1.6Ga)三个阶段;(2)新太古代早期(ca.2.7~2.6Ga)和新太古代晚期(2.6~2.5Ga)是敦煌造山带大陆地壳形成的主要阶段;古元古代晚期(ca.2.0~1.8Ga)和中元古代早期(1.8~1.6Ga)主要是古老大陆地壳物质再循环阶段,也有少量新生陆壳物质的形成;(3)敦煌造山带前寒武纪结晶基底最初拼合事件可能发生在新太古代末期(~2.5Ga),之后经历了古元古代晚期(ca.2.0~1.8Ga)汇聚、碰撞造山过程,直到中元古代早期(1.8~1.6Ga),造山活动结束,前寒武纪结晶基底最终固结,进入稳定发展阶段;(4)前寒武纪结晶基底最终稳定固结之后,即～1.6Ga之后,敦煌前寒武纪结晶基底可能进入长达12亿年的静寂期,一直处于稳定状态,目前没有发现相关的岩浆-变质-沉积记录(类似于地盾状态),直至古生代志留纪开始活化(～440Ma),卷入古亚洲洋南缘俯冲、碰撞造山过程并被强烈改造。 相似文献
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CORNEL OLARIU JANOK P. BHATTACHARYA MATTHEW I. LEYBOURNE STEPHEN K. BOSS ROBERT J. STERN 《Sedimentology》2012,59(2):704-728
Basin‐floor topography influences the flow path of hyperpycnal plumes and delta morphology during progradation of the Red River delta in Lake Texoma, USA. The Red River discharge is typically a hyperpycnal plume due to elevated total dissolved solids. Because the river plume is a bottom‐hugging hyperpycnal flow, lake bathymetry and topography strongly influence deposition and subsequent delta morphology. In addition to elevated total dissolved solid concentrations compared with Lake Texoma water, the density contrast of the Red River outflow is increased by high suspended‐sediment concentrations during high‐discharge events. Steep lateral slopes in the Lake Texoma basin deflect hyperpycnal river plumes and, subsequently, change the delta progradation direction before the delta reaches the opposite bank of the lake. Analysis of multi‐temporal aerial and satellite images indicates that the hyperpycnal delta follows the steepest lake‐bottom gradients, corresponding to the pre‐impoundment river thalweg (i.e. bypassing shallow parts of the lake). An analytical model for the hyperpycnal‐plume trajectory indicates plume deflection during low‐discharge or high‐discharge events, towards the deepest part of the basin. The magnitude of plume deflection is a function of river discharge and basin‐margin gradients. Plume deflection can vary between 10° and 80° from the channel axis towards the old river thalweg. The high deflection appears in the case of maximum basin side gradients of 12·8° and in conditions of low river discharge. During low‐discharge periods, the Red River delta builds a lobate shape with multiple terminal distributary channels whereas, during high‐discharge periods the Red River delta builds an elongate shape with a single large distributary channel. The elongate morphology of the delta is formed through the development of a single distributary channel and abandonment of the other distributaries. Therefore, the lobate shaped delta is expected to be preserved in the rock record. 相似文献
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上扬子地区广泛发育上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组富有机质页岩,前人研究较少涉及其岩相类型和沉积过程对主要地质事件的响应.细粒沉积物高精度层序地层学研究表明,晚奥陶世至龙一段充填沉积期,经历了3次大的地质事件,形成了2个三级层序（五峰组层序Sq1和龙一段层序Sq2）、12个准层序组和13个笔石带.在生物地层约束的等时格架中,识别出火山喷发事件形成的富碳、富有机硅的硅质页岩相,底流侵入事件及陆源输入浊流事件沉积的贫碳、贫有机硅的混合质页岩相和泥质页岩相,建立了五峰组-龙马溪组富有机质页岩的成因模式,该套页岩主要为该时期的火山喷发（包括冰期和生物绝灭）、底流侵入和陆源输入等地质事件导致的古气候、古海洋等各要素协同作用的结果. 相似文献
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Structurally preserved insoluble organic cellular matter is intimately associated with Precambrian lead-zinc-silver ore in the McArthur River deposit, Australia. The ore is essentially a non-metamorphosed mineralized bituminous dolomitic shale of marine volcanic association and has some similarities with the Mt. Isa and Broken Hill deposits. 相似文献
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扬子东南大陆边缘晚前寒武纪古海洋演化的稀土元素记录 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本文采用中子活化方法分析了晚震旦～早寒武纪１９件样品的稀土元素组成,发现硅质岩石ＲＥＥ配分形式有着复杂的变化,初步可以划分为五种类型,包括“台地型”、“红海型”、“海水型”及两种特殊的配分形式。剖面上Ｃｅ异常由小到大的演变反映了古海洋底层水由缺氧环境向氧化条件的逐渐转化。正Ｅｕ异常的出现代表了热水沉积事件的存在。 相似文献
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New data on composition and age of Precambrian granites and volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Lyapin structure (Northern Urals) are considered. The geochemical features of the igneous rocks are similar to those of the rocks formed in both divergent and convergent environments. In the Late Precambrian (583–553 Ma), the investigated area is assumed to have been a part of the active margin above the mantle plume. 相似文献
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R. Nagendra P. Sathiyamoorthy A. N. Reddy Harry Gilbert B. C. Jaiprakash 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(10):4133-4144
Grey shale Member of the Dalmiapuram Formation, Ariyalur Group, Cauvery Basin, India was studied for its stratigraphic position, age, and paleobathymetry with a re-look into the lithological relationship and foraminifer assemblages in the deepened limestone mine excavations at M/s Dalmia Cements, Dalmiapuram. Twenty grey shale samples from Kovandankurchchi (pit-4) and Kallakkudi mines yielded diversified calcareous, benthic, and rare index planktic foraminifera. The foraminiferal assemblages suggest a latest Albian age and middle neritic depositional conditions. The abundance of kaolinite and smectite clay minerals relate to warm/humid climate which corroborate with rising relative sea level during grey shale deposition. The grey shale occurs in patches within the marl bedded limestone member which exhibits cyclic deposition of limestone and marl. The limestone mine sections demonstrate that the grey shale forms part of basal marl bedded limestone, directly overlying the coral algal limestone. The present study demonstrates that the grey shale outcrops in Dalmiapuram Formation should be placed stratigraphically as part of marl bedded limestone. The member status for grey shale which is current usage stands discounted. 相似文献
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The Arunta Inlier is a 200 000 km2 region of mainly Precambrian metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rock in central Australia. To the N it merges with similar rocks of lower metamorphic grade in the Tennant Creek Inlier, and to the NW it merges with schist and gneiss of The Granites‐Tanami Province. It is characterized by mafic and felsic meta‐igneous rocks, abundant silicic and aluminous metasediments and carbonate, and low‐ to medium‐pressure metamorphism. Hence, the Arunta Inlier is interpreted as a Proterozoic ensialic mobile belt floored by continental crust. The belt evolved over about 1500 Ma, and began with mafic and felsic volcanism and mafic intrusion in a latitudinal rift, followed by shale and limestone deposition, deformation, metamorphism and emergence. Flysch sedimentation and volcanism then continued in geosynclinal troughs flanking the ridge of meta‐igneous rocks, and were followed by platform deposition of thin shallow‐marine sediments, further deformation, and episodes of metamorphism and granite intrusion. 相似文献
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P. S. Plummer 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(7-8):395-402
Four distinct sedimentary facies have been recognized within the upper Precambrian Nuccaleena Formation in the central Flinders Ranges of South Australia. Three dolomite facies, containing tepee structures within either well‐laminated or stromatolitic dolomite, were deposited within supratidal and intertidal environments, whilst an interbedded shale and dolomite facies originated under very shallow submerged conditions. 相似文献
17.
近10年来,油页岩勘探开发和成矿理论研究取得重要进展。作者在前期研究和系统调研的基础上,概要总结了中国陆相油页岩的形成环境和成矿机制。总体表明,油页岩易形成于相对较高的O2和低CO2浓度的大气背景下,具有4个主要成矿期次;盆地内构造和古气候协同控制油页岩的矿床规模,补偿环境易于形成深水油页岩,而过补偿环境沉积浅水油页岩;深水油页岩沉积于半深湖和深湖环境中,湖底均处于贫氧—缺氧的状态,生物生产力为控制油页岩品质的关键因素,有利条件的持续时间和低含氧区范围决定油页岩矿床的规模;浅水油页岩沉积于湖沼环境中,富营养化和浊水藻型湖泊是沉积油页岩的前提,湖泊自身恢复和古气候调节作用导致油页岩厚度小、横纵向非均质性强;部分地质事件,缺氧、火山活动和热液、海侵,有助于提高生物生产力和形成缺氧环境,促进油页岩沉积。基于油页岩形成环境归纳,总结出深水和浅水油页岩成矿机制。进一步结合中国大陆区域构造演化,认为中国油页岩时空分布主要受控于古亚洲、特提斯和环太平洋构造域的影响。 相似文献
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扬子地台前寒武纪－寒武纪界线地层的微体植物化石群 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
前寒武纪一寒武纪界线地层在扬子地台发育良好、分布广泛,并有包括微体植物群、海藻、瓶形原生物、具硬体动物及‘澄江动物群’等化石的发现。因而,扬子地台成为研究前寒武纪－寒武纪界线生物地层的代表地区之一。基于对扬子地台前寒武纪－寒武纪界线地层已知微体植物化石记录的回顾和论定,总结概括了下寒武统微体植物化石组合：寒武系最底部硅质磷块岩中的Ｍｉｃｒｈｙｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ－Ｐａｒａｃｙｍａｔｉｏｓｐｈａｅｒａ－Ｍｅｇａｔｈｒｉｘ组合和较高层位页岩的Ｓｋｉａｇｉａ－Ａｎｎｕｌｕｍ－Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｄｉｓｃｉｎａ组合。它们分别与Ａｎａｂａｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｒｃｏｔｈｅｃａ－Ｐｒｏｔｏｈｅｒｔｚｉｎａ小壳动物化石带和Ｐａｒａｂａｄｉｅｌｌａ及Ｅｏｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ三叶虫带相对应。与东欧地台疑源类生物地层相对照,扬子地台Ｍｉｃｒｈｙｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ－Ｐａｒａｃｙｍａｔｉｏｓｐｈａｅｒａ－Ｍｅｇａｔｈｒｉｘ组合的纵向分布大体和东欧地台Ａｓｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍｔｏｒｎａｔｕｍ－Ｃｏｍａｓｐｈａｅｒｉｄｉｕｍｖｅｌｖｅｔｕｍ组合带相一致,而以上两地台的化石组合产出层位可能都略高于纽芬兰东部剖面,依据Ｐｈｙｃｏｄｅｓｐｅｄｕｍ所厘定的寒武系底界? 相似文献
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上扬子区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩是我国南方地区页岩气重要勘探层系之一。通过露头、岩心、薄片、实验测试等资料综合分析,识别了该套页岩岩相类型及相关沉积作用方式,在水体氧化还原条件演变规律分析基础上总结了其沉积演化模式。牛蹄塘组页岩共包含6类岩相：富有机质硅质页岩、含粉砂硅质页岩、粉砂质页岩、黏土质页岩、泥质钙质页岩及粉砂质钙质页岩,主要体现为5种沉积作用方式：砂质机械沉积、钙质化学沉积、硅质生物沉积、泥质絮凝沉积及底流改造沉积。从底到顶,该套页岩表现为一套水体变浅的进积型演化序列,水体还原程度减弱,有机质保存条件变差。牛蹄塘组下段沉积期,盆地相区和陆棚相区分别以硅质生物沉积和钙质化学沉积为主,主体岩相类型为硅质页岩和钙质页岩;上段沉积期,盆地相区和陆棚相区分别以泥质絮凝沉积和砂质机械沉积为主,主体岩相类型为黏土质页岩和粉砂质混合质页岩。提出的牛蹄塘组页岩岩相发育模式及沉积演化规律能为研究区优质页岩的分布预测及页岩气勘探选区评价提供理论依据。 相似文献
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塔里木西北缘阿克苏地区震旦系苏盖特布拉克组沉积物源分析：碎屑锆石年代学证据 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
阿克苏地区位于新疆塔里木克拉通西北缘,是研究塔里木克拉通前寒武纪演化的关键地区。该区出露有较好的前寒武系变质基底和沉积盖层,包括新元古界阿克苏群,南华系巧恩布拉克组和尤尔美那克组以及震旦系苏盖特布拉克组和奇格布拉克组。震旦系苏盖特布拉克组主要为一套红色河流相,湖相砂岩—粉砂岩序列,底部发育有砾岩和玄武岩夹层。本文对苏盖特布拉克组顶底两个沉积岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石UPb定年,旨在揭示苏盖特布拉克组的源区特征以及区域构造演化历史。碎屑锆石年龄谱指示出600~680Ma、730~900Ma、1800~2050Ma和2300~2600Ma四期构造-岩浆活动,与塔里木克拉通广泛发育的前寒武系岩体时代相匹配,说明塔里木克拉通可以为苏盖特布拉克组提供直接的物源。这四期构造-岩浆活动分别反映了塔里木克拉通对泛非造山、Rodinia超大陆、Columbia超大陆和新太古代—古元古代早期全球陆壳生长事件的响应。苏盖特布拉克组碎屑锆石记录落入碰撞背景盆地范围。结合区域地质资料,苏盖特布拉克组沉积可能代表了该区由会聚背景向伸展背景的转换。 相似文献