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1.
This research explains the background processes responsible for the spatial distribution of hydrochemical properties of the picturesque eutrophic Himalayan Lake, Dal, located in Kashmir valley, India. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to understand the spatiotemporal variability of 18 hydrochemical parameters comprising of 12,960 observations collected from 30 sampling sites well distributed within the lake at a grid spacing of 1 km2 from March 2014 to February 2016. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) grouped all the sampled data into three clusters based on the hydrochemical similarities, Discriminant analysis also revealed the same clusters and patterns in the data, validating the results of HCA. Wilk’s λ quotient distribution revealed the contribution of ions, nutrients, secchi disk transparency, dissolved oxygen and pH in the formation of clusters. The results are in consonance with the Principal Component Analysis of the whole lake data and individual clusters, which showed that the variance is maximally explained by the ionic component (46.82%) followed by dissolved oxygen and pH (9.36%), nitrates and phosphates (7.33%) and Secchi disk transparency (5.98%). Spatial variability of the hydrochemistry of the lake is due to the variations in water depth, lake water dynamics, flushing rate of water, organic matter decomposition, and anthropogenic pressures within and around the Dal lake ecosystem. Overall, the water quality of the lake is unfit for drinking due to the presence of coliform bacteria in the lake waters. 相似文献
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Occurrence number of red tides in Osaka Bay in Japan is more than 20 cases every year. Diatom red tide was dominant in Osaka Bay, but the non-diatom red tide was dominant in early 1990s. Therefore, the material cycling in Yodo River estuary in Osaka Bay during August from 1991 to 2000 was analyzed by using the numerical ecosystem model and field observation data to clarify the reasons of change in red tide species. Year-to-year variation in calculated concentration ratio of diatom to non-diatom corresponds to the variation in observed ratio of red tide days of diatom to non-diatom. Limiting nutrient of primary production is phosphate over the period. Diatom dominated from 1991 to 1993, but it was difficult for non-diatom to grow due to the limitation by physical condition. Non-diatom was able to grow because of good physical and nutrient conditions from 1994 to 1996. And diatom dominated again under the good physical condition, and phosphorus supply was not enough for non-diatom to grow from 1998 to 2000. Phosphate concentration in the lower layer of Yodo River estuary was important to the variation in red tide species in the upper layer of Yodo River estuary. 相似文献
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1991年发生在宁夏北部与内蒙古交界处地震重点监视区内三次中强地震前,宁夏北部前兆台网观测到了倾斜、重力、井水位潮汐响应的异常变化。从扩容模式出发,通过对小震应力降、Q值、波速比以及潮汐响应的综合分析,对多种潮汐响应的时空特征做了初步分析和解释。 相似文献
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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 1998 RED TIDE OF THE BOHAI SEA 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1 INTRODUCTION The Bohai Sea, located in East China, consists of five parts: Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay, Laizhou Bay, Central Bohai and the Bohai Strait, as shown in Fig.1. The average water depth of the semi-enclosed sea is only 17 m. The maximum water depth is 70 m, measured in the Bohai Strait. Surrounding the Bohai Sea are 17 industrial cities, including Beiijing, Tangshan, Tianjin, Dalian, Huanghua and Dongying. More than 50 rivers, including the Haihe, Liaohe, Yellow, and … 相似文献
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U. Irmer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(1):7-14
The New EC Framework Water Directive: Assessment of the Chemical and Ecological Status of Surface Waters The main objective of the draft EC Framework Water Directive is the good quality of all surface waters. The directive provides for an assessment of the chemical status of surface waters (EU‐wide valid environmental quality standards for approximately 30 priority substances) and a five‐stage ecological classification of waters, comprising the stages high, good, moderate, poor, and bad. The starting point for the assessment are the reference conditions, which are defined as corresponding to high water quality and characterising a water status with no significant anthropogenic impact. The reference sites in the various water body types are to be selected using hydromorphological and physico‐chemical parameters and subsequently characterised by means of biological parameters. For surface waters, three groups of characteristics are provided for, namely: 1. with priority the biology – in the case of surface waters – with the four elements phytoplankton, macrophytes/phytobenthos, benthic invertebrate fauna, and fish fauna; 2. supporting the hydromorphology, e.g. flowing waters with the three elements hydrological regime, river continuity, and morphological conditions and 3. supporting the physico‐chemical conditions with the three elements general conditions, specific synthetic pollutants, and specific non synthetic pollutants (other than the priority substances of the chemical status). 相似文献
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Zhao-Yin WANG Yongsheng WU and Guangqian WANG Prof. Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University & International Research Training Center on Erosion Sedimentation Beijing China Email: zywang@tsinghua.edu.cn or zywang@sun 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(4)
1 mTRoorcnoxThe EnvirDment AgenCy of UK (l997) defins eUtIDPhication as "the enrichInnt of waters byinorgedc plant nUtrientS that result in the simulation of an mp Of syInPtOInati changes. These includethe inCrased PrOduCtiOn Of aigae or othe aquatic PlantS, affeChng the quallty of the water and distUIbingthe balance Of orpedsms Present within it. Such changes Inay be undesirable and intetw with wateuses." Sndth et al. (l999) indicated tha eopation of waters is mainly caused by h… 相似文献
7.
A Recent Shellfish Toxin Investigation in China 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
Mingjiang Zhou Jun Li Bernd Luckas Rencheng Yu Tian Yan Christian Hummert Sebastian Kastrup 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):331-334
A shellfish toxin investigation along the Chinese coast has recently been conducted using both HPLC and mouse assay methods. The results showed that DSP was widely distributed in different shellfish species in China. 26 out of 89 samples had DTX1 (dinophysistoxin-1) or OA (okadaic acid) but the DSP content in most shellfish samples did not reach the regulatory limit for human consumption adopted in many countries (20 μg/100 g soft tissue). PSP was also found in 5 out of 96 samples along the coast. One sample, Chlamys nobilis from Hong Kong contained high levels of PSP (320 μg STX equivalent/100 g soft tissue), compared to the regulatory limit (80 μg STX equivalent/100 g soft tissue). After the recent outbreak of red tide in Hong Kong waters, three further shellfish samples were collected within 40 days to investigate the impacts of this event. It was shown that high levels of PSP continued to exist in Hong Kong waters. This report provides the first report of DSP and PSP distribution along the Chinese coast. 相似文献
8.
Scott P. Milroy Dwight A. Dieterle Ruoying He Gary J. Kirkpatrick Kristen M. Lester Karen A. Steidinger Gabriel A. Vargo John J. Walsh Robert H. Weisberg 《Continental Shelf Research》2008
The development of accurate predictive models of toxic dinoflagellate blooms is of great ecological importance, particularly in regions that are most susceptible to their detrimental effects. This is especially true along the west Florida shelf (WFS) and coast, where episodic bloom events of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis often wreak havoc on the valuable commercial fisheries and tourism industries of west Florida. In an effort to explain the dynamics at work within the maintenance and termination phases of a red tide, a simple three-dimensional coupled biophysical model was used in the analysis of the October 1999 red tide offshore Sarasota, Florida. Results of the numerical experiments indicate that: (1) measured and modeled flowfields were capable of transporting the observed offshore inoculum of K. brevis to within 16 km of the coastal boundary; (2) background concentrations (1000 cells L−1) of K. brevis could grow to a red tide of over 2×106 cells L−1 in little more than a month, assuming an estuarine initiation site with negligible offshore advection, no grazing losses, negligible competition from other phytoplankton groups, and no nutrient limitation; (3) maximal grazing pressure could not prevent the initiation of a red tide or cause its termination, assuming no other losses to algal biomass and a zooplankton community ingestion rate similar to that of Acartia tonsa; and (4) the light-cued ascent behavior of K. brevis served as an aggregational mechanism, concentrating K. brevis at the 55 μE m−2 s−1 isolume when mean concentrations of K. brevis exceeded 100,000 cells L−1. Further improvements in model fidelity will be accomplished by the future inclusion of phytoplankton competitors, disparate nutrient availability and limitation schemes, a more realistic rendering of the spectral light field and the attendant effects of photo-inhibition and compensation, and a mixed community of vertically-migrating proto- and metazoan grazers. These model refinements are currently under development and shall be used to aid progress toward an operational model of red tide forecasting along the WFS. 相似文献
9.
本文对琼中台连续重力观测数据进行收集整理并处理,基于处理后的数据,进行了潮汐分析和非潮汐分析。潮汐分析采用VAV调和分析方法;非潮汐分析则分别进行了零漂改正、固体潮改正、气压改正和海潮改正。其中,零漂改正采用一般多项式拟合零漂的方法;气压改正采用VAV软件;海潮改正运用SPOTL程序,以NAO.99b潮汐模型计算了琼中台海潮负荷值。最终获得了改正后的琼中台重力非潮汐变化,结果表明琼中台的重力气压导纳值为-0.34×10-8m/s2/mbar,气压改正幅度约为10×10-8m/s2,海潮改正幅度约为5×10-8m/s2。改正后,琼中台重力非潮汐变化数据,比仅进行零漂固体潮改正后的重力非潮汐变化数据中的潮汐信号更加微弱,说明进行海潮改正后的效果是明显的,该方法可进一步去除其中的潮汐信号。 相似文献
10.
用新的分层承压含水层模式 ,不但考虑含水层的力学压缩性质 ,而且考虑含水层的渗流特性 ,并结合扰动信息源的频率特性 ,分别研究扰动源地球固体潮、大气潮和地表负荷潮对承压井水位和流量的影响机理 ,给出相应的偏微分方程。从方程的解释或数值解讨论扰动源与承压井含水层的力学压缩参数、渗流特性参数及与频率特性频数的关系 ,进而给出承压井水位和流量对地球固体潮、大气潮和地表负荷潮汐响应的统一数学方程及其潮汐响应函数 ,并揭示了上述几类潮汐扰动信息源对承压井水位和流量影响的物理机理 相似文献
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Redevelopment and Restoration Measures for Lake Elsterstausee (Leipzig) Lake Elsterstausee is an artificial lake in the south of the town Leipzig. It was built in 1933, has an actual area of 50 ha, and an average depth of 2 m. Between 1970 and 1991, the lake was used for intensive fishery. Because of fish feeding and supplying the lake with highly nutrient loaded water from river Elster the waterbody was in a polytrophic state during this time. Secchi depth seldom exceeded 0.4 m, but pHvalues often exceeded 9. Therefore and because of ammonia concentrations between 1.5 and 4.0 mg/L fish kills often occured. Lake Elsterstausee had no usability as bath waterbody although it was orginally built for this purpose. In 1991, a complete programme for redevelopment and res-toration of the lake started. The main measures were the total exchange of trophic loaded water and the only supply with treated groundwater, the drastic decrease of fish populations – in 1991 140 tons of fish (90% carps) were removed from the lake, – the development of healthy wild fish populations and of a eutrophication diminishing food chain, and the development of a reed zone almost around the lake. The groundwater treatment was steadily improved between 1992 and 1996. Actually, the following optimized system works: Drained groundwater from the surface lignite mine Zwenkau (pH = 6.95) and percolating water from the heaps (pH = 3.01) are mixed in the proportion 1:1 after intensive aeration. The water flows through a ditch that is 1 600 m long and has a performance up to 300 m3/h. In the well-diversified ditch, up to 90% of the iron is removed by precipitation and filtration effect of submerged macrophytes and filamentous algae. In the same time, deacidification occurs primarily by sulfate reduction in the sediment. Meanwhile, the water has a pH of 4.64 immediately after mixing, this value enhances up to the end of the flowing distance to 7.3. Internal restoration of the lake started in November 1991 with the total removal of loaded water and of almost all carps and white fishes. In 1993, 4 000 carnivore fishes (zanders, pikes, welses) were given into the lake to keep white fish popu-lations on a low level. Additionally, every year between 5 and 7 kg of water fleas (Daphnia sp.) were added. By means of this initial biomanipulation, food chain in lake Elsterstausee was stabilized. As results of the above mentioned measures, nutrient content in the waterbody decreased and secchi depth increased steadily. Between 1991 and 1997, trophy degree according to Klapper developed from 5 (hypertrophic) to 3 (eutrophic). 相似文献
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以往对太湖蓝藻提取的研究中,较少将国内高分系列卫星影像作为数据源.为此本文基于2019年太湖不同蓝藻暴发时期的高分六号数据,采用随机森林（random forest,RF）法、归一化植被指数（normalized differential vegetation index,NDVI）阈值法和多光谱绿潮指数（multispectral green tide index,MGTI）阈值法对太湖蓝藻进行提取以寻求提取太湖蓝藻的最佳方法,并在此基础之上探讨了RF不同输入变量的适用性.结果表明,2019年太湖南岸和梅梁湖的蓝藻水华富营养化较为严重,NDVI阈值法明显将部分轻度蓝藻漏提,MGTI阈值法对中、重度蓝藻的识别能力不如NDVI法,而RF法能够有效地提取太湖蓝藻.其中将归一化植被指数和归一化水体指数作为输入变量的RF法提取中型暴发期的太湖蓝藻精度最高,总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别为99%和0.97.研究太湖蓝藻的提取方法对太湖的环境治理提供了技术支持,也为其他湖泊蓝藻的遥感监测提供了科学依据. 相似文献
16.
本文通过采用频谱分析和BAYTAP-G方法对位于日本伊豆群岛的新岛台跨度达三年（1998～2000年）的地电场的观测资料进行了分析研究，对该台地电场的潮汐响应进行了定量提取与分析，得到了地电场潮汐响应的一些主要特征，例如除了存在全日分潮、半日分潮等不同周期的潮汐成分外，还呈现出明显的半月、半年等不同周期的活动规律.进一步的定量分析显示与新岛台若乡（Wakago）关联的测线的潮汐响应在2000年夏季的群发地震前呈现出不同程度的异常变化，而在所分析的另一条测线中并未检测到类似的异常，这也许可以成为地震电磁信号的“选择性”现象的一种新的证据. 相似文献
17.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,80(1-2):305-313
A red tide event that occurred in August 2008 in the Arabian Gulf was monitored and assessed using satellite observations and numerical models. Satellite observations revealed the bloom extent and evolution from August 2008 to August 2009. Flow patterns of the bloom patch were confirmed by results from a HYCOM model. HYCOM data and satellite-derived sea surface temperature data further suggested that the bloom could have been initiated offshore and advected onshore by bottom Ekman layer. Analysis indicated that nutrient sources supporting the bloom included upwelling, Trichodesmium, and dust deposition while other potential sources of nutrient supply should also be considered. In order to monitor and detect red tide effectively and provide insights into its initiation and maintenance mechanisms, the integration of multiple platforms is required. The case study presented here demonstrated the benefit of combing satellite observations and numerical models for studying red tide outbreaks and dynamics. 相似文献
18.
The corporate purpose of Wismut GmbH is to decommission its former mining holdings and to rehabilitate the landscape and the environment. Sample taking and analysing the value of contaminants are necessary steps for the remediation of waste rock piles, the recycling of contaminated areas, controlled flooding of uranium mines. Main emphasis lies on the determination of heavy metals and radionuclides of natural decay chains of U‐238 and U‐235. Yearly about 60 000…70 000 determinations of radionuclides in waters were done. Facing this high output of determinations it is a permanent task for laboratory and quality management to ask: Are the results of different methods comparable to each other? Is there a preferred analytical technology? Which matrix influences exist? and What about the analytical costs? Answers to these important questions are given in this report. Summarizing our investigations done in the last few years it is possible to say that – by using different analytical methods the results of radionuclides in water samples (surface or groundwater) are comparable, – a not negligible influence of Ra‐223, Ra‐224 and Ra‐228 may exist by using the DIN 38404 C18 method to determine Ra‐226, – a preferred method cannot be defined, – the choice of the analytical method should include analytical questions (the sample matrix, the occurrence of other disturbing radionuclides, the necessary detection limit) and economical questions (costs, other parameters to be determined). 相似文献
19.
1995年太湖流域东南地区的洪涝灾害 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
太湖流域继１９９１、１９９３年大水后,１９９５年东南地区再次遭受大水。太湖最高水位达４．３２ｍ,为建国以来的第６位。流域东南地区的浙西、杭嘉湖、淀泖及上海浦东、浦西等地普降大到暴雨,部分地区水位超过大水的１９９１、１９９３年,杭嘉湖地区水位超过有记载以来的最高水位。德清水位高达６．４３ｍ,超过记载最高水位６．４０ｍ;嘉兴水位达４．４０ｍ,超记载最高水位的４．３８ｍ;王江泾水位高达４．３８ｍ,超记载 相似文献
20.
Pierre Delmelle Minoru Kusakabe Alain Bernard Tobias Fischer Simon de Brouwer Esfeca del Mundo 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,59(8):562-576
The hydrologic structure of Taal Volcano has favored development of an extensive hydrothermal system whose prominent feature
is the acidic Main Crater Lake (pH<3) lying in the center of an active vent complex, which is surrounded by a slightly alkaline
caldera lake (Lake Taal). This peculiar situation makes Taal prone to frequent, and sometimes catastrophic, hydrovolcanic
eruptions. Fumaroles, hot springs, and lake waters were sampled in 1991, 1992, and 1995 in order to develop a geochemical
model for the hydrothermal system. The low-temperature fumarole compositions indicate strong interaction of magmatic vapors
with the hydrothermal system under relatively oxidizing conditions. The thermal waters consist of highly, moderately, and
weakly mineralized solutions, but none of them corresponds to either water–rock equilibrium or rock dissolution. The concentrated
discharges have high Na contents (>3500 mg/kg) and low SO4/Cl ratios (<0.3). The Br/Cl ratio of most samples suggests incorporation of seawater into the hydrothermal system. Water
and dissolved sulfate isotopic compositions reveal that the Main Crater Lake and spring discharges are derived from a deep
parent fluid (T≈300 °C), which is a mixture of seawater, volcanic water, and Lake Taal water. The volcanic end member is
probably produced in the magmatic-hydrothermal environment during absorption of high-temperature gases into groundwater. Boiling
and mixing of the parent water give rise to the range of chemical and isotopic characteristics observed in the thermal discharges.
Incursion of seawater from the coastal region to the central part of the volcano is supported by the low water levels of the
lakes and by the fact that Lake Taal was directly connected to the China sea until the sixteenth century. The depth to the
seawater-meteoric water interface is calculated to be 80 and 160 m for the Main Crater Lake and Lake Taal, respectively. Additional
data are required to infer the hydrologic structure of Taal. Geochemical surveillance of the Main Crater Lake using the SO4/Cl, Na/K, or Mg/Cl ratio cannot be applied straightforwardly due to the presence of seawater in the hydrothermal system.
Received: 12 February 1997 / Accepted: 26 January 1998 相似文献