共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Dan H. Allen 《Ground water》1986,24(6):791-797
Abstract. Hantush (1967) provided time-dependent equations for describing ground-water mounds resulting from axisymmetric recharge. Because these equations contain the well function, they cannot be solved explicitly for the several variables employed in terms of the known mound height. Newton's method provides a means to achieve solutions for specific yield, hydraulic conductivity, time, or radius. An additional routine is provided which searches for the second solution in the case in which the inverse solution for hydraulic conductivity is doublevalued. The iterations can be performed on an HP-41C handheld calculator with three memory modules. The code is provided and will run with or without the printer attached. 相似文献
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Stephen J. Baker 《Ground water》1984,22(5):609-616
Abstract. Two useful programs have been developed for the Hewlett Packard HP41CV programmable calculator. The THEIS program is designed to simulate a well pumping from a confined or unconfined aquifer. Drawdown, residual drawdown, t/t1 and t/r2 are calculated. The BOUN program is designed to solve for drawdown in a well pumping from an aquifer bounded by two parallel impermeable barriers. The programs can be used in aquifer pumping test design, pumping test analysis, and aquifer response predictions. 相似文献
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Frank A. Rayner 《Ground water》1985,23(1):81-84
Abstract. LGWRES is a simplistic program, for the HP-41C series of programmable calculators, to determine the lifetime of ground-water reserves in years; total use over the lifetime of the reserves; precentage of domestic and agricultural uses; additional years of possible agricultural use realized by dedicating the domestic use to agriculture; and percentages of total use, domestic use, and agricultural use that could be sustained by annual replenishment to the ground-water reserves, within the "safe yield" concept. 相似文献
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针对电磁勘探中的混场源输入条件,提出了一种时空阵列混场源电磁勘探方法.假设输入端同时包含天然电磁场源和可控人工场源,输出端进行多站同步观测;基于多输入-多输出系统的分析方法,推导了混场源条件下的时空阵列方程组.提出了系统响应的求解策略,一次性获得所有同步测道对各个场源独立激励时的响应,并分别求取了大地电磁法及可控源电磁法的各种解释参数.在此理论基础上,设计了针对性的施工方案;可控人工场源的选择形式多样,其类型、数量、激励方式及布设位置等不受限制,所有场源的激励可同时进行,无需分步;测区内各测站的布设方式灵活,可根据需要布设单分量测道或多分量测道;同时在测区外布设张量远参考站.利用数值模拟方法,论证了方法的有效性,并与常规方法进行了对比.结果表明,本方法不仅可提高人工场响应的处理精度,还具有一次野外数据采集,可同时获得天然场及人工场电磁响应结果的突出特点,进而提高采集效率,压制噪声影响;本方法集合了天然场源电磁法和人工场源电磁法的优点,为实现不同类型频率域电磁测深方法数据的统一处理提供了思路. 相似文献
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地震台站地电场观测会受到各种因素的干扰,必须快速发现并消除干扰源,以保障观测数据的正常输出。2019年5月17日—6月4日,昌黎地震台地电场观测受不明原因干扰,观测数据产生畸变,与已知干扰类型数据特征进行对比分析,发现与常见干扰源所致数据变化形态特征不同;按照干扰数据变化特征,假设干扰源与观测台站的相对位置关系,布设简易的野外观测点,成功定位本次观测干扰源。最终确认,昌黎台地电场干扰由位于台站东南方向的铁件铸造厂变压器电缆漏电所致。此次干扰源排查,可为同类地电台站观测数据干扰分析提供参考。 相似文献
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A five-mineral multiple-log potash assay technique has been successfully applied to evaluate potash-rich intervals in evaporite sequences. The technique is able to distinguish economic potash minerals from non-economic potash minerals and from other non-potash radioactive minerals. It can be applied on location, using a programmable calculator or microcomputer, providing near real-time logs of potash mineral concentrations. Log assay values show good agreement with core wet chemistry analyses. 相似文献
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Kees Wapenaar 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(5):1033-1049
Interferometric redatuming is a data‐driven method to transform seismic responses with sources at one level and receivers at a deeper level into virtual reflection data with both sources and receivers at the deeper level. Although this method has traditionally been applied by cross‐correlation, accurate redatuming through a heterogeneous overburden requires solving a multidimensional deconvolution problem. Input data can be obtained either by direct observation (for instance in a horizontal borehole), by modelling or by a novel iterative scheme that is currently being developed. The output of interferometric redatuming can be used for imaging below the redatuming level, resulting in a so‐called interferometric image. Internal multiples from above the redatuming level are eliminated during this process. In the past, we introduced point‐spread functions for interferometric redatuming by cross‐correlation. These point‐spread functions quantify distortions in the redatumed data, caused by internal multiple reflections in the overburden. In this paper, we define point‐spread functions for interferometric imaging to quantify these distortions in the image domain. These point‐spread functions are similar to conventional resolution functions for seismic migration but they contain additional information on the internal multiples in the overburden and they are partly data‐driven. We show how these point‐spread functions can be visualized to diagnose image defocusing and artefacts. Finally, we illustrate how point‐spread functions can also be defined for interferometric imaging with passive noise sources in the subsurface or with simultaneous‐source acquisition at the surface. 相似文献
10.
本文讨论一项用以研究折射绕射波的三度空间超声波模拟实验的结果。实验说明,在三度空间中,在某一点观测到的绕射波包含着来自无穷个绕射源的波涟,这些绕射源沿着绕射楔或断层而分布。这点在观测点位于垂直绕射楔或断层的方向上也是同样真实。 结果也指出绕射波的动力学性质随着绕射楔或断层的几何形状而变化,因此根据这种结果可以设想,若详细研究绕射波的动力学特性,可以对绕射楔或断层的几何形状得出有用的证据。 此外,根据模拟实验的结果,可用“最小走程原理”来解释波涟到达观测点的行程和求得绕射点的位置。 相似文献
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《Advances in water resources》2002,25(7):733-746
Backward location and travel time probabilities, which provide information about the former location of contamination in an aquifer, can be used to identify unknown contamination sources. Backward location probability describes the possible upgradient positions of contamination at a known time in the past, and backward travel time probability describes the time required for contamination to travel from a known upgradient location to an observation point. These probabilities are related to adjoint states of resident concentration, and their governing equation is the adjoint of a forward contaminant transport model. Using adjoint theory to obtain the appropriate governing equation, we extend the backward probability model for conservative solutes to more general non-uniform and transient flow fields. In particular, we address three important extensions, spatially-varying porosity, transient flow and temporally-varying porosity, and internal distributed sources and sinks of solute and water. For the first time we learn that forward and backward location and travel time probabilities are not necessarily equivalent to adjoint states, but are related to them. The extensions are illustrated using a vertically-integrated groundwater model, creating transient flow by a step change in pumping and using areal recharge as an internal distributed source. Both the movement and spread of probabilities are affected. With internal sources of water, there are two interpretations of backward probability, depending on whether or not the source of water is also a source of solute. The results demonstrate how the backward probability model can be applied to other, perhaps more important, non-uniform and transient flow conditions, with time- and space-varying water storage, such as time-varying pumping or unsaturated (or saturated–unsaturated) flow and transport with spatially- and temporally-varying moisture content. 相似文献
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Where now? Reflections on future directions for cosmogenic nuclide research from the CRONUS Projects
The CRONUS-Earth and CRONUS-EU Projects have recently examined the reproducibility of cosmogenic nuclide measurements and the ability of cosmogenic-production models to fit high-quality global calibration data sets. In both cases, although results are adequate for present geochronological needs, they must be improved to meet future demands. We recommend that the cosmogenic-nuclide community embark on a continuing effort to understand the sources of the remaining model-versus-data discrepancy, and that in the meanwhile all cosmogenic ages be benchmarked against reference ages calculated in a consistent fashion. We also recommend that interlaboratory reference materials be routinely analyzed along with samples and blanks, that the results be tracked, and that methods of achieving consistency and precision in sample preparation and analysis be shared within the community. We also recommend additional organization of the community to facilitate the use of intercomparison materials, foster analytical improvements, oversee the evolution of the community age calculator, and synthesize ongoing calibration efforts. 相似文献
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Depth and shape estimates from simultaneous inversion of magnetic fields and their gradient components using differential similarity transforms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The differential similarity transform of a magnetic anomaly is a linear combination of its intensity and gradient components. This transform is sensitive to the distance between a chosen central point of similarity and the source and depends on the degree of homogeneity of the field. Taking advantage of this property, a new field inversion method resulting in the evaluation of source position and shape type is proposed and implemented. The field gradient components are measured directly in magnetic gradiometry, or they can be calculated from the measured field data. Regional and local linear backgrounds are accounted for by the method. The method can be applied on either regularly or irregularly-spaced data sets, on even or uneven surfaces of observation. The solving of the systems of equations is not necessary. A semi-automated inversion for both location and shape of the sources is implemented. Model and field tests illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed inversion technique for depth and shape estimates. 相似文献
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2016年以来石柱地震台地磁观测数据明显受到环境干扰,与相邻地震台日均值数据进行相关性分析,确定在干扰时段内,地磁观测数据主要受台站环境改造及周边建筑施工影响。据干扰产生原理将干扰源分为铁磁性和电磁性干扰,分析干扰时段内地磁观测数据曲线典型特征,为今后地磁台站选址及干扰判别积累经验。 相似文献
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地震观测环境定量评估初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于地震观测环境定性评估不能适应客观需要的情况,对地震观测环境定量评估的概念、依据、方法、指标体系建立方案等进行初步研究,得出:地震观测环境定量评估比定性评估更有利于台网优化等重大决策、地震观测环境行政执法和维权,但不能完全取代定性评估;地震观测环境定量评估指标体系的建立可依据《地震台站观测环境技术要求》等规范性文件;在制定评估指标体系时,应以观测实践和科学实验衡量各类干扰源对观测的影响范围和幅度为前提;深入研究地震观测环境定量评估和开展试点工作,将对我国的防震减灾工作有重要意义。 相似文献
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Contaminant transport models under random sources 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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The number of studies on the actual and potential environmental consequences of contaminated ground water is growing. One means of studying these consequences is through an idealized flow and transport model, S-PATHS, which allows the hydrologist to determine the salient features of contaminant migration with a minimum of data. The transport of contaminants by ground water from many waste disposal sites can be geometrically idealized as flow between a line and a circle. The flow system adjacent to the disposal site can be represented as a contaminant line source, and a downgradient pumping well as a circular sink. To study waste disposal sites on a larger scale the model geometry is reversed and the disposal site is represented as a circular source, and a river or other convenient line of evaluation is represented as a line sink. This idealization allows S-PATHS to describe the flow and transport process directly by a single partial differential expression. S-PATHS considers transmissivity, effective porosity, sorption, source strength, source concentration, decay, potentiometric gradient, circle size, and distance to the line. Coding for the model is not lengthy and can be run on a large-capacity, hand-held calculator. 相似文献
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The induced polarization response of a horizontally multilayered earth with no resistivity contrast can rapidly be calculated on a desk calculator or minicomputer for any electrode array. The formulation is a simple series summation of the products of weighting coefficients and the true induced polarization responses for each of the layers. The coefficients are directly derivable from the corresponding resistivity model. This series approach to IP formulation was originally described by Seigel but has not been treated extensively in the present-day geophysical literature. This method can be applied to either time or frequency domain induced polarization measurements. Once the coefficients are known, apparent induced polarization response can readily be obtained by judicious substitution of known, suspected, or assumed values of the true induced polarization of each layer. Basic formulation is presented for the IP potential coefficients (pole-pole or two array) with no resistivity contrast between the layers. From these coefficients, response of any number of layers for any electrode array can be obtained by suitable differentiation. Some examples of Wenner array for a three-layered earth and dipole-dipole array for a four-layered earth are used to illustrate the application. The results of this technique are valid for many natural situations of modest resistivity contrast. However, they definitely cannot be used if there are highly contrasting resistivity layers present. Such an approach is conceptually simple and is useful for survey planning, checking or setting the “depth-of-penetration”of a given array. For field induced polarization data that fits reasonably well to the no-resistivity-contrast model, this simple approach facilitates quantitative interpretation. 相似文献
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William E. Kelly 《Ground water》1982,20(6):736-739
Abstract. A simple and convenient method for calculating two-dimensional dispersion on a TI 58 or 59 programmable calculator utilizing the normal distribution program available in the Solid State Software Master Library module as a subroutine is presented with an example. 相似文献