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《中国煤炭地质》2015,(7)
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘发育石炭-二叠纪和侏罗纪两套含煤岩系,由北向南发育五大煤田,煤层发育,厚度较大,煤炭资源量丰富。石炭-二叠系煤层煤级高,Ro值为0.51%~1.89%,均值为0.95%,以肥煤、焦煤、无烟煤为主,宏观煤岩成分以暗煤和亮煤为主,煤岩类型主要为半亮煤和半暗煤;侏罗系煤层煤级低,Ro值为0.5%~2.7%,均值为0.72%,以气煤、不黏煤、长焰煤为主,宏观煤岩成分以暗煤为主,煤岩类型主要为半暗煤和暗淡煤为主。两套煤层煤岩显微组分均以镜质组和壳质组为主,属于Ⅲ型(腐殖型)有机质,煤的变质程度均为低成熟到高成熟阶段,具有良好的生气潜能,以生成湿气为主。侏罗系煤层孔隙度高于石炭-二叠系煤层,而石炭-二叠系煤层吸附性能强于侏罗系煤层,煤层含气性较好。 相似文献
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对神府大柳塔矿区 2 - 2煤层系统的煤岩学研究表明 ,该煤层以镜质体和丝质体为主 ,其它组分较少 ,矿物质中以粘土类和石英为主 ,显微煤岩类型以两组分微类型为主 ,宏观煤岩类型以半暗煤和半亮煤为主 ,壳质组具有较强的荧光 ,其荧光光谱为单峰形 ,不同的壳质组分其荧光特征不同 相似文献
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神府大柳塔2^—2煤层煤岩学特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对神府大柳塔矿区２＾－２煤层系统的煤岩学研究表明,该煤层以镜质体和丝质为主,其它组分较少,矿物质中以粘土类和石英为主,显微煤岩类型以两组分微类型为主,宏观煤岩类型以半暗煤和半亮煤为主,壳质组具有较强的荧光,其荧光光谱为单峰形,不同的壳质组分其荧光特征不同。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2017,(6)
煤岩煤质是分析含煤岩系沉积环境的重要参数。以鲁西汶宁煤田新驿煤矿为例,采用煤岩学、地球化学和沉积学相结合的方法,通过采样、测试及相关分析手段,发现受到海水影响较弱的山西组煤层的宏观煤岩类型以半亮型-半暗型煤为主,微观煤岩类型以微三合煤为主;而受到海水影响较强的太原组煤层的宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤为主,微观煤岩类型以微镜煤占绝对优势。山西组煤层显微组分中的镜质体以基质镜质体为主,惰质组以火焚丝质体为主,壳质组分以小孢子体和树皮体为主;太原组煤层显微组分均以基质镜质体、均质镜质体为主,惰性组氧化丝质体为主,壳质组以小孢子体为主。煤质特征与成煤环境也表现很大差异性,受海水影响较小的山西组煤层具灰分产率高、挥发分低、全硫含量低等特点;而受海水影响较强的太原组煤层具灰分产率低、挥发分高、全硫含量高等特点。最后发现,全硫含量分布能够反映出海侵特征,即全硫含量分布高的部位代表着区内最初接受海侵地区。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地东南缘下—中侏罗统煤层沿阿尔金山前断续分布,其煤岩、煤质与典型的西北侏罗纪煤层具有明显不同。通过对和田布雅、于田普鲁、且末红柳沟等煤矿主采煤层样品进行煤岩、煤质鉴定及煤化指标等一系列综合研究分析,结果表明,主采煤层以光亮煤、半亮煤为主,其次是半暗煤、暗淡煤;煤岩组分以镜质组为主,壳质组含量少,具中-高镜惰比。因成煤沼泽的还原程度促进了无机硫分的形成,煤中全硫含量随镜质组含量的增加呈现逐渐增高的趋势,且煤层硫分与灰分整体具有明显的负相关关系。此外,煤层挥发分受不同种类硫分的影响,亦有明显差异性变化。在民丰凹陷中-高硫煤中,硫分以无机硫为主,随着硫分的升高挥发分亦有升高趋势;瓦石峡凹陷中-低硫煤受有机硫控制,对挥发分产率的影响不明显。民丰凹陷煤层的灰分指数高于瓦石峡凹陷,可见后者的成煤沼泽环境潜水面要比前者高得多。针对上述诸多因素分析,进一步揭示塔东南地区煤岩、煤质多样性变化受断陷湖盆以及局部水体较深的还原型沼泽环境控制,最终形成了中-高挥发分、中-低灰分、中-低硫分的煤质及富镜贫惰的煤岩特征。 相似文献
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通过对蔚县煤田下花园组煤中植物残体——分散角质层、半丝炭化木材等研究,结合非煤层中植物化石和孢粉组合特征分析,认为泥炭沼泽植物群落主要由松柏类、银杏类、苏铁类和蕨类组成,它们都是本区成煤的重要物质来源。这种森林体系代表了一种温暖潮湿、雨量充沛的古气候条件。煤中丝炭及半丝炭化组分含量丰富是泥炭堆积速度快于盆地基底沉降速度,并最终导致泥炭沼泽覆水浅,泥炭层多处于相对干燥、氧化环境的表现。不同煤层中丝炭及半丝炭化组分含量的差异,为煤层对比提供了新的依据。 相似文献
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Weihua Ao Wenhui Huang Chengmin Weng Xiuling Xiao Dameng Liu Xiuyi Tang Ping Chen Zhigen Zhao Huan Wan Robert B. Finkelman 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(1):85-95
Multiple sets of thick coal beds characterized by simple structure and shallow burial depth were developed in the Early and Middle Jurassic strata of the Ordos Basin,northwestern China.The huge reserves of this high quality coal have a high commercial value.We studied the coal’s petrologic characteristics and its maceral distribution to determine the maceral’s contribution to generation of oil and gas.The results show that the Jurassic coals in the Ordos Basin have special penological features because of the Basin’s unique depositional environment which was mainly a series of high-stand swamps in the upper fluvial system.These petrographic features are a result of the development of typical inland lakes where some sand bodies were formed by migrating rivers.After burial,the peat continued to undergo oxidizing conditions,this process generated extensive higher inertinile contents in the coals and the vitrinite components were altered to semi-vitrinite.The macroscopic petrographic types of these Jurassic coals are mainly semi-dull coal,dull coal,semilustrous and lustrous coal.The proportions of semi-dull coal and dull coal are higher in the basin margins,especially in the area near the northern margin.The numbers of semilustrous and lustrous coals increase southwards and towards the central basin.This situation indicates that different coal-forming swamp environments have major controlling effects on the coal components.Another observation is that in the Ordos" coal sequences,especially in the lower part,some sandstone beds are thick,up to 20 m with a coarse grain size.The higher fusinite content in the macerals accompanies a higher semi-vitrinite content with more complete and regular plant cell structure.The fusinite structure is clear and well preserved.After burial,the lithology of the roof and floor rocks can continue to affect the evolution of coal petrology.The sand bodies in the roof and floor exhibit good physical conditions so that pore water can maintain a long-term state of oxidation,circulation and connection to the coal.So coal components remain in an oxidation environment for a long time.Conversely,in the basin center,lacustrine facies developed and peat was rapidly covered by mudstone after burial and subsequent coal beds rapidly entered a reducing environment.As a result,abundant gelatification occurred and the vitrinite content increased.Exinite often accumulated in a specific position in the coal bed.Although the average exinite content is not high on the whole,it does significantly contribute to the total hydrocarbon generation. The exinite content has been underestimated,especially the amorphous bituminous fluid and its importance is emphasized here.The reason is that the fluid flows easily into fusinite which has strong rigidity,or flows into some fissures,where it is commonly neglected. 相似文献
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新疆准东煤田五彩湾矿区西山窑组煤层厚度稳定,分布广泛,煤质优良.笔者从成因角度运用煤田地质学、煤岩学、煤地球化学及沉积学等,进一步探讨西山窑组巨厚煤层煤岩组分特征、煤相类型.结果表明,煤层微观煤岩以镜质组为主,惰性组次之,含少量壳质组.相学分析表明,该区聚煤沼泽类型以湿地森林沼泽相为主,干燥森林沼泽相次之.少数样品指示成煤过程中短时期、周期性深覆水或开阔水域沼泽相存在.煤相分析显示威煤环境具网状河三角洲沼泽相沉积特征.煤岩和煤相分析为聚煤环境分析、煤质评价和预测、煤的可选性评价等提供科学依据. 相似文献
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通过对主煤层煤岩组分对比发现,沙尔湖煤田煤显微煤岩组分以惰质组分为主,组分因埋深不同有差异.利用镜质组与惰质组组份含量比例关系,推测煤层在沼泽积水较深还原环境中形成.煤中惰质组分含量较高,说明成煤期地壳缓慢上升,沼泽积水变浅的氧化环境.煤田自西向东主煤层形成时期沼泽积水深浅(地壳升降)变化韵律一致,早期深水中心偏向东部(葛洲坝煤矿方向),晚期深水中心偏向西部(格鑫煤矿方向),东部持续缓慢抬升使成煤阶段处于氧化环境,惰质组含量逐渐增高,并明显高于西部.同时,煤中无机质含量较高,反映当时为水动力条件较弱的成煤环境.据巨厚煤层产出、聚煤中心赋存(直接在二叠系老地层上)和煤层稳定性及变化趋势多方煤层特征,认为沙尔湖煤田巨厚煤层的形成具异地成煤特点. 相似文献
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以沉积学、煤岩学和煤相学理论为指导,运用煤相参数,结合宏观、微观煤岩特征分析煤相类型。结果表明:研究区宏观煤岩类型以暗淡型煤为主,显微煤岩类型以微镜惰煤为主,煤田西北部属潮湿-弱覆水环境,东南部属极潮湿-覆水环境;西北部煤层沼泽类型为干燥森林沼泽相,东南部以潮湿森林沼泽相为主,次为干燥森林沼泽相,沉积环境主要为浅沼相。综合分析认为,库姆塔格煤田煤层形成环境为低水位微弱水动力条件下、以潮湿森林沼泽为主、干燥森林沼泽次之的浅沼相,煤岩和煤相分析为聚煤环境分析、煤质评价、煤层对比等提供科学依据。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地侏罗纪含煤地层沉积有机相研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
准噶尔盆地侏罗纪煤系是一套良好的生油源岩，其生油潜力取决于沉积有机相。笔者依据有机岩石学研究方法，利用显微组分的多种特性，将侏罗纪沉积期划分成高位沼泽、森林沼泽、流水沼泽和开阔水体４种沉积有机相类型，其中森林沼泽有机相和流水沼泽有机相是主要的生烃有机相，森林沼泽有机相是煤成气的主要源区，流水沼泽有机相则是煤成油的主要源区。 相似文献
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根据鄂尔多斯盆地神木煤田延安组1~(-1)、1~(-2)及2~(-2)煤层的平均光泽和结构特征,划分出了12种宏观煤岩类型。显微研究表明,该区煤中均质镜质体的含量较高,且多为草本植物和灌木类所组成,因此认为根皮镜质体的大量存在是该区煤的主要煤岩特征之一。此外,一些过渡型显微组分,如半镜质体和半丝质体的含量也相对高。依据因子分析和聚类分析结果并结合凝胶化指数和结构保存指数,划分出4种沼泽相:开阔水域水生植物淤泥相、深覆水草甸沼泽相、浅覆水草本灌木混生沼泽相和陆地森林沼泽相。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):89-93
Investigation of bituminous-coal macerals, accomplished through the Institut für Brennstoff Chemie (Fuel Chemistry Institute) of Aachen, is summarized here. Coal from five Ruhr coal beds was processed to obtain pure macerals in quantities sufficient to study their individual structure and chemical composition. Vitrinite, micrinite and exinite were recovered accordingly, and their chemical and physical properties studied; detailed, graphical interpretation of these data has been included. Chemical composition is derived for vitrinite, exinite, micrinite, and fusinite individually. Chemical structure of the macerals is discussed in relation to aromatically bound carbon content. It has been possible thus far, to determine maceral properties with respect to coalification rank as well as to indicate differentiation of these properties in macerals from the same coal bed. --D. D. Fisher. 相似文献