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1.
利用镜质体反射率趋势线法对南堡凹陷高柳地区、柳赞构造带、林雀次凹、柳南次凹等地区的地层剥蚀厚度进行了恢复;结合泥岩声波时差法和地层对比法,恢复了南堡凹陷东营组地层剥蚀厚度.认为利用镜质体反射率法来求取剥蚀厚度的前提是选取合适的Ro数据.当缺乏足够的单井Ro数据时,位于同一构造单元内、具有相同埋藏史的不同井的Ro位数据可以整合利用以恢复剥蚀厚度.作出了研究区地层剥蚀厚度等值线图,南堡凹陷东营组的剥蚀强度大致可分为两个区:东北部为强剥蚀区、中部为弱剥蚀区. 相似文献
2.
关于用镜质体反射率恢复地层剥蚀厚度的问题讨论 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
Wallace G.Dow 1977年提出在半对数直角座标系下,利用实测的镜质体反射率(R_0％)与其对应深度(H)的线性相关关系回归直线即称成熟度剖面估算地层剥蚀厚度的方法。本文根据镜体反射率主要受热力,其次受有效加热时间的影响且具不可逆性,对Dow的方法从理论到应用上作了进一步的探讨,并给出了通过镜质体反射率与深度的线性关系恢复地层剥蚀厚度的三种方法。 相似文献
3.
自晚三叠世以来,川西坳陷先后经历了安县运动、印支晚幕运动和喜山运动,造成工区内地层的多次抬升剥蚀,形成了多个不整合面。本次研究是通过镜质体反射率和声波时差法,恢复川西坳陷中段喜山期的剥蚀厚度。通过镜质体反射率恢复的剥蚀厚度为844 m～3 192.6 m,平均为1 642.5 m;通过声波时差法恢复的剥蚀厚度为1 015.5 m～1 676.1 m,平均为1 386.4 m。这一差值是由于工区内普遍存在的超压,对声波时差法恢复剥蚀厚度的影响造成的。剥蚀厚度恢复结果表明：川西坳陷具有从北往南剥蚀厚度减小的特征;从西往东,则表现为先变小后变大的特征。在鸭子河地区剥蚀较强、往东到马井地区剥蚀厚度变小,再往东到中江,剥蚀厚度又变大。 相似文献
4.
南黄海盆地南五凹自白垩纪以来经历了4期构造运动,其中古近纪末期三垛运动最为强烈,造成大范围的剥蚀。结合井资料,综合利用泥页岩声波时差法、镜质体反射率Ro差值法,从点上对三垛组剥蚀量进行了恢复;然后依托二维地震剖面,利用地层趋势法对该期剥蚀量进行了区域成图。结果表明,该事件中南五凹最大剥蚀厚度在凹陷西部,一般为700~950 m;东部剥蚀厚度一般为300~500 m,整体剥蚀厚度小于新近系地层补偿厚度。三垛组剥蚀量的研究对认识南五凹的成藏史及油气分布规律具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
6.
《古地理学报》2016,(6)
剥蚀厚度恢复是进行盆地埋藏史、热演化史、油气成藏等定量分析的基础。文中利用镜质体反射率法、流体包裹体法、声波时差法和地层厚度趋势法等多种方法,恢复了内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系剥蚀厚度。计算结果表明,侏罗系和白垩系总剥蚀厚度为1610.9~2177.0m;在流体包裹体法和地层厚度趋势法约束下,恢复的侏罗系剥蚀厚度为930.2~1395.3m,白垩系剥蚀厚度为0~612.1m。雅布赖盆地侏罗系剥蚀厚度"北大南小",白垩系剥蚀厚度"南大北小",反映盆地改造强度具有晚侏罗世南弱北强、早白垩世南强北弱的特征。大规模隆升剥蚀,导致地层温度下降、烃源岩遭到破坏,一定程度上制约着雅布赖盆地的烃源岩成熟演化以及油气生成。 相似文献
7.
《地学前缘》2017,(3):137-148
鄂尔多斯盆地为大型含油气盆地,是我国重要的能源基地。盆地现今地温梯度为2.8℃/100m,属于中温型盆地。根据现今地层测温及地温梯度,编制了盆地3个重要烃源岩发育层位延长组长7段、石炭二叠系、奥陶系顶面现今地温分布图,分析了3个界面现今地温分布特征。根据收集及实测的奥陶系沥青反射率资料,编制了奥陶系顶面镜质体反射率等值线平面分布图。盆地不同层位的镜质体反射率值随着深度增加或层位变老,镜质体反射率值逐渐增高,在各地层分界面处不存在镜质体反射率(Ro)明显的错断。各构造单元镜质体反射率(Ro)与深度关系曲线图差异主要表现为曲线斜率的差异及曲线接近地表起始值的差异,这两项差异反映了地温梯度及后期剥蚀厚度的差异。不同层位的镜质体反射率的高值区均位于盆地南部的庆阳—富县—延安—吴旗一带,盆地南部不同层位镜质体反射率高值区的存在表明盆地南部热演化程度高,存在热异常。盆地热演化史恢复表明早白垩世鄂尔多斯盆地发生过一期构造热事件,地层在早白垩世末达到最大古地温。早白垩世以后,鄂尔多斯盆地整体大幅度抬升剥蚀,地温梯度减小,地层冷却降温。现今地层温度远小于在早白垩世末达到的最大古地温,油气的生成主要受古地温控制。早白垩世的构造热事件控制了上、下古生界、中生界3套主要烃源岩油气的主要生成、成藏期。 相似文献
8.
台湾东部海岸山脉上新世-更新世同造山盆地记录了北吕宋岛弧与欧亚板块之间的斜向碰撞过程。目前关于该盆地的构造属性存在着两种绝然不同的认识,即“热”的弧前盆地和“冷”的碰撞盆地。本文采集了海岸山脉南部泰源向斜西翼更新统八里湾组泥岩样品,测量了其有机质的镜质体反射率(Ro)。Ro测量值的最小值、最大值和平均值与相对埋深之间的相关系数分别是0.76、0.43和0.67,反映出样品中同生镜质体在数量上远超过原生镜质体。由于同生镜质体和原生镜质体无法简单区分,本文将最小值和平均值分别作为原生镜质体平均镜质体反射率的下界和上界,采用一维盆地模拟技术计算出在给定剥蚀厚度和热流值的范围下的理论镜质体反射率。通过对比理论和实测镜质体反射率,我们发现:(1)八里湾组所有地层段与中段、上段在镜质体反射率(Ro)的偏差上具有不同的特征,意味着在中段开始沉积时下段卷入到褶皱冲断带中;(2)对于上段获得盆地剥蚀厚度解的下限是3.2～4.8 km,对应的热流值小于0.68～1.00 HFU(36.84～41.87 mW/m2),表明同造山盆地是一个“冷盆”。 相似文献
9.
剥蚀厚度恢复是进行盆地埋藏史、热演化史、油气成藏等定量分析的基础。文中利用镜质体反射率法、流体包裹体法、声波时差法和地层厚度趋势法等多种方法,恢复了内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系剥蚀厚度。计算结果表明,侏罗系和白垩系总剥蚀厚度为1610.9~2177.0,m;在流体包裹体法和地层厚度趋势法约束下,恢复的侏罗系剥蚀厚度为930.2~1395.3,m,白垩系剥蚀厚度为0~612.1,m。雅布赖盆地侏罗系剥蚀厚度“北大南小”,白垩系剥蚀厚度“南大北小”,反映盆地改造强度具有晚侏罗世南弱北强、早白垩世南强北弱的特征。大规模隆升剥蚀,导致地层温度下降、烃源岩遭到破坏,一定程度上制约着雅布赖盆地的烃源岩成熟演化以及油气生成。 相似文献
10.
本文应用回剥法及地层骨架厚度不变模型对苏北盆地高邮凹陷沉积地层进行了去压实校正,利用声波时差及镜质体反射率法对三垛期末盆地剥蚀量进行恢复,用艾里公式对盆地的构造沉降量及总沉降量进行估算,进而对苏北盆地高邮凹陷晚白垩世—新生代沉降史进行分析。研究表明：高邮凹陷为典型的裂陷盆地,经过了拗断期-断拗期-断陷期-坳陷期的盆地演化阶段。演化过程经历了三期沉降和两期隆升。在不同的阶段凹陷的沉降中心略有不同,其受主边界断层的控制,围绕着边界断层呈串珠状分布。 相似文献
11.
《International Journal of Coal Geology》2005,61(3-4):223-239
The aim of this study was first to review or even identify reliable diagnostic criteria to distinguish recycled and autochthonous vitrinite particles and, second, to examine and try to explain the impact of weathering and reburial on optical changes (reflectance) of recycled material. The work was based on indigenous and recycled particles of two sample sets from two wells drilled in the Senegalese margin basin and the Ardèche paleomargin (SE France), respectively. In addition to reflectance measurements, the studied samples have also been analysed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. For both sample sets, hydrogen index (HI) and oxygen index (OI) values suggest a type III organic matter of dominant terrestrial origin.Two main diagnostic criteria appear particularly useful to identify indigenous and recycled vitrinite particles: the first is the clear genetic relationship between telinite and collotelinite; the second is the presence of pyrite framboid inclusions in indigenous vitrinite. The pyrite–vitrinite association illustrates the relationship between sulphate reduction, pyritisation, and in situ organic matter transformation through gelification process. However, application of both diagnostic criteria requires some additional information about depositional conditions (i.e., anoxicity) and thermal maturity of the studied samples. Weathering has no or only very limited effect on vitrinite reflectance. During their new burial history, recycled vitrinites follow a reflectance evolution path close to that of inertinites and thus appear as transitional materials between vitrinite and inertinite macerals. Consistently, this behaviour implies that recycled vitrinite reflectance changes during burial diagenesis do not solely depend on their chemical composition but, most probably too, on combined chemical and structural changes inherited from their past burial history and from the impact of weathering during their recycling stage. 相似文献
12.
Graptolite, Chitinozoan and Scolecodont Reflectances and Their Use as Indicators of Thermal Maturity
Based on studies of the reflectance of Ordovician and Silurian zooclasts from 11 sections around the Huangling Anticline, Hubei, China, combined with determination of the conodont colour alteration indices (CAI) and of infrared spectroscopy of dispersed organic matter from the same or adjacent horizons, it is further proved that reflectances of graptolites, chitinozoans and scolecldonts, like vitrinite and natural bitumen, increase with increasing maturation, but follow different reflectance paths. They may be used, therefore, as thermal maturation indicators. Graptolites display optically strong anisotropy. The maximum reflectance measured from graptolite on polished section cut parallel to the bedding plane is the most suitable for determination of maturation of their host rocks. In polished section chitinozoan and scolecodont show reflectance, but no bireflectance owing to their isotropy. The random reflectance of chitinozoans is higher than that of scolecodonts in the case of the same maturity. By analysing the distribution trends of graptolite, chitionzoan and scolecodont reflectances, the Ordovician and Silurian strata can be subdivided into three areas of maturation in the present region. The potential of oil or gas generation is discussed for each area. The result is basically coincident with the distribution pattern of regional organic maturation presented by CAI and infrared spectroscopic determination of organic matter. 相似文献
13.
R.M. Bustin 《Tectonophysics》1983,95(3-4)
Measurement of the levels of organic maturation below and within shear zones of thrust faults in the Rocky Mountains has revealed no general thermal metamorphism that can be attributed to faulting, with the exception of very localized areas. With few exceptions the vitrinite reflectance values obtained are in the range expected if the maximum level of organic maturation was produced as a result of increasing temperature during progressive burial accompanying sedimentation. Only at Marias Pass evidence has been found to suggest additional maturation as a result of post-orogenic burial below the thrust sheets. Anomalously high vitrinite reflectances obtained from the Lewis thrust, McConnell thrust, Coleman thrust and two unnamed thrusts, are restricted to very narrow films immediatly adjacent to, or within the shear zone which, considering any reasonable thermal conductivity, indicates elevated temperatures were very short lived. The anomalously high vitrinite reflectances within these films, when compared to laboratory heated coals, suggest temperatures in the order of 350°-650°C were locally generated during faulting. Such high temperatures are considered to have been generated during stick-slip faulting at macro-asperities or at ramps on the fault plane where local, and possibly transient, high frictional stresses existed. The absence of evidence for extensive frictional heating supports previous arguments that stable-sliding and/or low frictional stress must exist during thrusting. 相似文献
14.
Late Cretaceous to Paleogene tectonic episodes around the eastern Eurasian margin are described utilizing one-dimensional (1D) basin modeling technique on the basis of organic maturation; vitrinite reflectance and Tmax parameter values of the Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Fine-grained marine sediment of the Yezo Supergroup in central Hokkaido is one of the most extensive Cretaceous constituents along the plate margin. To evaluate organic maturation within the Yezo Supergroup, a surface section (Hakkin-zawa) and a deep borehole (MITI Yubari) were selected, from which quite different maturation trends were obtained. Notably low and constant maturation was suggested throughout the thick Hakkin-zawa section, and it was confirmed on the basis of various biomarker analyses. It requires anomalously rapid burial, probably related to thrust-stacking or large-scale slumping, followed by prompt tilting/exhumation event. In sharp contrast, Late Cretaceous strata in the MITI Yubari do not indicate coeval tectonic disturbances in a short period. A wider view of the ancient convergent margin suggests that deformation of the forearc propagated westward during the Cretaceous. High maturation levels in the uppermost thrust sheet around the MITI Yubari are optimized in 1D geochemical modeling on the assumption that a thick missing Paleogene unit has been eroded out as a result of thrust-forming contraction scheme emerged during the Neogene. A similar Cenozoic burial pattern is adopted for the once tilted and exhumed Hakkin-zawa section in order to match the present maturation levels. Although such an active subsidence of a ‘forearc’ is generally interpreted as an effect of the subduction erosion, heavy mineral composition of the shallow marine to fluvial Paleogene implies uplift and exhumation of ultramafic rocks to the east (trench-side). Thus the confined basin-formation in central Hokkaido is to be understood in a different tectonic framework that may reflect transcurrent motions on the plate margin. 相似文献
15.
Thermal maturity information has been compiled for one of the deepest parts of the Central European Basin system, the Schleswig-Holstein
area in northern Germany. New vitrinite reflectance data were obtained and old data were evaluated from a total of 31 wells.
Furthermore, numerical 1D basin modelling was performed in order to interpolate/extrapolate vitrinite reflectance data to
base Zechstein and base Keuper. For these two horizons, maturity maps were finally compiled revealing large differences in
present-day thermal maturity within the basin. For example, vitrinite reflectance at base Zechstein ranges from greater than
4.5% in the Glueckstadt Graben to less than 1% in the northern part of the study area. Highest thermal maturity of base Keuper
occurs in the West Holstein Trough and in the northern part of the Glueckstadt Graben. The timing of maturation is greatly
affected by the complex tectonic evolution of the area. For six key wells distributed over the entire study area, burial and
temperature histories as well as evolution of maturity were evaluated using 1D basin modelling. Deepest burial and maximum
temperatures occurred either during Jurassic, Upper Cretaceous or Neogene times in these wells. Only some parts of the sedimentary
package in Schleswig-Holstein show a significant increase in maturity during the Tertiary leading to additional hydrocarbon
generation and entrapment. 相似文献
16.
Gerd Rantitsch Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer Christian Hasenhüttl Barbara Russegger Thomas Rainer 《Tectonophysics》2005,411(1-4):57-72
Following Early Cretaceous nappe stacking, the Eastern Alps were affected by late-orogenic extension during the Late Cretaceous. In the eastern segment of this range, a Late Cretaceous detachment separates a very low- to low-grade metamorphic cover (Graz Paleozoic Nappe Complex, GPNC) above a low- to high-grade metamorphic basement. Synchronously, the Kainach Gosau Basin (KGB) collapsed and subsided on top of the section.Metamorphism of organic material within this section has been investigated using vitrinite reflectance data and Raman spectra of extracted carbonaceous material. In the southern part of the GPNC, vitrinite reflectance indicates a decrease in organic maturity towards the stratigraphic youngest unit. The remaining part of the GPNC is characterized by an aureole of elevated vitrinite reflectance values and Raman R2 ratios that parallels the margins of the GPNC. Vitrinite reflectance in the KGB shows a steep coalification gradient and increases significantly towards the western basin margin. The observed stratigraphic trend in the southern GPNC is a result of deep Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous burial. This maturity pattern was overprinted along the margins by advective heat and convective fluids during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene exhumation of basement rocks.During shearing, the fault zone was heated up to ca. 500 °C. This overprint is explained by a two-dimensional thermal model with a ramp-flat fault geometry and a slip rate of 1 to 1.5 cm/year during 5 Ma fault movement. The collapse basin above the detachment subsided in a thermal regime which was characterized by relaxing isotherms. 相似文献
17.
本文应用镜质体反射率、DTA-DSC热分析、脉冲元素分析等新的测试技术,对两口钻井剖面的有机地球化学资料进行研究,论证干酪根赋存于不同岩性中的各项演化参数是相近的。腐殖型分散干酪根的各项演化参数指标要比同一钻井剖面中埋藏深度相近的腐殖型煤低半个至一个煤阶。 笔者还研究了地层中往往出现的逆反希尔特定律现象的机理,认为造成上述现象是由于干酪根的赋存状态、源岩导热性、聚热、散热系数不同所导致的结果。 相似文献
18.
应用激光喇曼光谱特征参数反映有机碳质的成熟度 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
激光喇曼光谱技术具有测试简便和准确等优点，有机碳质物的激光喇曼光谱参数可以作为成熟度指标。并计算出镜质体反射率与激光喇曼光谱参数的回归关系式，喇曼光谱成熟度指标对应的成熟度范围为2.1%-15.0%(Ro)。 相似文献
19.
This paper describes an approach for verifying thermal maturity data in a large historical dataset from the Canadian Arctic Islands. A compilation of more than 6000 maturity measurements (vitrinite reflectance and Rock-Eval Tmax) collected over the span of three decades involved a rigorous assessment of data quality. Some common anomalies in interpreting thermal maturity dataset include: (i) elevated thermal maturity due to Cretaceous igneous intrusion in the region, (ii) reworking of refractory material from older rocks into younger strata during the Triassic period, (iii) suppression of vitrinite reflectance and Tmax in hydrogen-rich samples, (iv) low maturity values due to cross-contamination by the younger sediments during drilling process (caving), and (v) offset maturity values obtained from different maturity measurements. The study discusses various independent checks to verify the obtained maturity parameters. The comparison between thermal maturity data with the sonic velocity of shale resulted in a satisfactory correlation. While such a correlation may vary in different sedimentary basins, it produces a useful independent assessment of thermal maturity. The results indicate that increased heat flow during the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rifting of the Canada Basin may have caused the elevated maturity beyond the expected burial level as suggested by the discrepancy between thermal maturity and sonic velocity data. Given the fact that vitrinite reflectance records only the maximum temperature to which the enclosing rocks were exposed, deviation of the collected reflectance values from the current depth of burial serves as an indicator for the amount of geological uplift. 相似文献
20.
早古生代海相烃源岩成熟度的有机岩石学评价方法 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文应用有机岩石化学方法通过对塔里木盆地早古生代典型烃源岩研究,建立起了应用沥青反射率、微粒体反射率、动物壳属体反射率及海相镜质体反射率评价烃岩成熟度的综合标准。 相似文献