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1.
湖泊生物碳酸盐形成于湖水底层,化学碳酸盐形成于湖水表层;处于湖积物同一层位的两种成因类型的碳酸盐氧同位素组成(δ18O)差异可能反映了二者形成时的环境差异,如湖泊不同深度的水温差异、碳酸盐质生物如介形类小生境水体δ18O值、两种成因碳酸盐形成的时间先后、湖泊表层水体蒸发情况等。在进行碳酸盐δ18O环境意义分析时,应分开测试生物碳酸盐和化学碳酸盐δ18O。 相似文献
2.
对前人提出的湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素组成（δ18Oc）多种环境解释模型作了评述,指出了各种模型存在的局限性。提出在利用δ18Oc变化进行气候和环境变化研究时,需注意气温对湖泊δ18Oc的影响机制,湖水不同深度层的水温差异对化学沉积和介壳碳酸盐δ18Oc的影响δ18Oc和湖泊水位、降水δ18Oc、湖水盐度的关系,碎屑和自生碳酸盐矿物的分离,湖泊不同碳酸盐矿物间δ18Oc差值的确定,单矿物同位素组成的测试,不同前处理方法对δ18Oc测定的影响,以及碳酸盐沉积时的不平衡效应等问题。 相似文献
3.
4.
青海湖Q14B沉积物柱芯560~415 cm(约14.0~10.5 ka B.P.)段,介壳1δ8O高于无机碳酸盐1δ8O可能反映了此时青海湖表层水温高于底层水温;介壳1δ8O与无机碳酸盐1δ8O之间的较小差值可能揭示了此时青海湖水位很浅,气候干冷;介壳1δ8O变幅大于无机碳酸盐1δ8O变幅,则可能源于此时青海湖水位大幅度波动导致的底层水温变幅超过表层,以及无机碳酸盐1δ8O测自全碳酸盐所致。在利用湖泊碳酸盐1δ8O进行气候及环境变化研究时,有必要分别测试不同种属介形虫及不同无机碳酸盐矿物的同位素值。 相似文献
5.
湖泊自生碳酸盐碳同位素组成(δ13Cc)在区域气候与环境变化方面的应用研究近年来进展迅速,成果显著,保存在各类湖泊沉积物柱芯中的δ13Cc记录揭示了湖表水体与大气CO2的交换程度、暖季降水量的多少、流域C3和C4植被变化情况、水生生物光合作用或呼吸作用强弱、湖泊生产力大小、湖泊水体化学特征、湖水不同深度层的有机质变化过程等重要的气候和环境信息;对此进行归纳和述评。 相似文献
6.
湖泊自生碳酸盐δ18O(δ18Oc)是研究湖泊水体同位素平衡和气候变化的重要环境同位素指标。由于δ18Oc与湖水δ18O(δ18Ow)密切相关,前人建立了δ18Ow的计算公式,这方面的研究对于δ18Oc环境意义的正确判读十分重要。δ18Ow计算公式中的平衡分馏系数α和平衡富集系数ε各有几种计算形式,当两个参数同时出现时,其计算形式须正确组合:当α>1时,ε=α-1或ε=1-1/α;当α<1时,ε=1-α或ε=1/α-1。其中"α>1,ε=α-1"组合最常用。 相似文献
7.
《热带地理》2016,(3)
对近些年来国内外广泛争议的话题——中国季风区岩溶洞穴沉积氧同位素组成(δ~(18)O)的气候指示意义进行了梳理,简要介绍了有关争议各方的主要观点。同时针对中国季风区洞穴沉积δ~(18)O的研究提出了几个重要问题:同位素平衡分馏的检验问题、洞穴沉积δ~(18)O记录的相似性(重复性)与差异性,以及洞穴通风可能对洞穴沉积δ~(18)O记录的影响等。这些问题涉及到洞穴沉积δ~(18)O记录与气候指标之间的联系机制,对其探讨可能有助于解决有关争议。因此,建议在今后的研究中应该重点关注这些问题,因为洞穴沉积δ~(18)O与气候环境指标之间的联系机制是中国季风区内应用洞穴沉积δ~(18)O进行古气候古环境研究的基础。 相似文献
8.
通过对滇池剖面沉积物质量磁化率、δ18O、δ13C同位素、粒度、矿物成分、CaCO3、有机质、铁、粘土矿物元素的测定,利用210Pb测年,恢复了滇池地区近700年来的气候变化。通过对湖泊沉积记录的分析,发现滇池经历了两个高湖水期和一个低湖水期,具有明显的200年气候周期性;本区气候变化具有冷湿-暖干的气候变化特征。滇池沉积记录包含了人类活动的信息,揭示了人类疏挖海口河,改变了湖泊沉积速率;最近十几年,工农业活动污染物进入湖泊,改变了湖泊的营养度,是滇池迅速富营养化的阶段。 相似文献
9.
介形虫化石壳体被认为是反映古湖泊沉积环境的理想对象。在过去的30年,介形虫壳体的δ13C和δ18O测定已经被广泛应用到湖泊沉积古气候及古环境的重建。由于湖泊生物碳酸盐样品不同的前处理方法可能会影响到稳定同位素测试结果的重现性和辨析率以及实验室之间数据的可比性,采用有效的方法对介形虫壳体进行预处理是保证介壳稳定同位素测试的一个关键环节。在总结目前常用的湖泊生物碳酸盐稳定同位素测试样品处理方法的基础上,通过对青海湖现代和古代沉积物中介形虫的测定,讨论各种处理方法对介形虫壳体稳定同位素测试结果(δ13C和δ18O)的影响。实验表明:不同处理方法对所测介壳样品的δ13C值和δ18O值不会产生大的影响,在介壳样品的稳定同位素测试之前不需要对介壳样品进行处理。 相似文献
10.
湖积物中不同无机碳酸盐矿物常常混杂在一起,其氧同位素组成(δ18O)差异会影响碳酸盐δ18O环境信息提取的可靠性。不同矿物之间δ18O差值明显且幅度不一。20~25℃时生成的白云石比共生的方解石富集18O可能为0‰~9‰不等,亦或方解石比白云石可能更富集18O达0‰~12.3‰。常温状态,相同条件下形成的文石δ18O值较方解石高出0‰~1‰,或者方解石较文石δ18O值高出0‰~4.47‰。镁方解石中MgCO3的mol百分含量每增加1%,其δ18O值相对于纯方解石δ18O值增加0.06‰~0.17‰。在利用碳酸盐δ18O进行气候及环境研究时,不能根据某种差值进行校正,而应进行单矿物测试。由此,对不同无机碳酸盐矿物的分离及同位素测试、推算方法进行了归纳和述评。 相似文献
11.
湖泊古水温乃至古气温的定量反演,可以促进过去全球变化研究由定性走向定量。目前利用湖泊碳酸盐对湖泊古水温进行重建主要有三种方式,一是运用同位素地质温度计原理,利用水温与湖泊碳酸盐氧同位素值和湖水氧同位素值三者之间的函数关系,对湖泊古水温做定量研究;二是通过测定介壳[Mg2+]/[Ca2+]进而重建古水温;三是通过测定湖泊流域范围内现代水文气象参数及一些相关的同位素资料直接建立起湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素值与温度间的统计模型。各种方法有不同的适用条件和适用范围及其一定的局限性,对此做了归纳和评述。 相似文献
12.
青海湖是我国内陆最大的闭流型水体,地处东亚季风和西风的交汇影响区,对区域降水的改变等气候变化反应敏感,其水位变化历史是研究区域季风环境演变极其宝贵和重要的环境档案。青海湖Q14B孔岩芯介壳δ18Oc变化曲线自1991年发表以来,受到国内外同行的广泛关注和继续探讨。依据近年来青海湖气候与环境演变研究的最新研究结果和个人对闭流型湖泊同位素地球化学的认识,对介壳δ18Oc变化曲线进行了重新判读并得出以下结论:14.5~10.5 ka B.P.,青海湖区气候已逐渐从干冷向温湿过渡,季风降水逐渐增加;10.8~10.5 ka B.P.,青海湖处于碳酸盐滩湖环境,湖水深度从几米演变到接近干涸;10.5~9.5 kaB.P.,季风降水增加;9.5~8 ka B.P,湖水位从此前的接近干涸演变到此间的2~8 m,δ18Oc值跌落到一个较低的位置;8~3.5ka B.P,气候条件相对稳定,湖水不断蒸发引起重同位素的富集;3.5~0ka B.P,湖水处于同位素稳定阶段。研究结果还显示,δ18Oc值的短期波动与湖泊水位短期变化关系密切且明显,即水位高低分别对应δ18Oc的低值与高值。δ18Oc值的长期变化与湖泊水位长期变化关系不明显,水位较浅时,二者几乎无关联;水位较深时,水位的长期缓慢下降自然会导致δ18Oc逐渐攀升,而水位的长期缓慢上升也可以伴随δ18Oc逐渐攀升。 相似文献
13.
Isotopic evolution and climate paleorecords: modeling boundary effects in groundwater-dominated lakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We used an isotopic mass-balance model to examine how the hydrogeologic setting of lakes influences isotopic response of evaporating
lake water to idealized hydroclimatic changes. The model uses a monthly water and isotope balance approach with simplified
water-column structure and groundwater exchanges. The framework for comparative simulations is provided by lakes in a region
of the Northern Rocky Mountains that display high interlake geochemical variability, thought to be controlled by groundwater
hydraulics. Our analysis highlights several isotopic effects of flow between aquifers and lakes, leading to possible divergence
of isotopic paleorecords formed under a common climate. Amplitude of isotopic variation resulting from simulated climate forcing
was greatly damped when high groundwater fluxes and/or low lake volume resulted in low lake fluid residence time. Differing
precipitation and evaporation scenarios that are equivalent in annual fluid balance (P−E) resulted in different isotopic signatures,
interpreted as a result of evaporation kinetics. Concentrating low-δ groundwater inflow during spring months raised springtime
lake δ values, a counterintuitive result of coincidence between times of high groundwater inflow and the evaporation season.
Transient effects of reduced fluid balance caused excursions opposite in sign from eventual steady-state isotopic shifts resulting
from enhanced groundwater inflow dominance. Lags in response between climate forcing and isotopic signals were shortened by
high groundwater fluxes and resulting short lake residence times. Groundwater-lake exchange exerts control over patterns of
lake isotopic response to evaporation through effects on lake residence time, inflow composition, and seasonal timing of inflow
and outflow. Sediments from groundwater-linked lakes, often used for paleoenvironmental analysis, should be expected to reflect
isotopic complexities of the type shown here.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
Sediment cores from Chappice Lake, a hypersaline, groundwater-fed lake in southeastern Alberta, have been used in previous studies to reconstruct Holocene climate using lake levels as a source for proxy climate data. This assumes that the lake is fed by a shallow groundwater system sensitive to changes in climate. In this study we use the dynamics and chemistry of groundwater entering the lake to test this hypothesis.Groundwater inputs calculated from historical records using a simple water budget were highest during periods when the precipitation deficit was high. Over specific time intervals, the expected relationship between lake volumes and climate were not always found. Feedback loops between lake levels and groundwater input, and time lags within the system are the mechanisms proposed to explain these discrepancies.Field measurements suggest discharge of a local surficial groundwater system. Slug tests reveal a high conductivity system (K = 10-5 m/s) surrounding the lake. Hydraulic heads measured in standpipe, multilevel and minipiezometers installed around Chappice Lake show that the lake is situated in a closed hydraulic head contour. Hydraulic heads and water table elevations show strong annual fluctuations corresponding to seasonal changes in recharge. Horizontal hydraulic gradients measured in areas of groundwater springs indicate a strong horizontal component of flow towards the lake. Vertical hydraulic gradients are low and indicate the upward flow of water consistent with the discharge of a shallow, surfical groundwater system.Groundwater sampled from deposits surrounding Chappice Lake and springs feeding the lake have compositions similar to both shallow surficial aquifers and bedrock aquifers suggesting that the lake may be receiving inputs from both sources. However, evaporation simulations using PHRQPITZ, show that the evaporation of water typical of bedrock aquifers result in a mineral assemblage and brine composition different from that found at Chappice Lake. This suggests that discharge of a regional groundwater system can be eliminated as a dominant source over the lake's history. Evaporation simulations suggest that evaporation of groundwater from shallow surficial deposits can best explain the present mineral assemblage and brine chemistry and were likely the dominant source of water to the lake.Bedrock and shallow surficial groundwater sources have different chemistries and isotopic compositions. In hydrogeological settings such as Chappice Lake where more than one source may contribute to the lake, the relative importance of the different sources may change with changes in climate. If the source water composition to the lake changes, identifying changes in climate or hydrology based on changes in the composition of the lake preserved in sediment core will be made more difficult. This may complicate paleoclimate and paleohydrological reconstructions that rely on mineralogical and isotopic data. 相似文献
15.
近800年来内蒙古岱海地区古气温的定量重建 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
根据对现代湖水、现生介形类壳体以及湖泊沉积岩芯中同一种属介形类壳体的Sr/Ca分析,利用现代湖水Sr/Ca与湖水盐度的关系,确定了不同沉积时期湖水盐度;其次,在室内模拟实验,建立了湖水盐度与湖水氧同位素的函数关系;结合210Pb测定沉积速率和14C测年资料,利用沉积剖面的自生碳酸盐氧同位素及由湖水盐度推算的湖水氧同位素组成,定量恢复了不同时期的湖水温度,进而根据碳酸盐结晶时水温与年均气温关系推测了古气温。结果表明:在近800年内蒙古岱海地区的气温变化序列中,中世纪暖期、现代小冰期以及近百年增温均有明显表现。研究时段内,岱海地区中世纪暖期比当代30年的年均气温高1℃以上;在公元1240年左右突然降温过程表现特别突出,在其后约60年的时段内气温下降1.8℃;小冰期最大降温幅度2℃以上,大于华北其它地区。不同于我国西部古里雅冰芯的记录,岱海地区近百年增温程度仍没有达到中世纪暖期水平,预示气候变暖对我国西部地区的影响将大于东部。 相似文献
16.
Environmental Changes at the Desert Margin: An Assessment of Recent Paleolimnological Records in Lake Qarun, Middle Egypt 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. J. Flower C Stickley N. L. Rose S Peglar A. A. Fathi P. G. Appleby 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(1):1-24
Lake Qarun has been profoundly affected by a combination of human activities and climatic changes during the past 5000 years.
Instrumental records available for the 20th century show that during most of this period both lake water level and salinity increased and that by the late 1980s lake water salinity was approximately that of seawater.
Sediment cores (c. 1 m long) were collected from this shallow (Zmax 8.4 m) saline lake in 1998 and the master core (QARU1) was used to examine the potential of paleolimnology for reconstructing
the recent environmental history of the site. According to 137Cs and 210Pb radio-assay, the recent sediment accumulation rate in QARU1 was around 5 mm year−1 during the latter half of the 20th century but radionuclide levels were low. Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) were
present in the upper c. 30 cm of QARU1 and indicates contamination by low level particulate pollution, probably beginning
around 1950. The record of exotic pollen (Casuarina) indicated that sediment at 51–52 cm depth dated to around 1930. Otherwise the pollen spectra indicated a strongly disturbed
landscape with high ruderals and increased tree planting particularly since c. 1950. Diatom records were strongly affected
by taphonomic processes including reworking and differential preservation but typical marine diatoms increased after the 1920s.
Instrumental records show that the lake became more saline at this time. Freshwater taxa were present at approximately similar
abundances throughout the core. This distribution probably reflected a combination of processes. Reworking of ancient freshwater
diatomites is one likely source for freshwater diatoms in QARU1 but some taxa must also be contributed via the freshwater
inflows. Overall, the diatom stratigraphy indicated increasingly salinity since the 1920s but provided no firm evidence of
lake eutrophication. Diatom inferred salinity reconstructions were in only partial agreement with instrumental records but
inferred for the lower section of the core (pre 20th century to the 1960s) accord with measured water salinity values. Surficial
sediments of Lake Qarun contain environmental change records for the 20th century period but high sediment accumulation rate
and pollen reflect the high degree of human disturbance in the region. Because of poor preservation and evidence of reworking,
the relationships between diatom records and past water quality changes require careful interpretation, especially in the
upper section of the core. Nevertheless, early to mid 20th century measurements of increasing lake water salinity are well
supported by sediment records, a change that is probably linked to ingress of saline ground water 相似文献
17.
Lake Agassiz water oxygen isotopic compositions inferred from sediment core organics and pore waters provide some additional insight into the paleohydrology of the Great Lakes and their drainage into the North Atlantic during the late glacial and early Holocene. Isotopically enriched Lake Agassiz water supports the hypothesis that high Huron Basin lake (Mattawa) phases, during the early Holocene (9600–9300 and 9100–8100 years BP) resulted from an influx of Lake Agassiz water and suggests that low lake (Stanley) phases (9800–9600, 9300–9100, 8100–7400 years BP) were influenced more by regional influxes of isotopically depleted glacial melt water. Eastward drainage of enriched early Lake Agassiz water supports an active Port Huron outlet between 11000 and 10500 years BP and also helps to explain the absence of an 18O depleted interval in North Atlantic foram records. This may be the result of a balance between the opposing isotopic effects of depleted Lake Agassiz water and lower sea surface temperatures on carbonate precipitation between 11000 and 10000 years BP. 相似文献