共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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《岩土力学》2017,(12):3635-3642
为了研究地表塌陷区回填体破坏过程中的孔隙结构演化规律,利用医用X-Ray CT及小型加载装置开展了废石/尾砂混合回填体实时单轴压缩扫描试验,重构了不同应力状态下回填体的多组分结构模型。试验结果表明:随应力值增大,回填体孔隙率增加,应力超过峰值应力80%后,孔隙率陡增,孔隙主要以X型共轭面分布;回填体孔隙率随含石量增加而增大;回填体细观结构演化过程可划分孔洞持续压密、孔洞先压密后扩容、孔洞持续扩容、相邻微裂隙的贯通、不均质区的孔隙扩展6种模式;回填体在峰值应力80%以前,CT数、孔隙率变化幅度小,回填体中并未出现显著的贯穿性裂缝,主要以原生孔隙的压缩与扩容、次生孔隙的萌生与扩展两种状态为主;应力超过峰值应力80%后,CT数急剧降低,孔隙率陡增,回填体中的原生、次生孔隙结构逐渐贯通,形成贯穿性裂缝,回填体破坏。 相似文献
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地震作用下尾矿坝有液化失稳的危险,尾矿动孔压的演化规律可以间接体现其液化过程。为研究尾矿动孔压的演化规律,开展了一系列的动三轴试验。结果表明：尾矿动孔压演化具有明显的阶段性,在等压固结时可用S形反正弦函数曲线描述,在偏压固结时可用J形指数函数曲线描述;尾矿材料在等压固结条件下临界孔压接近于围压,在偏压固结条件下临界孔压小于围压,且随围压及固结应力比的增大而减小,随尾矿平均粒径的增大而增大。基于极限平衡理论推导了等压固结和偏压固结条件下的临界孔隙水压力方程,从理论上阐释了试验结果所揭示的动孔压演化规律,可以为地震区上游式尾矿坝的抗震设计提供参考。 相似文献
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以冬瓜山铜矿深部出矿进路附近的矽卡岩为研究对象,采用改进的SHPB试验系统,进行高轴压和围压共同作用下受频繁动态扰动时深部矽卡岩动力学特性的研究。研究结果表明：预加载的高轴压和围压促使岩石内部微裂纹闭合,致使冲击荷载作用时动态应力-应变曲线初始阶段无下凹现象,即无压密阶段;峰值应力后,当岩样内部存储的弹性力大于卸荷时的冲击荷载时,出现应变减小的回弹现象,否则压缩应变一直增大至岩样破碎;累计扰动冲击次数随围压增大递增,随轴压增大递减,且增减率受围压、轴压大小的影响;动态变形模量、动态峰值应力随扰动冲击次数增加而减小,但最大应变及动态峰值应变增加;动态均值强度随轴压增大而减小,随围压增大先减小后增大;岩石动态变形过程中伴随着弹性变形,产生的回弹应变总体上随扰动冲击次数的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势发展。 相似文献
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煤岩强度离散性及三轴压缩试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
简述了煤的强度离散性原因。采用超声脉冲穿透法测量煤样波速并进行岩石力学试验,回归分析得出了煤岩试件声速与其力学参数之间的关系式,为尽可能避免因煤样离散性而带来的盲目试验提供了一条技术途径。采用MTS815岩石伺服试验系统进行了煤样三轴压缩试验。结果表明,与花岗岩等高强度岩石不同,由于煤的孔隙裂隙发育在围压作用下孔隙裂隙被压密闭合,煤的弹性模量随围压增大而增大,但并非线性关系;煤的轴向破坏应力及残余强度均随围压增大而增大。研究结论对于在破碎煤体中掘进的巷道的锚固机理研究有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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利用亲水性各异的饱和黏性土,开展不同压力条件下的压密试验,确定试验条件下黏性土中弱结水释水过程对外界应力的响应关系;依据响应关系,研究饱和黏性土中弱结合水的释水机理与规律;再根据土体孔隙比与压力之间对应关系,构建出饱和黏性土中亲水性、孔隙比与弱结合水之间的函数关系。研究表明:土体中弱结合水排出只受土体亲水性大小与孔隙比大小影响,不受其他因素制约;外界压力通过改变土体中的孔隙比大小,从而间接影响到土体中弱结合水排出,导致排水总体积大于土体压缩总体积,两者的差值随外界压力增加而呈非线性关系增大,与孔隙比呈自然对数关系。 相似文献
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水泥和石膏胶结相似材料配比的确定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对以水泥和石膏为胶结材料、石英砂和重晶石粉为骨料的相似材料,规范了其制作原料与工艺,以砂胶比（骨料与胶结材料质量比）、水膏比（水泥与石膏质量之比）和重晶石含量（重晶石质量占骨料百分比）为控制因素,设计了一个正交试验,开展了称重、单轴压缩试验,获得了不同配比相似材料的密度、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量等物理力学性质指标。采用极差分析法分析了各因素的敏感性,研究了各因素对相似材料参数的影响规律。研究表明：重晶石含量对相似材料密度有明显的控制作用,而砂胶比和水膏比对密度也有明显的影响;砂胶比对相似材料单轴抗压强度和弹性模量影响最大,水膏比和重晶石含量的影响次之。相似材料密度随砂胶比的增大而降低,随水膏比和重晶石含量的增大而增大;抗压强度随砂胶比的增大而显著降低,但随着水膏比和重晶石含量的增大而缓慢增大;弹性模量随砂胶比的增大而显著降低,随重晶石含量增大而增大,随水膏比增大而缓慢升高。采用MATLAB程序对试验数据进行多元线性回归分析,得到确定相似材料配比的经验方程。工程应用证明,采用经验方程计算得到相似材料配比,并按规范的制作工艺,可以得到满足试验要求的相似材料。 相似文献
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尾矿料的动力特性试验研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对某铜矿的尾矿料进行动三轴和共振柱试验,研究了尾矿材料动力变形特性,提出了简单实用的孔隙水压力模型,给出了能更加准确地预测尾矿材料的动孔隙水压力的公式,并将其与Seed提出的预测公式进行了比较。在不同密度尾矿料的动三轴试验基础上,分析了相对密度对液化特性的影响,得出了相对密度小于70 %时抗液化强度随相对密度的增加而明显增加的结论。在不同围压下进行动三轴试验,结果表明：在相同的液化振次条件下,围压越高,动剪应力比越低。由共振柱试验可知,尾矿料的阻尼比随着动剪应变幅的增大而增大,而动剪模量随动剪应变幅的增大而减小,动剪模量和阻尼比与动剪应变幅的关系受围压影响不太敏感。 相似文献
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全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体流动特性变化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
质量浓度、废石掺量是影响尾砂-废石混合回填体流动特性的主要因素,研究这些因素对膏体流动性的影响规律,对于控制膏体流动性具有重要意义。采用改进的小型直剪装置进行混合回填体直剪试验,以黏聚力、内摩擦角、抗剪强度为依据,综合得出了混合回填膏体流动性变化规律。试验结果表明,膏体在受力变形前期呈较为明显的似弹性性质,随废石掺量增加,位移-剪应力曲线中阶梯状变化趋势增加;回填体黏聚力取决于质量浓度,内摩擦角受质量浓度和废石掺量影响程度基本相同,两者协同作用;质量浓度在80%～88%范围时,黏聚力随质量浓度增大呈非线性增大,内摩擦角与质量浓度呈S型变化趋势;抗剪强度随质量浓度的增大而增加,在82%～84%区间抗剪强度变化显著,流动性出现突变。 相似文献
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最小孔隙比是确定岩土体的密实程度与孔隙特征的有效物理指标,如何快速有效地确定岩土体的最小孔隙比,可为岩土体的固结与稳定提供可靠参数。多数估算细粗混合材料最小孔隙比的模型参数与细粗粒径比一一对应,导致估算困难。在分析尾矿粒度组成、沉积规律和固结稳定的基础上,以8种不同粗细粒径,7～9种不同细粒含量尾矿为试验对象,拟合得到不同粒组尾矿最小孔隙比分布模型参数的函数关系;基于混合尾矿颗粒的粒组特征,给出了确定参数幂函数关系的指数值。分别采用模型参数要求粒组范围内的其他6组岩土材料和非粒组范围内的3组岩土材料进行验证。结果表明,考虑粒组分类影响下的模型,参数简单,对不同材料的最小孔隙比估算准确率较高,给出的最小孔隙比的分布规律合理,可为岩土工程领域最小孔隙比估算提供可靠的计算方法。 相似文献
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尾矿充填主要包括3种类型：尾矿砂浆充填、尾矿糊状充填（paste fill）和废矿石充填（rock fill）,其中前面两种充填属于水力充填,第3种属于干式充填。3种充填方法在加拿大的矿山都有应用。压缩强度和渗透性是水力充填材料的关键力学特性,直接影响井下充填的效果。一方面,为了使充填材料具有一定的强度,必须在尾矿砂浆（slurry backfill）材料中添加水泥,其用量非常大,水泥在充填成本中占有很大的比例。另一方面,尾矿砂浆水力充填是利用水力旋流器来分级固体颗粒,颗粒较细的部分将通过溢流派到废矿池中,颗粒较粗的部分回收利用作为井下充填的材料使用,有时充填的尾矿数量不够,需要另外购置砂子混合作为充填材料。如何减少水泥的使用量和从水力旋流器底流增加尾矿砂的细颗粒的固体部分产量,以达到节约充填成本的目的,一直是矿山企业所面临的重要课题。为此,专门研究絮凝药剂对尾矿砂浆充填材料的单轴抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,絮凝药剂能够大幅度地提高尾矿砂浆充填材料的强度,而且絮凝药剂使用量有一个最优值,使强度达到最大。当过量使用絮凝药剂,尾矿砂浆充填材料的强度则有所降低。 相似文献
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The management of uranium tailings, generated as a by-product of ore processing, is particularly important to minimize the environmental footprint of the industry. A clear understanding of tailings slurry behavior is required at the time of deposition to help evaluate the storage capacity and life span of the containment facilities. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the segregation and self-weight settling properties of uranium tailings. Detailed laboratory investigations were conducted on tailings from 4, 5, and 6 % nominal mill feeds (high-grade McArthur River ores blended with special wastes on site) from the Cameco Key Lake operation. The results indicate that the three uranium tailings can be characterized as a sandy silt material with a negligible amount of clay. Their depositional behavior is governed by the initial solids content of the slurry. The investigated tailings showed insignificant segregation between 25 and 40 % initial solids content. The initial hydraulic conductivity during settling was about 10?4 m/s at a void ratio of 4 and was increased by half an order of magnitude for the 4 % mill feed, and by almost two orders of magnitude for the 5 and 6 % mill feeds at a void ratio of 8. Over the same range of initial void ratio, the settling potential increased threefold: from 8 to 24 % for the 4 % mill feed and from 12 to 36 % for the 5 and 6 % mill feeds. The better rate and amount of dewatering of future high mill feed tailings as compared to the current low mill feed tailings means that the onsite containment facility can store more tailings thereby supporting a longer life span of the mill. 相似文献
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Some authors use the concept of critical void ratio of sands to describe sand behavior under dynamic load. This paper presents a new procedure of experimental determination of the critical void ratio of sands under consolidated undrained triaxial compression. At present, there is no technical possibility for determining the critical void ratio of sand under dynamic loads, particularly in shear zones. The mechanism of dynamic load is such that both pore pressure and effective stresses (indirect indicators of the change in the void ratio of sand under undrained conditions) change several times, even during one cycle. It is established that, because of dynamic loading, saturated sands of any density tend to the state of zero dynamic dilatancy when shear zones of constant thickness form in sands, where further strain accumulation is localized. The investigation into the state of zero dynamic dilatancy is fundamentally important for the estimation of the dynamic stability of sands. 相似文献
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A number of cyclic triaxial tests were carried out on mine tailings and natural sediment samples under undrained conditions
to investigate their resistance to cyclic loading. The tests were performed on more than 100 samples with a cyclic shear stress
ratio ranging from 0.10 to 0.40 under varying void ratio and the same confining pressure. It was observed that the axial strain
and excess pore water pressure increased with the number of loading cycles while the effective stress decreased with increasing
number of loading cycles. The liquefaction resistance of the tailings was also observed to be higher than that of natural
soils with similar particle size distribution, void ratio and plasticity index. It was observed that the influence of specific
gravity on the cyclic strength of mine tailings is significant. The results showed that the cyclic resistance of the tailings
was not strongly influenced by plasticity index for low plasticity tailings. A boundary relationship between void ratio and
normalized cyclic resistance ratio was established based on the results. 相似文献
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Summary In the mining industry today there is some caution about using fine tailings as a backfill material. Traditionally, hydraulic backfill has only used the coarse fraction of tailings, excluding the fines by a classification process. With the development of paste fill, the percentage of fine tailings being sent underground has increased, but still remains low due to the high percentages of sand and gravel which usually make up these fills. Sand and gravel have been added to paste fills to aid pumpability and to increase fill strength and stiffness. This leaves the remainder of fine tailings destined for surface disposal. The main focus of this paper is to evaluate what effect the addition of fine gold mill tailings in the form of agglomerated tailings pellets has on the strength and stiffness characteristics of a total tailings paste fill. The purpose is to create a high modulus fill which is made up entirely of fine tailings. A constant slump design of 20 cm (8 in) was used for each mix. Various binder dosages, curing periods and combinations of pellet to tailings ratio were studied. Raw fill slump and density, and cured fill compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were also examined. Results from the above study indicate that agglomerated tailings paste fill (ATPF) has superior strength and stiffness characteristics. Compressive strengths were enhanced while the modulus of elasticity values was tripled when compared to total tailings paste fills of the same binder content and consistency. ATPF minimizes the surface disposal of tailings and maximizes the utilization of fine tailings underground as a useful backfill material. 相似文献
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砂类土的密实程度是影响其抗剪强度的重要指标,然而已有研究并没有直观给出砂类土抗剪强度随孔隙比变化的定量规律。控制砂类土的初始孔隙比得到土体所需的抗剪强度,这在土工相似模型试验中具有一定的应用前景。基于砂土的临界状态理论,本文建立了砂类土抗剪强度与孔隙比关系的理论表达式。针对尾矿库现场取回的铜、钨尾砂开展了直剪试验和固结试验,并利用所推导的理论表达式对尾砂在不同状态时的抗剪强度进行了分析。结果表明,随着孔隙比的增加,砂类土的抗剪强度非线性减小,孔隙比越大时抗剪强度减小的幅度越平缓。试验结果证实砂类土抗剪强度与孔隙比关系的理论表达式能够合理描述尾砂在不同孔隙比下的抗剪强度。 相似文献