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1.
A complete sample of 104 bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the “Planck” catalog (early results) were observed at 36.8 GHz with the 22-m radio telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO).Variability indices of the sources at this frequency were determined based on data from theWMAP space observatory, theMetsa¨ hovi RadioObservatory (Finland), and the CrimeanAstrophysical Observatory. New observational results confirm that the variability of these AGNs is stronger in the millimeter than at other radio wavelengths. The variability indices probably change as a result of the systematic decrease in the AGN flux densities in the transition to the infrared. Some radio sources demonstrate significant flux-density variations, including decreases, which sometimes cause them to fall out of the analysed sample. The change of the variability index in the millimeter is consistent with the suggestion that this variability is due to intrinsic processes in binary supermassive black holes at an evolutionary stage close to coalescence. All 104 of the sources studied are well known objects that are included in various radio catalogs and have flux densities exceeding 1 Jy at 36.8 GHz.  相似文献   

2.
Fields of the Planck cosmic-microwave background maps in the regions of radio sources of the RCR catalog have been studied. Using measurements from the Planck catalog, calibration curves have been plotted in order to determine the objects’ luminosities. The flux densities at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths of 83 objects with normal radio spectra have been estimated for the first time; their spectra have also been constructed, they have been optically identified, and information available in various databases has been collected. A statistical comparison with a sample of sources with steep radio spectra has been carried out. Faint, difficult to characterize microwave sources make an additional contribution to the secondary anisotropy on angular scales < 7′. An algorithm for selecting candidate objects with the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect has been proposed, based on the use of data on the radio spectral indices and the signal in cosmic-microwave background maps.  相似文献   

3.
Results of a search for and study of variability in a complete sample of flat-spectrum radio sources (83 objects) on time scales longer than a day are reported. The data were obtained in six series of daily observations on the RATAN-600 radio telescope made over 77–103 days at six frequencies from 0.97 to 21.7 GHz and at declinations of 10°–12°30′ (J2000). Variability on time scales of 3–30 days with significance levels below 1% was detected for 19 sources. The time scales, modulation indices, and spectra of the variability derived from an analysis of the light curves, structure functions, and autocorrelation functions are presented for these sources. For a number of them, intrinsic variability and extrinsic variability due to scintillations in the turbulent interstellar medium have been separated. The obtained source characteristics are compared with those for sources at declinations 4°–6° (B1950).  相似文献   

4.
Results of radio interferometric observations of the quasar 3C 380 carried out on the URAN interferometers at decameter wavelengths and on the aperture synthesis radio telescope VLA at meter wavelengths are reported. The spectral index of an extended lobe about 10″ in size is considerably lower than at decimeter wavelengths. Below ～ 100 MHz, the ratio of the emission from the compact components associated with hot spots in the radio lobe to the total flux of the source decreases due to synchrotron self-absorption at hot spots, whose flux density at 20 MHz does not exceed 65 Jy. A halo with a full width at a half-maximum of about 40″ was detected, whose angular extent considerably exceeds the total source size measured at shorter wavelengths.  相似文献   

5.
We report the detection of long-lived sources of radio bursts accompanied by polarized background emission in solar active regions. Both types of radio sources were detected at several decimeter wavelengths in observations on the RATAN-600 radio telescope in one-dimensional scans in intensity and circular polarization with a sensitivity of about 5–10 Jy. The degree of polarization is from 70 to 100%. The microburst and background sources exist for several days and appear at sites of prolonged energy release. The typical duration of an individual microburst is about 1–2 s, and the time interval between microbursts is about 3–5 s. A negative microburst frequency drift of about 100 MHz/s or more is also observed. Some interpretations of the microburst and background sources are discussed. The most probable microburst model involves the generation of radio emission via the plasma mechanism, with the upward propagation of fast electrons above an active region. In this case, the required energy of the Langmuir waves is 2×10?8 of the heat energy of the background plasma. Microbursts appear in different places in an active region. New methods for determining the magnetic-field intensity in the regions of generation of the decimeter-wavelength emission are proposed.  相似文献   

6.
Results of observations of the five candidate GPS sources J0626+8202, J0726+7911, J1044+8054, J1823+7938, and J1935+8130 are presented. GPS sources are extragalactic sources whose spectral peaks are near several GHz. These objects were observed on the RATAN-600 radio telescope from 1999 through 2010 at 1.1, 2.3, 4.8, 7.7, 11.2, and 21.7 GHz. These radio sources were selected from a complete sample (S v ≥ 200 mJy at 1.4 GHz) in the vicinity of the North Celestial Pole (+75° ≤ δ ≤ +88°); four are considered as GPS candidates for the first time here. Their spectral properties, variability and morphology are analyzed, and confirms that these can be classified as GPS sources. These four to five GPS sources probably comprise a complete sample of this class of object in this region of the celestial sphere.  相似文献   

7.
We present the results of twenty-year observations of a complete sample of 68 flat-spectrum radio sources with flux densities S 3.9 GHz > 200 mJy carried out at centimeter wavelengths with the RATAN-600 radio telescope. Since 1995, we have observed simultaneously at six frequencies between 0.97 and 21.7 GHz. Of the 56 sources identified with optical objects, 41 are quasars with redshifts between 0.293 and 3.263. Based on our analysis of the spectral shapes, we divide the sources into four classes. Changes of spectral class for individual sources are fairly rare. Based on the light curves and spectra, in most cases, a flare’s evolution is in accordance with a model in which the variations result from the evolution of a shock in the radio jet. The main result of our study is that there is no redshift dependence for the true linear sizes of the radiating regions, the variability indices derived for all 20 years of data or for individual flares, or the peak frequencies of the spectra of the compact radio emission. We suggest that this testifies to an absence of cosmological evolution of the sample quasars, at least to z ≈ 3.  相似文献   

8.
Published data from long-term observations of a strip of sky at declination ?? ?? 5° carried out at 7.6 cm on the RATAN-600 radio telescope are used to estimate some statistical properties of radio sources. Limits on the sensitivity of the survey due to noise imposed by background sources, which dominates the radiometer sensitivity, are refined. The vast majority of noise due to background sources is associated with known radio sources (for example, from the NVSS with a detection threshold of 2.3 mJy) with normal steep spectra (?? = 0.7?C0.8, S ?? ?? ??? ), which have also been detected in new deep surveys at decimeter wavelengths. When all such objects are removed from the observational data, this leaves another noise component that is observed to be roughly identical in independent groups of observations. We suggest this represents a new population of radio sources that are not present in known catalogs at the 0.6 mJy level at 7.6 cm. The studied redshift dependence of the number of steep-spectrum objects shows that the sensitivity of our survey is sufficient to detect powerful FRII radio sources at any redshift, right to the epoch of formation of the first galaxies. The inferred new population is most likely associated with low-luminosity objects at redshifts z < 1. In spite of the appearance of new means of carrying out direct studies of distant galaxies, searches for objects with very high redshifts among steep and ultra-steep spectrum radio sources remains an effective method for studying the early Universe.  相似文献   

9.
Results of a study of the variability of radio sources on timescales of 3–30 days based on six sets of daily observations on the RATAN-600 radio telescope with durations from 53 to 103 days at six frequencies from 0.97 to 21.7 GHz are reported. The variability timescales and spectra determined from the analysis of light curves, structure functions, and autocorrelation functions for 11 radio sources from a complete sample in the declination range 4°–6° (B1950) are presented.  相似文献   

10.
We present the results of our observations of compact extragalactic radio sources near the north celestial pole (+75° ≤ δ ≤ +88°) obtained on the RATAN-600 radio telescope. Our sample consists of 51 radio sources with spectra that are either flat or inverted (growing toward shorter wavelengths) and with flux densities at 1.4 GHz S ν ≥ 200 mJy. We observed the sources at 1–21.7 GHz. Multi-frequency instantaneous spectra are presented for 1999–2007. We observed 33 of our sample source daily for 30 days in August 2007. As a result, we revealed 15 objects exhibiting rapid variations on time scales of a day. The multi-frequency instantaneous spectra of these sources indicate that radio flux variations on one-day timescales are characteristic of objects of various spectral types. More than half the sources exhibiting rapid variations demonstrate a growth in the variability amplitude with increasing frequency. For some of the objects, the variability amplitude is virtually independent of frequency.  相似文献   

11.
Mikheeva  E. V.  Lukash  V. N.  Repin  S. V.  Malinovskii  A. M. 《Astronomy Reports》2019,63(4):343-352

The paper presents a catalog of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) sharpened for interferometric observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, based on open sources. The catalog includes the object’s name, coordinates, angular size, and mass, the angular size of the gravitational radius of the SMBH, and the integrated radio flux associated with the radiosource concluding the SMBH at 20?900 GHz, planned for the Event Horizon Telescope, the future space mission Millimetron, and others. The catalog is intended for use during planning of interferometric observations of SMBH shadows.

  相似文献   

12.
The results of observations aimed at determining the spectra of standard radio sources in an “artificial-Moon” absolute flux scale at epoch 2015.5 at wavelengths of 3.5–18 cm are presented. The sample includes sources with small angular sizes, used as flux-density standards for the calibration of various types of antennas, including large synthesized apertures, over a wide range of frequencies. The artificial-Moon flux scale is constructed in a way that makes it the most accurate of existing scales, and the only scale for which source spectra are not deformed. The methods used to construct the articial-Moon flux scale are briefly described. Repeat measurements of the spectra of standard sources, required to preserve the accuracy of the flux scale, were carried out in 2014–2017 (at a mean epoch of 2015.5) on the 32-m telescope of the Svetloe Observatory of the Institute of Applied Astronomy at four wavelengths: 18, 13, 6.2, and 3.5 cm. The characteristic properties of the measurement methods are discussed, and the data obtained are compared with data from earlier epochs.  相似文献   

13.
Observations of the structure of the radio galaxy 3C338 at decameter wavelengths obtained using the URAN-1 and URAN-2 radio interferometers are presented. The structure of this object at these wavelengths differs appreciably from images obtained at higher frequencies. The most probable simple models for the radio brightness distributions at 25 and 20 MHz are determined: two extended components with sizes from 40″ to 50″ whose centers are separated by 90″–100″ in position angle about 100°, and a single compact component 9″×4″ in size, whose flux density does not exceed 10% of the total flux density of the radio galaxy.  相似文献   

14.
We present the results of long-term radio and optical monitoring of two radio-loud quasars. The aim of the work was to study the objects?? variability on various time scales and search for correlations between the radio and optical emission. The monitoring was performed in 2002?C2010. The radio observations were carried out using the 22-m telescope of the Crimean AstrophysicalObservatory, 26-m telescope of the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory, and 14-m telescope of the Metsahovi Radio Observatory at 4.8, 8.0, 14.5, 22.2, and 36.8 GHz. The optical observations were obtained in the B, V,R bands using the Zeiss-1000 telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory with a CCD photometer. Light curves of the quasars 4C 38.41 (1633+382) and S5 0716+714 are presented. Radio flares of 4C 38.41 with amplitudes of 0.5?C1.0 Jy at 4.8 and 8 GHz and 1?C3 Jy at 22.2 and 36.8 GHz were detected on time scales of about 100 days. The amplitude of the optical brightness variations varied between 0.5 m and 1.5 m over about 200 days. The amplitudes of the flux variations for S5 0716+714 for the period of two months were 0.5?C1.6 Jy at centimeter and 1?C7 Jy at millimeter wavelengths. The amplitudes of flares in the optical reached 2 m in the B and V filters and 2.5 m in the R filter, on time scales of 200 days. The color indices of these objects did not change during the period covered by observations, i.e., the objects did not become bluer when they brightened. The detected delays between the variations atmillimeter and centimeter wavelengths are several days, which is within the interval between observations during the long-term monitoring. The absence of a distinct correlation between the optical and radio brightness variations was probably due to the presence of substantial time delays between the phenomena occurring in these different wavelength ranges.  相似文献   

15.
A cross-identification of objects in the low-frequency (365 MHz) Texas radio catalog and in IRAS catalogs at four infrared wavelengths has yielded a list of 715 objects for further studies. Objects with steep spectra for which the difference in the centers of gravity of the radio and infrared sources was less than 3″ were selected from this list. Seventeen of the objects have been observed at six wavelengths using the RATAN-600 radio telescope. Spectra of nine objects from the initial list for which there were candidate optical counterparts were obtained using the 2.1-m telescope of the INAOE. The results of these observations are discussed. The presence of steep spectral indices for the radio sources is confirmed. The possible optical counterparts include interacting galaxies, an infrared galaxy, two emission-line galaxies, and a candidate BL Lac object. Optical images of the optical counterparts are presented together with radio and optical spectra.  相似文献   

16.
Flux-density variations of the quasar S0528+134 (Nimfa) are analyzed based on long-term monitoring at five radio frequencies between 4.8 and 37 GHz, performed at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, the Metsähovi Radio Observatory of Aalto University, and the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory. The dynamics of a powerful flare in 1996 are analyzed using gamma-ray (0.1–300 GeV), X-ray (2–10 keV, 15–50 keV), and radio observations. The delays of the flare between different spectral ranges and between different radio wavelengths have been measured. The dependence for the delays at different radio wavelengths relative to the X-ray and optical flares is established based on long-term observations in the X-ray, optical, and radio obtained from 2004 to 2013. Multi-frequency monitoring in the radio is used to estimate the orbital and precession periods in the binary supermassive black hole system S0528+134 and the physical characteristics of this system.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of the modulation of radio waves during their passage through turbulent interstellar plasma on measurements of the structure of radio sources made with ultrahigh angular resolution using space radio interferometers are considered. Typical scattering angles?scat, pl for an extragalactic radio source at various wavelengths are estimated from scattering observations for pulsars and extragalactic sources. The (?0λ) plane, where ?0 is the source size and λ is the wavelength of the radio emission, can be divided into five regions, in which different regimes of radio-wave modulation and image reconstruction are realized. Possibilities for image reconstruction in each of these regions are investigated.  相似文献   

18.
The paper reports the results of ten-year centimeter-wavelength observations with the RATAN-600 radio telescope of a complete sample of 83 flat-spectrum sources from the GB6 catalog of the MGB Survey, with S 4.85 > 200 mJy at declinations 10°?C12°30??. Starting in 2000, the observations were conducted simultaneously at six frequencies in the range 0.97?C21.7 GHz. Seventy-six sources (including 54 quasars) have been identified with optical objects, which have redshifts in the range z = 0.331?C3.601. Analysis of light curves and spectra at different activity phases has shown that, in most cases, the dynamics of the development of flares is consistent with a model in which the variability results from the evolution of a shock in a radio jet. A relationship between the time scales for the rise and fall of the flares has been found. There is no redshift dependence of the true linear dimensions of the radiating regions and the variability indices obtained over ten years. These facts can be interpreted as an absence of cosmological evolution of quasars at least up to z ?? 3.  相似文献   

19.
Many-year measurements of the radio flux of the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A relative to the radio galaxy Cygnus A were continued at 290 and 151.5 MHz. The new data are used together with previously published observations carried out at decameter, meter, centimeter, and millimeter wavelengths to derive the frequency dependence of the secular variation of the radio flux density of Cas A: $d_\nu [\% year^{ - 1} ] = - (0.63 \pm 0.02) + (0.04 \pm 0.01)\ln \nu [GHz] + (1.51 \pm 0.16) \times 10^{ - 5} (\nu [GHz])^{ - 2.1} $ . The observed slowing of the secular variations with decreasing frequency at decameter wavelengths can be explained by a decrease in the optical depth of a remnant HII zone around Cas A with time due to recombination of hydrogen atoms. The new derived frequency dependence for the rate of the secular decrease, absolute and relative measurements of the radio flux density of Cas A carried out over the last 25 years, and the absolute spectrum of Cyg A are used to construct the spectrum of Cas A in the range 5–250 000 MHz predicted for epoch 2015.5.  相似文献   

20.
A catalog of radio sources detected in a deep RATAN-600 survey is presented. The catalog was obtained in the region 0h ≤ RA2000.0 ≤ 24h, Dec2000.0 = 41°30′42″ ± 2′, at the declination of the bright radio source 3C 84. There were nine sessions of multi-wavelength observations at wavelengths λ = 1–55 cm, and more than 300 daily scans were accumulated at each wavelength. This is the first stage in the reduction of an extensive database accumulated by the Cosmological Gene Project. The RATAN-600 Zenith Field (RZF) catalog was obtained at the central wavelength of 7.6 cm, and contains 437 radio sources, virtually all of which have been identified with NVSS objects. Most of the flux densities for the catalog sources are above the 5σ level. Noise from faint (mainly new) background sources at a level of about 0.8 mJy has been detected. The minimum flux density of the catalog, 2.5 mJy, is comparable to the flux-density linit of the NVSS catalog. The catalog is more than 80% complete for sources with flux densities >3 mJy.  相似文献   

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