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1.
岩浆活动中某些动力学参数的估算方法——流体动力学原理的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地质科技情报》1986,(3)
本文着重介绍了应用流体动力学原理估算岩浆活动中某些动力学参数的方法,包括部分熔融体与熔融残余的分离速度、岩浆上升速度、岩浆对流速度、岩浆中捕虏体及晶体的下沉速度、岩体冷凝时间等,初步讨论了其岩石学意义,并从这一侧面,强调了岩浆流体动力学研究的重要性。 相似文献
2.
南盘江坳陷及邻区海西晚期岩浆活动特征及其形成机制探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
南盘江坳陷及邻区海西晚期岩浆岩分布显示有从中、西部大规模玄武岩喷发→中东部中酸性岩浆活动→东南部花岗岩侵入的演化规律。其中, 在十万大山盆地以西地区的偏基性岩浆活动受北东和北西向深断裂控制明显, 尤其以此两组断裂交汇处的岩浆活动强烈, 盆地构造背景属大陆伸展裂谷环境; 在十万大山盆地以东地区为偏酸性岩浆活动, 主要受东吴运动形成的钦防造山带的控制,属大陆边缘造山带或岛弧造山带环境。岩浆活动的模式为: 早二叠世末期, 在研究区中、西部地壳强烈拉张应力作用下, 扬子板块向南东仰冲于云开地体之上, 钦防海槽关闭, 沿北东向的博白 岑溪断裂带发生陆 陆碰撞, 其动力来源可能与邻区的“峨嵋山玄武岩省”相关。海西晚期盆地的沉积特征也反映出岩浆活动的规律。 相似文献
3.
晚古生代末—中生代内蒙古—燕山地区造山过程中的岩浆热事件与构造演化 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
晚古生代末—中生代，内蒙古—燕山造山带在造山作用过程中于构造变形的同时或前、后产生了不同类型的侵入作用和火山喷发等岩浆热事件。在研究和测定岩浆热作用和构造格局的形成、演化年代、８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ的初始比值、断层、褶皱特征等的基础上，分析了在造山作用过程中挤压、拉张、剪切等构造形态与岩浆活动的关系，以及地壳不同层次变形期间的深层热结构和热动力特征，探讨了岩浆活动的大地构造背景及岩浆热迁移与富集过程中的动力作用 相似文献
4.
湖南中生代岩浆活动与晚二叠世煤变质特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩体同位素年龄和空间展布分析表明，中生代岩浆活动受多期活动的深大断裂控制且具有多阶段和多期次演化特征。根据Ｘ 射线衍射分析、包体测温、热液矿点的分布以及煤质参数等特征可以证明，除了深成变质作用外，岩浆热变质作用是该区主要的煤变质作用类型。岩浆热变质作用可进一步划分为区域岩浆热变质作用和接触变质作用。通过对湖南的煤类、岩浆活动、构造特征及地球物理特征的比较，可划分出４个煤变质区，其变质程度自北西向南东逐渐增高，这是中、新生代太平洋板块与欧亚板块长期相互作用的结果 相似文献
5.
古特提斯东昆仑活动陆缘及其区域成矿 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
东昆仑地质构造特征、石炭—三叠系火山 -沉积建造及区域岩浆作用研究显示 ,海西 -印支期 ,该区属于古特提斯北侧活动陆缘的组成部分。活动陆缘区特殊的沉积环境、区域岩浆活动及构造变形动力等作用 ,构成了区域矿产形成的主要背景和控制因素 ,从而使不同类型和元素组成的矿床得以形成 ,并表现区域成矿的总体分带规律。 相似文献
6.
我国古克拉通岩金矿床多分布于中朝准地台长期上升的古老活化地盾的太古代花岗岩——绿岩地体以及地幔或下地壳深部物质上升具有动力变质作用的韧性剪切带中,受构造—岩浆—建造控制的经受多期区域变质、混合岩化作用岩浆活动而形成的复合迭生岩金矿 相似文献
7.
冀北辽西地区内生金矿成因初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文讨论了冀北辽西地区金矿的控矿因素,指出该区金矿主要形成于中生代,其次是晚古生代,强调了地壳演化、构造-岩浆活动在金成矿中的作用,认为该区内生金矿为“构造-(岩浆)动力热液”成因. 相似文献
8.
为准确预测牛顿流体连续管压裂作业时沿程管柱内的压力损失,根据我国煤层气井压裂所采用压裂液的特点,运用流体力学理论与方法,建立了基于牛顿流体流变学基本特征的混砂液在连续油管内流动过程中的压力损失预测模型;对不同施工排量、砂比、连续管径和入井长度比等参数对管内压力损失的影响规律进行了分析。提出: a .牛顿流体在管内流动压力损失的主控因素为流体与管壁的摩擦,因此,降低牛顿流体管内压力损失的有效途径是合理选择连续油管直径与优化施工排量; b .为降低管内摩擦压力损失,应参考入井长度比值等参数,合理优选连续油管长度; c .在满足连续管工作压力和保证携砂液性能的前提下,牛顿流体压裂时应尽可能采用大管径、大排量、中砂比施工。 相似文献
9.
滇西北与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的金矿成矿系统 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
滇西北地区广泛发育一套以喜马拉雅期为主，以富碱为特点的斑岩体(脉)，空间上具有以岩体(脉)集中区为单元，不同单元组成岩带，多岩带近平行产出的特征。富碱岩浆是地幔富碱质流体经由深大断裂上升至壳-幔混合带激发其岩石部分熔融的产物。金矿成矿与岩浆成岩一脉相承，形影相随，具有与富碱岩体完全一致的时空分布特点，体现了其成岩成矿受区域构造控制的一体化特征。成矿流体主要源于地幔，矿质则地幔与岩浆源区兼而有之。岩浆和岩浆活动是金矿成矿作用中深部矿质上升的载体和不断聚集的动力。由(近)EW向构造活动一地幔富碱质流体上升-壳-幔混合带内岩浆形成-富碱岩浆分异演化一流体成矿构成了统一的区域成矿系统，称之为该区与喜马拉雅期富碱岩浆活动有关的金矿(构造)-壳-幔(流体-岩浆)成矿系统。 相似文献
10.
高坝金铜矿床定位于动力变质的碎裂岩中,赋矿岩石为碎裂玄武岩和闪长岩,矿体在活动的构造环境中形成,围岩蚀变强烈,是一个在岩浆热液作用下形成的构造蚀变岩型矿床。 相似文献
11.
透岩浆流体成矿作用——理论分析与野外证据 总被引：45，自引：1，他引：44
文中介绍并发展了科尔任斯基等有关透岩浆流体成矿作用的基本概念,结合当今地质学领域的一些基本事实,以及混沌边界成矿理论和小岩体成大矿的原因分析,力图完整地阐述透岩浆流体成矿理论,并从地球动力学的视角来讨论成矿作用的基本问题。大多数矿区的岩石遭受过强烈蚀变,暗示成矿作用伴随着大规模流体活动。然而,地质观察和实验研究表明岩浆中流体的含量有限、小岩体常常与大型矿床有关、围岩中的流体由于高温岩浆的热压力而不能进入岩浆体中,表明成矿流体主要来自深部的独立流体系统。前人的实验还表明,流体中成矿元素的溶解度随压力快速增加。因此,成矿作用的前提条件是:(1)存在大量的深部流体和流体中高的金属浓度;(2)岩浆系统和成矿流体系统是两个独立的地质系统,它们具有类似的起源;(3)巨量金属堆积有赖于深部含矿流体的快速上升,岩浆体是含矿流体上升的有利通道,流体是岩浆快速上升侵位的驱动力之一。因此,岩浆系统和成矿流体系统往往具有同时活动的特点,这两个地质系统常常叠合在一起,形成我们现在观察到的火成岩及与其密切相关的成矿现象。根据这个理论,成矿作用的规模和位置取决于:(1)岩浆系统与流体系统的体积比,(2)含矿流体的上升速度,(3)金属堆积的边界条件,(4)岩浆系统与流体系统分离的程度。因此,快速上升侵位的岩浆有利于形成斑岩型矿床,较慢速侵位的岩浆可以形成夕卡岩型甚至远程低温热液型矿床,多数情况下是这三类矿床的复杂组合。冈底斯带曲水岩体中含铜暗色微粒包体的野外观察有助于理解成矿物质的来源、迁移和集聚成矿,是透岩浆流体成矿作用的一个缩影。将暗色微粒包体展现的成矿现象与藏东玉龙等斑岩铜矿相比,发现二者具有很好的类比性。可见,透岩浆流体成矿作用理论是一种非常重要的成矿理论,可以解释许多内生成矿作用之谜。 相似文献
12.
Stepwise accumulation and ascent of magmas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
One of the currently popular theories on magma ascent is that it mainly occurs by propagating hydrofractures (dykes) and that magma viscosity is the primary rate‐controlling factor. This theory is based on mathematical models for single hydrofractures under idealised conditions. We simulated magma ascent with air ascending through gelatine and observed that the air ascended in batches, following paths made by their predecessors. Multiple batches accumulate at obstacles along the path. Although magma viscosity may control ascent rate during movement, obstacles ultimately control the size and average ascent velocity of ascending batches. We propose that step‐wise movement of magma batches is the mechanism of primary accumulation and ascent from the partially molten source rock of a magma to its first emplacement site and therefore the main ascent mechanism for granitic magmas. ‘Classical’ dyking is the mechanism for secondary ascent from a magma chamber. 相似文献
13.
西昆仑普鲁新生代火山岩的矿物化学特征及其对岩浆演化过程的约束 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对西昆仑普鲁新生代火山岩的矿物学进行了系统的研究。结果表明：该地区火山岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石组成,并有少量的斜方辉石、黑云母、角闪石、碱性长石和铁钛氧化物。其矿物学特征指示了岩浆的性质有点类似于碱性岩浆,但与典型的碱性玄武岩又有明显的区别,属于橄榄安粗岩系列。利用橄榄石-熔体平衡原理估算了进入高位岩浆房中的熔体的MgO含量约为6．2％,Mg^#为0．57,说明其不是地幔熔融形成的原始岩浆,而是经历了深部岩浆房的分离结晶过程。由单斜辉石估算的高位岩浆房的深度约7～9km。岩浆在高位岩浆房中发生了较长时间的强烈分离结晶作用,分离结晶相主要为橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石以及少量的斜方辉石、黑云母、角闪石、碱性长石和铁钛氧化物。不同时期形成的铁钛氧化物指示了分离结晶过程由相对高温高氧逸度向相对低温低氧逸度演化。与此相对照的是岩浆在深部岩浆房中可能只发生了橄榄石和辉石等铁镁矿物的分离结晶作用,且分异作用时间较短。深部岩浆房可能存在于岩石圈地幔或壳幔过渡带中,岩浆由深部岩浆房上升到高位岩浆房中的过程是近绝热的,从浅部岩浆房到地表是快速上升的过程。 相似文献
14.
地质过程中,氯可以影响很多元素的性质。本文利用前人的实验数据,模拟计算不同压力和初始含水量等条件下,氯在岩浆和共存富水流体相中浓度随岩浆结晶分异的变化。结果显示,在岩浆演化之初,氯在各种压力下都基本留在岩浆中,表现出高度不相容元素的特点。对于结晶分异晚期的岩浆体系,氯的行为受压力的影响较大。在低压下,氯在岩浆/富水流体之间的分配系数较高,水是否达到饱和对氯在岩浆中的含量变化影响不大。随着压力的升高,该系数迅速降低。在中等压力下,岩浆中水含量一旦达到饱和,大量的氯进入流体相,形成高盐度的流体,氯在岩浆中的含量即迅速降低。随着岩浆分异的进行,共存的流体中的氯含量也随之降低。在更高的压力下,水无法达到饱和,氯始终表现为高度不相容的特点。氯的上述性质可以很好地解释它在很多结晶分异程度较低的火山岩玻璃(如MORB和OIB)中表现为高度不相容的特点,也可以帮助理解氯在侵入岩和喷出岩中性质的差别,以及“花岗岩大岩体不成矿,小岩体成大矿”的现象。 相似文献
15.
A petrological and geochemical study on time-series samples from Klyuchevskoy volcano,Kamchatka arc 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To understand the generation and evolution of mafic magmas from Klyuchevskoy volcano in the Kamchatka arc, which is one of the most active arc volcanoes on Earth, a petrological and geochemical study was carried out on time-series samples from the volcano. The eruptive products show significant variations in their whole-rock compositions (52.0–55.5 wt.% SiO2), and they have been divided into high-Mg basalts and high-Al andesites. In the high-Mg basalts, lower-K and higher-K primitive samples (>9 wt.% MgO) are present, and their petrological features indicate that they may represent primary or near-primary magmas. Slab-derived fluids that induced generation of the lower-K basaltic magmas were less enriched in melt component than those associated with the higher-K basaltic magmas, and the fluids are likely to have been released from the subducting slab at shallower levels for the lower-K basaltic magmas than for higher-K basaltic magmas. Analyses using multicomponent thermodynamics indicates that the lower-K primary magma was generated by ~13% melting of a source mantle with ~0.7 wt.% H2O at 1245–1260?°C and ~1.9 GPa. During most of the evolution of the volcano, the lower-K basaltic magmas were dominant; the higher-K primitive magma first appeared in AD 1932. In AD 1937–1938, both the lower-K and higher-K primitive magmas erupted, which implies that the two types of primary magmas were present simultaneously and independently beneath the volcano. The higher-K basaltic magmas evolved progressively into high-Al andesite magmas in a magma chamber in the middle crust from AD 1932 to ~AD 1960. Since then, relatively primitive magma has been injected continuously into the magma chamber, which has resulted in the systematic increase of the MgO contents of erupted materials with ages from ~AD 1960 to present. 相似文献
16.
The Trinity ophiolite consists of small magma chambers inside a large mantle body. Xenoliths of mantle peridotite occur both in gabbroic cumulates along the walls and in the matrices of ultrabasic breccias on the floors of the magma chambers. Field relationships and petrographic data suggest that these fragments of original mantle peridotite were modified by contact with basic magmas by modal metasomatism. Quantitative elemental mass transfers determined from the composition, volume and density variations of reacting minerals demonstrate both closed and open system conditions for the major (Si, Al, Ti, Na, Ca, Fe and Mg) and trace elements (Cr, Ni). In the open system, material gains and losses provide information on the composition of the fluid taking part in the metasomatic reaction.
During a first stage of metasomatism the mantle xenoliths were affected by high-temperature reactions at 600 to 925°C. They resulted from the interaction between solid mantle lherzolites and basic melts. The reactions are:
1. (1)those forming orthopyroxene-magnetite simplectite
2. (2)those forming plagioclase-magnetite corona
3. (3)clinopyroxene+spinel I→pargasitic hornblende+spinel II.
Chemical interactions between the upper mantle and oceanic magma chambers occurred as soon as the basic magmas had ascended through the upper mantle. The chemically modified magmas, within oceanic magma chambers, were depleted in Ti, Fe and Na. This could partly explain regional variations of the chemical compositions of primary magmas produced beneath slow-spreading ridges. The breakdown of olivine to orthopyroxene and magnetite participates in the control of the partition of magnetic Fe---Ti oxides between oceanic crust and mantle.
During the second stage, the serpentinization of olivine and the production of talc were superimposed on the products of the first stage. These reactions require large amounts of H2O. The hydrothermal fluid was probably seawater. It circulated in the brecciated area along the walls and floors of the magma chambers located at shallow depths. Such structural discontinuities thus played the role of penetration channels favoring seawater circulation in the oceanic crust.
All the chemical reactions examined suggest a significant open-system element transfer by infiltrating melts or circulating fluids. The results of this study suggest that caution is required in the interpretation of mineralogical and chemical information provided by mantle xenoliths carried to the surface by ascending magmas. 相似文献
17.
Major and trace element analyses for 103 volcanoes of the Quaternary West Eifel volcanic field show the lavas to be dominantly
primitive (MgO>7 wt.%) and potassic (Na2O/K2O∼1). The rocks are divided into (1) a foidite (F)-suite, volumetrically dominant and consisting of four types: leucitites
and nephelinites, melilite-bearing foidites, olivine-free foidites, sodalite-bearing melilite-free foidites, and (2) a younger
olivine-nephelinite and basanite (ONB)-suite, concentrated in the southeastern part of the field. Dominantly cpx-phyric F-suite
magmas differ from the dominantly ol-phyric ONB-suite mainly in higher K2O/ Na2O and CaO/Al2O3-ratios, higher Rb, Cu, H2O, CO2 and LREE concentrations and slightly lower Sr, Ni and Y contents. Most magmas have fractionated small amounts of olivine,
clinopyroxene, and minor phlogopite. Systematic compositional variations within volcanoes or volcano groups are rare. Five
more differentiated volcanoes (2 tephrites, 3 phonolites) occur in the center of the field. Their magmas are interpreted to
have formed by fractionation within crustal magma chambers.
Chemical differences between primary magmas (43% of volcanoes sampled) within both suites can be explained by different degrees
of crystal fractionation at high pressures in the ascending magma column and possibly by varying degrees of partial melting
(about 2–8%) in a garnetlherzolite mantle source. Distinct isotope ratios, parallel element variations, and different ratios
of similarly incompatible elements, however, indicate a heterogeneous mantle beneath the West Eifel. The F-suite magmas originated
from a mantle source more strongly enriched in alkalis and incompatible elements than the ONB-suite mantle source. The following
model is proposed, based also on experimental studies and geophysical data: Within a large low velocity body of garnet-lherzolite,
enriched in fluids and LIL elements (metasomatized mantle) between about 50 and 150 km depth, two different magma types were
produced at different depths. Above a detachment level at about 50 km depth, these magmas rose to different stagnation levels
or rapidly directly to the surface along vertical, dominantly NW-SE orientated fissures. The F-suite magmas probably formed
in a phlogopite-bearing, CO2-rich, strongly metasomatized source at about 100 km, the ON-Bmagmas from an amphibole-bearing, CO2-poorer melting anomaly at about 60–75 km depth. 相似文献
18.
岩浆作用的物理过程研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
概略地介绍了８０年代以来硅酸盐熔体及硅酸盐晶－液悬浮体的密度、粘度、熔体结构、流全动力学等方面的研究动向,及其对岩浆作用、岩浆运移、岩浆侵位机制的动力学约束条件,硅酸盐熔体的结构是制约熔粘度的主导因素,化学成分对熔体匠控制是通过改变熔体结构而实现的,粘度在一定程度上决定着岩浆的迁移、侵痊和喷发方式。密度和浮力是岩浆上升侵位的重要约束,地壳是岩交涉升的一个密度过滤器岩浆最终由于浮和的消失而停止上升。 相似文献
19.
为了深入了解日本东北俯冲带的地震构造及火山活动,利用布设在日本列岛上密集地震台网所记录到的高质量浅震及深震到时数据,反演求得了该区域地壳及上地幔的三维P波和S波速度结构。为了最大程度地利用地震数据提取模型空间中更为精细的速度结构信息,采用不规则网格模型采进行地震层析成像反演。所得的高分辨率成像结果清晰地显示,2008年岩手地震(M 7.2)位于高低速异常的转换区,而且震源区的地壳介质非均匀性极强。在震源区的下地壳及上地幔顶部存在着明显的低速异常,可能代表了岛弧岩浆和流体在该深度处的储集。研究结果表明,2008年岩手地震的产生受到了来自上地幔楔的岩浆和流体的影响,且这些岩浆和流体与俯冲太平洋板块的脱水作用有着密切的联系。 相似文献
20.
介绍了洋中脊玄武岩浆、岛弧岩浆、地幔热柱成因的玄武质岩浆、俯冲带岩浆、长英质岩浆、的生成问题;岩浆运移的理论及制约因素;混合岩浆的成因机制及其有关标志。 相似文献